• Title/Summary/Keyword: Forming Process

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A Study on the Use of Location Data for Exploring Infant's Peer Relationships in Free-Choice Play Activities (자유선택놀이 활동에서 유아 또래관계 탐색을 위한 위치데이터 활용 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Jeong Kyoum;Lee, Sang-Seon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.466-472
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to explore how to use location data for peer relations of infants in free-choice play activities. For this study, location data was collected using wearable devices for 14 students in one class at an early childhood education institution in Chungnam. For the pre-processing of the collected location data, a smoothing technique was applied to recover missing values during the collection process, and the data was visualized using Python's Matplotlib. Subsequently, the movement distance, distance between infants, and interaction types of infants were extracted from the location data using the formula. As a result of the study, it was possible to derive 1) change in moving distance, cumulative value, average value, 2) change in distance and average distance value between infants, and 3) change and trend in interaction type according to the passage of time. These results can provide valuable information on the process of forming peer groups for infants in situations where it is difficult for a teacher to closely observe all members, and can be used as meaningful information for the design and operation of educational programs.

Spatial Division of Labor in Korea and The Characteristics of Kumi Local Labor Market (공문적 분업과 지방 노동시장의 특성에 관한 연구 -구미공업단지 섬유.전기전자산업을 중심으로-)

  • 박원석
    • Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.11-38
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    • 1990
  • The purpose of this thesis is, first to present the spatial division of labor in Korea and its mechanism, and second, to elucidate the organic integral relation between local labor market and local community by studing the mechanism that the spatial division of labor is projected into the individual lacal labor marker, and reproduction of labor force process in this local labor market. According to this purpose, the theoretical frame of this analysis is done, the positive analysis is made and Kumi is choosed as its analysis case area. The main data is from 'Survey Report on Manufacturing Idustry Wage Conditions' published by Minimum Wage Council, Ministry of Labour and from the questionnaires and interview on textile industry and electric electronics industry firms in Kumi Export Industrial Estate. The following are the results of this study. 1. The mechanism of spatial division of labor in Korea, seen through the employment structure index, is accelerating the regional discrimination by fixing the regional hierarchisation between Seoul (or Seoul Metropolitan Area as expanded Seoul) and other areas. But it is also developing highly the regional employment structure at the level of technical division of labor, since the spatial division of labor in Korea is leaded by large firms and influenced by the policy for regional development. 2. Local labor market is formed in Kumi area and its delimitation is Kumi city. The employment structure of Kumi local labor market is occupying lower hierarchy division at management hierachical level and occupying upper hierarchy division at the level of technical division of labor, and brand plants of large firs are determinating and dominating this emplogment structure. These bdranch plants of large firs are forming more favorable and stabel labor marker than locally controlled ploants in Kumi local labor market. But the reproduction of labor force process in Kumi local labor market is not fully carried out and leaked into central city, therefore Kumi is now becoming an unstable local community, suffering from large movement of population. This is because Kumi local labor market is found not for itself, but by the state policy and externally controlled plants of large firms, and therefore no potentiality to control and to absorb the exterior influences is built in Kumi local labor market. 3. The case firms A, B have spatial division of labor between decision-making function and production function, and between upper management hierachical labor force and lower management hierachical labor force in internal labor market.

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Sintering Mixtures in the Stage of Establishing Chemical Equilibrium

