• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

In this study, the landscape characteristics of the sacred Dangsan forests at Singi-ri, Namwon-si were investigated as an agricultural heritage, and the management scheme for revitalization of the village was introduced. FAO established the term of 'GIAHS' (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) for conservation of each country's farmland, unique agricultural landscape, and cultural diversity. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea evaluates that the Agricultural Heritage is a new means and potential for rural development. Dangsan forest, a traditional village forests of rural Korea is a representative 'agricultural heritage' with a history of more than several hundred years of Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forests were closely linked with paddy fields. This forest was composed of two Dangsan forests, and one Bibo forest. Especially, the Dangsan forest 2 was established on the mounding with 395m in length and 15m in width. Although, most of Dangsan forests do not have accurate records about forest establishment, this forest has retained a stone monument that illustrated the history of the forest. These aspects of Singi-ri's Dangsan forest indicated clear difference and characteristics compared to other ones. This Dangsan forest has been left alone from the public attention. The Dangsan forest at Singi-ri need to be recognized for their valuable landscape characteristics. By linking the Dangsan forest with 'Jirisan trail', the trail path will lead people to the agricultural heritage at Singi-ri. Enhancing the management scheme will contribute to revitalize the village.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.56-65
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify remained real state of the village groves in human settlement circle. That was practiced in case of Chinan-Gun region which traditional elements had well been conserved. 33 village groves were found by site survey, reference and interview in Chinan-Gun region. 31 of 51 village groves were clarified as complementing village grove by classification of grove character. It was identified through survey that many were partially destructed by development and human overuse. The results of this study showed general, socio-behavioral characteristics, characteristics of forest state and vegetation structure of village groves in Chinan-Gun region. Length, area, form, type, motive, location, relationship of those were analyzed to identify general characteristics. Facilities, human behavior and ownership of those were analyzed to identify socio-behavioral characteristics. Principal dominant species and appearing rate, height, width, density of those, species diversity of groves were analyzed to identify forest state and vegetation structure. Interrelation between each factor were analyzed and comparative review with previous studies was achieved.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.577-584
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• 2009

This study was conducted to verify the types of village forest in Gyeongsan City, North Gyeongsang Province, and a total of 32 village forests were investigated. The result indicated that village forests in Gyeongsan City can be classified as 8 village enterance forests(25.0%), 6 hillside forests(18.8%), 7 streamside forests(21.9%), and 11 village peripheral forests(34.4%). The major tree species in the village enterance forests are as follows: Zelkova serrata(34.3%), Ginkgo biloba(11.2%) and Robinia pseudoacacia(10.5%). The major tree species in hillside forests are: Pinus densiflora(56.8%), Quercus acutissima(26.4%) and Zelkova serrata(4.3%). The major tree species in the streamside forests are: Zelkova serrata(40.4%), Salix chaenomeloides var. chaenomeloides(27.1%) and Cornus wateri(5.5%). The major tree species in the village peripheral forests are: Zelkova serrata(21.7%), Quercus acutissima(10.8%) and Cornus walteri(8.9%). The habitat fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure, the function of habitats for village forests has deteriorated. In order to improve it, the management plan should be implemented and the seedlings of village forest trees should be carefully selected and propagated. Furthermore, the public should be educated about the importance of preserving and developing those village forests.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

This study analyzed settlement motivation, life satisfaction factors, policy requirement targeting return farmers on mountain village. 8 target villages where return farmers live at least 10 people were selected according as cooperation of the local governments through literature by considering the area of the whole country. The return farmers in target villages were conducted a face to face survey with village headman's pre-coordination from February to September 2013. A total of 94 surveys were performed and 87 copies were used in the analysis. According to the results, the most important factor influenced the decision to be a return farmer was "my family health(3.97)". The correlation analysis was performed to examine factors related with satisfaction of "return farmer life in general". The result showed that "change of physical health" was the most important correlativity with 0.544 correlation coefficient and 0.05 significant level and "family relationship" was followed with 0.424 correlation coefficient and 0.05 significant level. According to the "important factor for the successful return-farmer life", 42.7% of respondents chose "harmonious relationships with local residents" and "stable source of income" was chosen by 29.3% of residents. A questionnaire for the analysis of policy requirements showed that "education system related Forestry(Agriculture)" was the highest demand with 4.oo points. The result can be used as a basis for establishing policies with activation of mountain villages to attract to constantly increasing population of return farmers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2020

This study was done to evaluate resources distributed around the Nakdong-Jeongmaek which is the eastern ridge line of the Nakdong-river basin with 437km in length. Here we found and/or searched for thousands of resources within each of 210 villages around the ridge, which were divided into six categories including landscape, natural park, protected area, history, tourism and biodiversity. An inventory was also created using an attribute table in a shape file for identifying the spatial location and property for every resource existing in each village. Each of fields for six-typed resources has 210 records representing each village and resources within it. If a resource exists in a village, '1' is assigned for its existence in its corresponding record. Otherwise, '0' is assigned for its non-existence in the record. The number of '1' on six records for a village is meaning the number of resources contained within a village, which can be a barometer to decide the properties of each village. In this study, we found five core villages containing all kind of resources in it, while 52 villages were found having only a single type of resources within it. The other villages were known to have multiple resources like having two or more ones.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

