• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

Since 1990's, a plywood for flooring base has gotten customers' demand. Costs of raw material and production increased because of changed environment of industry. Tropical timber such as Red Meranti (Shorea acuminate) used for raw material of the floor has been depleting beside countries in South Eastern Asia changed species of afforestation. As a result, it gets hard to secure good quality of raw material for plywood. Moreover plywood price is increased suddenly after earthquake in Japan. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) in china has been using for raw material as a countermeasure of changed environment of industry. In this study, possibility of using flooring consisted of Eucalyptus veneer as crossband layers was checked by deflection experiments. Flooring consisted of Red Meranti was used for comparison. Two factors which impact on deflection are a type of density gradient and density difference between Long-grain veneer and Short-grain veneer. Red Meranti samples are M type of density gradient on the other hand Eucalyptus samples are W type of density gradient. The more samples have high density difference, the more deformation was checked. A sample which has big density difference between core and cross bands layer warp more also deform. Flooring was deformed smaller than plywood and samples which have big density difference was deformed more.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2008

The burning behaviors of board for flooring materials were investigated using cone calorimetry at an incident heat flux of $50kWm^{-2}$. Seven domestic flooring materials were used to observe the burning behavior of maximum heat release rate, total heat release and average heat release rate. The experimental data indicated that the medium density fiberboard (MDF) flooring had higher release rate than the other flooring materials. Also, the mass loss of MDF flooring was higher than the other floors. When measuring the smoke production from burning, PE fiberboard flooring and PVC Plastic Resin Sheet showed higher carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide yield than the others. The average smoke release of both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide through specific extinction area was similar. Toxic smoke measurement from flooring materials were determined by the mouse stop motion, and the results indicated that MDF flooring contains more toxic material than the other flooring materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.105-109
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• 2011

This study is concerned with the development of the SL inorganic floor covering. First, volatile organic compounds, inorganic test profile on the SL through the flooring is environment-friendly inorganic noncombustible floor finishes the event of fire toxic gases (such as volatile organic compounds) emissions have been identified as not at all. Second, SL-breathable material, the concrete floor to prevent aging, long life, which are three levels of noise, shock-absorbing function was decreased. Third, SL economic analysis of mineral flooring terrazzo tile floors compared with the normal material. On a terrazzo tile cost 13,500 won ~ 24,500 won, but It have found that, in terms of labor SL 36,899 won ~ 38,899 won flooring mineral balance. Occurs in the total amount when compared with terrazzo tile floors and 25,399 won 3T, 5T and economical analysis concludes that the original 12,399 won.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2005

Building parts of Multi-Family Houses are consisted of several building material assembly. Therefore, after selecting building materials with test result of emission intensity and their feature, composed building materials are made equally with actual construction methods, and experimented emission intensity. 7 days after experiment, formaldehyde emission intensity appeared low in an order of Tile Wall, Wood Flooring, Wallpaper, Reum Flooring, Silk Wallpaper, and 20 days after experiment, TVOC emission intensity appeared low in an order of Tile Wall, Reum Flooring, Silk Wallpaper, Wood Flooring, Wallpaper. There was a clear difference in TVOC emission intensity according to kind of building materials. Composed building materials that weight per unit area is big and omission intensity is high, they effect continuously to indoor air because decrement is small.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2018

At present, the elderly population in Korea is 14% of the total population and then We has entered an the society of advanced age. Along with this, elderly people with dementia and palsy are also increasing. The demand for elderly nursing homes for elderly people with severe diseases such as dementia and stroke is also increasing, and the existing buildings are being secured by Conversion of existing buildings. However, it is difficult to evacuate and fire due to the out of date of buildings by Conversion of existing buildings. For example, there is a fire in the Indukukwon, Pohang City and Hyosung Geriatric Hospital, Jangseong in Korea, which have changed the use of existing buildings. Many elderly people died in a night fire. It was because of the sandwich panel walls and PVC flooring material produced toxic gas instantly. In this study, we investigated the nursing home that changing the use and established fire prevention of human injury and countermeasure of evacuation. First, the sandwich panels which leading to deaths due to the toxic gas were installed in most nursing home. We recommend the RC, the masonry wall, and the glass fiber panel instead of the sandwich panels, In addition, the PVC flooring is most used in nursing home, the flooring material is considered such as the building stones, the tile, and the yellow soil closing instead of the PVC flooring. Second, we investigated the installation status of fire fighting equipment. As a result, the automatic-emergency open&shut equipment, the smoke ventilator and the evacuation slide were rarely installed. In order to secure the golden time in case of fire and to prevent the asphyxia caused by the toxic gas, the law should be amended to install the equipment.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.762-767
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• 2009