  • Savitskii, A.P.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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    • 1999.04a
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    • pp.5-5
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    • 1999
  • The Principal deficiency of the existing notion about the sintering-mixtures consists in the fact that almost no attention is focused on the Phenomenon of alloy formation during sintering, its connection with dimensional changes of powder bodies, and no correct ideas on the driving force for the sintering process in the stage of establishing chemical equilibrium in a system are available as well. Another disadvantage of the classical sintering theory is an erroneous conception on the dissolution mechanism of solid in liquid. The two-particle model widely used in the literature to describe the sintering phenomenon in solid state disregards the nature of the neighbouring surrounding particles, the presence of pores between them, and the rise of so called arch effect. In this presentation, new basic scientific principles of the driving forces for the sintering process of a two-component powder body, of a diffusion mechanism of the interaction between solid and liquid phases, of stresses and deformation arising in the diffusion zone have been developed. The major driving force for sintering the mixture from components capable of forming solid solutions and intermetallic compounds is attributed to the alloy formation rather than the reduction of the free surface area until the chemical equilibrium is achieved in a system. The lecture considers a multiparticle model of the mixed powder-body and the nature of its volume changes during solid-state and liquid-phase sintering. It explains the discovered S-and V-type concentration dependencies of the change in the compact volume during solid-state sintering. It is supposed in the literature that the dissolution of solid in liquid is realised due to the removal of atoms from the surface of the solid phase into the melt and then their diffusicn transfer from the solid-liquid interface into the bulk of liquid. It has been shown in our experimental studies that the mechanism of the interaction between two components, one of them being liquid, consist in diffusion of the solvent atoms from the liquid into the solid phase until the concentration of solid solutions or an intermetallic compound in the surface layer enables them to pass into the liquid by means of melting. The lecture discusses peculimities of liquid phase formation in systems with intermediate compounds and the role of the liquid phase in bringing about the exothermic effect. At the frist stage of liquid phase sintering the diffusion of atoms from the melt into the solid causes the powder body to grow. At the second stage the diminution of particles in size as a result of their dissolution in the liquid draws their centres closer to each other and makes the compact to shrink Analytical equations were derived to describe quantitatively the porosity and volume changes of compacts as a result of alloy formation during liquid phase sinteIing. Selection criteria for an additive, its concentration and the temperature regime of sintering to control the density the structure of sintered alloys are given.

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An Assessment Study on Stability of Various Coating Treatment of Metallic Artifacts Using V-Flon (불소 수지(V-Flon)를 이용한 금속유물의 코팅 형성에 대한 안전성 평가 연구)

  • Lee, Jung-Min;Wi, Koang-Chul
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2010
  • One of resins, V-Flon is useful as a coating material because YK-D80, which is a solvent for V-Flon, is not highly volatile. However, it can not completely harden and can flow out when metal artifacts are joined and restored in the process of the treatment. Therefore, after the impregnation process in order to accelerate the hardening speed of a coating material, usually a dry oven was adopted. This study focused on finding the problems on the dry oven which is employed to increase the speed and investigating the most effective solvent and its composition by checking any change occurred depending on the concentration of solvents. Six different types of solvents were selected and samples were prepared in a manner that they were impregnated with solvents in three concentrations respectively (10%, 20%, 30%). To determine the condition of the samples, the stability evaluation was performed by measuring the change of color and the gloss, the thickness of coated layers, the corrosion after coating, the water resistance by contact angles. Through the comparative experiments between the natural drying and the artificial drying using a dry oven, it was found that when the dry oven is used, some problems are identified on the point of forming a uniform and stable layer because of the unstable data collected from the forced artificial dry. The experiments performed using 3 different concentration rates (10%, 20%, 30%) presented that in the case of 10% V-Flon in Xylene (using as a solvent), its layer was thin as well as it showed the high water-barrier property, which allows it to form the stably coated layer with the lower gloss and color change.

Changes of Indicator Microorganisms and Pathogenic Bacteria in Spinach during Cook-Chill Process (시금치의 cook-chill 가공 중 오염지표균 및 병원성세균의 변화)

  • Kim, Hye-Jung;Park, Jae-Kap;Lee, Dong-Sun;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.927-930
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    • 2002
  • Spinach minimally processed using cook-chill and sous vide techniques was vacuum-packed in low gas permeable plastic film, pasteurized at $70^{\circ}C$ for 2 min, cooled rapidly at $3^{\circ}C$, and stored at 3 and $10^{\circ}C$. Contents of mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, spore-forming bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were measared to identify the degree of food contamination. Number of mesophilic bacteria, detected at $2.2{\times}10^8\;cfu/g$ in raw spinish, decreased to about $6.0{\times}10^3\;cfu/g$ after cook-chill process. During the storage at 3 or $10^{\circ}C$, levels of mesophilic, psychrophilic and anaerobic bacteria increased, whereas total coliforms, yeast and molds, fecal Streptococcus, and Enterobacteriacea were not detected. Twelve strains of Aeromonas hydphila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were examined for detecting the presence of pathogenic bacteria in spinach. B. cereus and C. perfringens were isolated from raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated only from washed spinach. S. aureus was isolated from raw and washed spinach, but not from cook-chilled spinach. Other pathogenic organisms were not detected in raw, washed, and cook-chilled spinach.