Although the Chungmak village, Gyeokpo-ri, Buan-gun is a small seashore village, it's an important place that has the largest ancient maritime ritual sites in Korea. This 'Chungmak-dong Ritual Site'(5~6 century, Baekje of the Three-kingdom period) was located in the Dangsan forest of Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii) Colony, and that has a significant meaning concerned with Dangsan forest's origin. Chungmak village located in the Scenic Site # 13 named 'Chaeseokgang and Jeokbyeokgang coastal cliff in Buan', and have retained the Jeollabuk-do Tangible Cultural Property # 58 named 'Suseongdang', the Natural Monument # 123 named 'Machilus community in Gyeokpo-ri, Buan'. The 'Suseongdang Gaeyang Grandmother Dangsinje (Village Ritual)' which is Dangsan ritual has been held every year by village residents. The practical management of Suseongdang and Machilus community has been conducted by village residents. In this study, the landscape characteristics of the Dangsan forest were investigated including neighborhood elements such as Bibo forest, seashores, and farm fields. The conservation of cultural landscape was thought to be achieved by designating 'Protected Area of Sacred Natural Sites'. The Dangsan forest ought to be recognized for their valuable landscape characteristics. It should be managed as a protected area and a sacred natural sites in order to be registered as a World Cultural Heritage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.30-40
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the change in vegetation structure of a complementary forest through monitoring a natural complementary village forest. Because the most complementary village forests are located in the Jinan of all counties of South Korea, the naturally-managed Seochon complementary village forest of Jinan county was selected for monitoring the changes. In this study, it was found that Seochon Village, which was formed in the late 1800s as a refuge by Catholic believers, began to evolve and develop other parts of the forest for refugee purposes but that the forest around the stream's mouth remained intact and was conserved. The vegetational survey for monitoring was performed in 2002, 2007 and 2016. In field survey, D(Dominent degree) and S(Sociability degree) were measured by Brown-Blanquet's method. This study monitored the change of species richness and species composition and layer structure through an analysis of the field survey. As a result, it was found that the structure and function of the complementary village forest has been improved through reduced human disturbance. It was also found that a multi-layer structure has been more stable, species richness has been increased, and quality of species composition has been improved through natural succession.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

This paper compares the difference between the village groves in the Jinan settlement region and the Hamyang settlment region in Honam and the Youngnam mountainous region. The results are as follows: Fifty-one village groves in the Jinan legion were found and 40 village groves were found in the Hamyang region. It was established that the village groves in the Jinan region of Honam province were conserved better than those of Hamyang region of Youngnam province. In the Jinan area, the village groves were principally found in the Jinan-eup and the Hamyang regions, primarily in Seosang-myun and Aneui-myun. So it was determined that the village groves were distributed inequitably in the two regions. In L / W ratio, the Jinan region is 3.6 and Hamyang region is 2.0 Jinan is 1.8 times greater than Hamyang. Therefore, it was concluded that Jinan is stronger than Hamyang in linear function of the village groves. Stone stooge for complementation function was found in 11 village groves in the Jinan region and 6 village groves in Hamyang. So the percentage of the remaining stone storage is 15-20 % of all village groves. Regarding grove makeup, the village gloves in Jinan region is deciduous forest principally. In contrast, the groves of Hamyang are principally coniferous forest. The dominant tree of the Jinan-gun region is Zelkova serrata, but in Hamyang it is Pinus densiflrora. By number, Hamyang region has two times the trees than Jinan region. In density of stand, the Hamyang region is 76.2% higher than Jinan region. In height and diameter of trees, the Jinan region is greater than the Hamyang region. It was identified that RSI of both region is 40%. So in density of trees, both region are sparse. This paper has a limit in ideiltiting the differences between Yolmg-nam ar\ulcorner Hnam village groves because comparative review only examined two regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.372-382
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• 1998

This study aims to reveal the dissolving process around the customary common right to forest utilization through a series of policies consolidating the modern forest ownerships in Korea under the rule of Japanese Imperialism. The existence of the customary common right to forest utilization has been widely recognized since the old time. Common profitable actions in a certain area have been given to village residents to gain useful materials such as forage, timber, fuelwood, wild animals, soil, grazing, and quarry in forest, which were necessarily required for their own daily life as customary commodities. This right was divided into the right around common forests and special easement in forests. Therefore, the common forests applicable of these rights were classified into village common forests and special easement forests. Especially, General-Government granted the national forests in pre-emption to a private(88.6%, 2,463,555chungbo) or public(12.1%, 299,050chungbo). After all, most of the common forests were transferred into national forests in earlier stage and then later into public ar private forests by Japanese Imperialism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 1983

Ever since the day of pre-modernized society where the farming skill had been in the stagnant condition, the common farmwoodlands have been utilized in common (collectivelly) by villagers in order to harvest farmwoodlands and fuelwoods. Later, during the process of modernization, most of the common farmwoodlands were transferred into national or public forests by the administrative enforcement, but there were still various types of village (common) forests such as the common forests owned by joint owners, village block associations, village forest productive societies, Village Forestry Association(V.F.A.), and the national or public forests leased to V.F.A. As Village Forestry Association is organized with a few villages, each of common forests ow nod to the villages is obliged to be diversely controlled by other managers than the chief of V.F.A. Therefore, it is to be desired that the control of common forests should be under Gun Forestry Association Union. While the rate of the use of common forests for fuelwoods and cemetery has been considerably high, villagers wish to promote the timber forest establishment through the collective management by their improved farming skills and economical situations. In these present circumstances the village forest productive societies should be guided to work in closer cooperation with Gun Forestry Association Union. Since the management of common forests is still extensive, it still remains in the semi-management condition under which we can not find any management plan or measure to control forest damage. Especially the small area common forests should have appropriate size for the joint management. This will promote the forest productivity through the lease for reforestation of disposable national forests or public county forests and the contracts for profit sharing. Today owing to increasing forest value, frequent dispute has occurred on the common right telated to the village forests and rationalization of forest management has been disregarded. If a necessary measure were taken to control the dispute such as transferring the registeration right of ownership to the village forest productive society, the confidence of local inhabitants can be regained and the productivity of forests can be naturally increased.