Design of Dynamic Buffer Assignment and Message model for Large-scale Process Monitoring of Personalized Health Data (개인화된 건강 데이터의 대량 처리 모니터링을 위한 메시지 모델 및 동적 버퍼 할당 설계)

  • Jeon, Young-Jun;Hwang, Hee-Joung
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.187-193
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    • 2015
  • The ICT healing platform sets a couple of goals including preventing chronic diseases and sending out early disease warnings based on personal information such as bio-signals and life habits. The 2-step open system(TOS) had a relay designed between the healing platform and the storage of personal health data. It also took into account a publish/subscribe(pub/sub) service based on large-scale connections to transmit(monitor) the data processing process in real time. In the early design of TOS pub/sub, however, the same buffers were allocated regardless of connection idling and type of message in order to encode connection messages into a deflate algorithm. Proposed in this study, the dynamic buffer allocation was performed as follows: the message transmission type of each connection was first put to queuing; each queue was extracted for its feature, computed, and converted into vector through tf-idf, then being entered into a k-means cluster and forming a cluster; connections categorized under a certain cluster would re-allocate the resources according to the resource table of the cluster; the centroid of each cluster would select a queuing pattern to represent the cluster in advance and present it as a resource reference table(encoding efficiency by the buffer sizes); and the proposed design would perform trade-off between the calculation resources and the network bandwidth for cluster and feature calculations to efficiently allocate the encoding buffer resources of TOS to the network connections, thus contributing to the increased tps(number of real-time data processing and monitoring connections per unit hour) of TOS.

Effect of Amine Functional Group on Removal Rate Selectivity between Copper and Tantalum-nitride Film in Chemical Mechanical Polishing

  • Cui, Hao;Hwang, Hee-Sub;Park, Jin-Hyung;Paik, Ungyu;Park, Jea-Gun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.546-546
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    • 2008
  • Copper (Cu) Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been an essential process for Cu wifing of DRAM and NAND flash memory beyond 45nm. Copper has been employed as ideal material for interconnect and metal line due to the low resistivity and high resistant to electro-migration. Damascene process is currently used in conjunction with CMP in the fabrication of multi-level copper interconnects for advanced logic and memory devices. Cu CMP involves removal of material by the combination of chemical and mechanical action. Chemicals in slurry aid in material removal by modifying the surface film while abrasion between the particles, pad, and the modified film facilitates mechanical removal. In our research, we emphasized on the role of chemical effect of slurry on Cu CMP, especially on the effect of amine functional group on removal rate selectivity between Cu and Tantalum-nitride (TaN) film. We investigated the two different kinds of complexing agent both with amine functional group. On the one hand, Polyacrylamide as a polymer affected the stability of abrasive, viscosity of slurry and the corrosion current of copper film especially at high concentration. At higher concentration, the aggregation of abrasive particles was suppressed by the steric effect of PAM, thus showed higher fraction of small particle distribution. It also showed a fluctuation behavior of the viscosity of slurry at high shear rate due to transformation of polymer chain. Also, because of forming thick passivation layer on the surface of Cu film, the diffusion of oxidant to the Cu surface was inhibited; therefore, the corrosion current with 0.7wt% PAM was smaller than that without PAM. the polishing rate of Cu film slightly increased up to 0.3wt%, then decreased with increasing of PAM concentration. On the contrary, the polishing rate of TaN film was strongly suppressed and saturated with increasing of PAM concentration at 0.3wt%. We also studied the electrostatic interaction between abrasive particle and Cu/TaN film with different PAM concentration. On the other hand, amino-methyl-propanol (AMP) as a single molecule does not affect the stability, rheological and corrosion behavior of the slurry as the polymer PAM. The polishing behavior of TaN film and selectivity with AMP appeared the similar trend to the slurry with PAM. The polishing behavior of Cu film with AMP, however, was quite different with that of PAM. We assume this difference was originated from different compactness of surface passivation layer on the Cu film under the same concentration due to the different molecular weight of PAM and AMP.

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A study on characteristics of construction materials in Korean traditional construction area - Focused on a viewpoint of ecological esthetics - (한국 전통 건축 공간에 나타난 건축 재료의 특성에 관한 연구 - 생태 미학적 관점을 중심으로 -)

  • Yang, Eun-Ji;Kim, Kai-Chun
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.224-232
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    • 2012
  • Although evolution of construction materials brought about development of modern architecture, they caused destruction of the environment and pollution. This problem is not a new one in terms of ecological esthetics and materials of sustainable architecture in light of the Eastern view of nature and this idea became a background of this study. The basic concept is to try to find out their characteristics from a perspective of ecological esthetics in relation to traditional building materials that nature, architecture, and humans coexist and live with each other to balance. Based on ecological esthetics and precedent studies on materials of traditional architecture, we investigated connections, expressive methods and characteristics in traditional residential construction space. This attempt has meanings in that it can propose a new framework of forming various viewpoints and spatial perceptions in relation to esthetics and traditional construction materials. The current study examined the characteristics by dividing them into tangible and intangible elements based on expressive features of elements of nature. The characteristics found by this process are not simply notion of physical materials, but plays a key role aesthetically and ecologically. Nature and materials take circulation of the law of nature, regulate energy, increase efficiency and play a major role in an economic way. Nature in itself becomes natural alternative energy, and plays its role in an invisible fashion. It examined how expressive characteristics of construction materials are reflected through analyzing residential space and Korean traditional garden having relationships with Eastern viewpoint of nature in relation to Korean traditional construction materials from a perspective of ecological esthetics. Findings of the above study indicate that expressive characteristics of Korean traditional construction materials from a perspective of ecological esthetics are that nature, space, humans coexist and live together and they will provide a clue to an alternative to solve ecological and environmental problems modern society will have in the future. Through this process, it provided a possibility that traditional space and materials can be succeeded in creative and new ways, and it found out the way for nature, space, and humans to coexist and a possibility of ecological esthetics. It addition, it will provide a key base as an alternative of sustainable design of the future.

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Production of an Interactive Media Artwork with motif of Characteristics of comets (혜성의 특성을 모티브로 한 인터랙티브 미디어 아트 제작)

  • Lee, O-Jung;Kim, Hyung-Gi
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.18 no.8
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    • pp.1529-1535
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    • 2017
  • Due to its unique formation and mystery phenomena, comets is a major motif that inspires various creative fields. Media art that has been developed and expanded in step with the development of modern scientific technology has expressed the unique characteristics of comets such as their structure in the art as a motif, using technologies. This study describes the process of producing "Near by", an distance-recognition interactive media art. offering the audience a chance to create a tail of a comet as they close to it. changes the color of a LED structure representing the nucleus of a comet as the audience approaches it. At the same time, a video of a comet's tail is projected. Through this interaction, the audience will renew their perception on comets and emotionally interact with the art. This work capturing not only the formative characteristics of a comet, but also its forming process as a motif. Such composite way of expressing a motif could be presented as a possibility of extending the expression of the natural phenomenon in the future media art field.

Experience of Job Stress among Female Community Convergence Health Care Experts: Applying Parse's Human Becoming (지역사회 융합 보건의료 전문직 여성의 직무 스트레스로 인한 고통 체험: Parse의 인간되어감 연구 방법 적용)

  • Kim, Han-Som;Choi, Seong-Youl;Lee, Ye-Eun;Yu, Ji-Yeon;Park, Ji-Hyeon;Byeon, Ju-Yeong;Yang, Ga-Young;Kwak, Eun-Byeol
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.219-234
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    • 2020
  • As the Korean society ages, the number of women who specialize in community health care is expected to increase. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and structure the nature of suffering due to job stress among female community health care professionals, and to provide basic data supporting the performance of female health care professionals. To use Parse's theory of human becoming, nine female health care professionals were selected in the community. After forming the "you and me" relationship, the researcher recorded the participants' distress through honest conversations. It was converted to the structure of human becoming through the extraction-synthesis and discovery interpretation process. Through conceptual interpretation, the structure of the experience was developed. At the results, the female health care professionals were the process of overcoming difficulty due to poor working conditions and conflict in roles between work and family through their skills and communication reinforcements in hopes for change. The stable national welfare policies must be established to sustain jobs with female community health care experts through improved working conditions.