Some types of semi-Volatile organic compounds (SVOC) that are emitted from plastics used in building materials and household appliances have associated health risks, even at low concentrations. In this study, micro chamber method for measuring SVOC is introduced and SVOC such as di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and butylated hydroxyltoluene emitted a flooring material were measured using a micro chamber method. Airflow characteristics in a micro test chamber deeply depended on air exchange rate. From the evaluation using an index of air change efficiency, such as the air age and the coefficient of air change performance, a fixed air exchange rate of $1.5\;h^{-1}$ in the micro chamber is desirable.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4 s.132
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• pp.23-29
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• 2005

The fancy veneer flooring board is high value-added wooden material. The classification of the flooring boards by the observation with the naked eye causes color difference among fancy veneers. It turned out that this inaccuracy of color difference among fancy veneers increased in case of the identification by metamerism or the flooring construction. Therefore, this study was performed to classify fancy veneers produced from 3 species such as Tilia sp., Betula sp., and Acer sp. which were identified with the naked eye by Light and Dark grade, by using CIELAB. In addition, each specie's threshold on CIERGB was investigated and a range of hue, saturation and intensity by an application of HSI color model were studied. Intensity of the HIS color model could be the best value to be used when color, saturation and intensity of the HSI color model were used for the classification of the flooring board's color. In addition, it seemed that color range of all three criteria lied between $45^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}$. In the case of identification by threshold of RGB element, considering only specific color element value is unlikely to lead to accurate classification of fancy veneers of flooring board.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2007

Affective aspects of design attributes such as color, Pattern, and texture are important to the overall impression and the success of interior products. Among all the interior materials, wallpapers and flooring materials take up largest construction area and they are main components in creating affective impression for customers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective variables and design elements of wallpapers and flooring materials. The approach consists of 3 steps: (1) selecting related affective features and product design attributes through a literature survey, opinion of expert panel, and focus group interview, (2) conducting evaluation experiments, and (3) developing Kansei models using multivariate statistical analysis and analyzing critical attributes. Evaluation experiment was conducted using a questionnaire made up of 7-point scale and 100-point scale and 30 housewives and 20 interior designers participated in the evaluation experiment. The result of evaluation was analyzed through principal component regression and quantification I analysis. As a result of analyzing the survey data, the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective features and product design attributes was identified, moreover a optimal combination of the design component was identified. Consequently, it is expected that the results of the study would be a basis of the concept of emotion-based design by giving insights about how customers perceive the luxuriousness and suggesting the optimal combination, and providing specific quantitative design guidelines.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2023

This study investigates the application of nano-composite materials in physical education, specifically focusing on improving the performance of sports hall flooring. The research centers on carbon nanotube reinforced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites, which offer enhanced mechanical properties and durability. The incorporation of carbon nanotubes as reinforcements in the PVC matrix provides notable benefits, including increased strength, improved thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and resistance to fatigue. The key parameters examined in this study are the weight percentage of carbon nanotubes and the temperature during the fabrication process. Through careful analysis, it is found that higher weight percentages of carbon nanotubes contribute to a more uniform dispersion within the PVC matrix, resulting in improved mechanical properties. Additionally, higher fabrication temperatures aid in repairing macroscopic defects, leading to enhanced overall performance. The findings of this study indicate that the utilization of carbon nanotube reinforced PVC composites can significantly enhance the strength and durability of sports hall flooring. By employing these advanced materials, the safety and suitability of physical education environments can be greatly improved. Furthermore, the insights gained from this research can contribute to the optimization of composite material design and fabrication techniques, not only in the field of physical education but also in various industries where composite materials find applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.726-734
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• 2018

In this study, for using effectively domestic (temperate) small and medium diameter logs as a wooden floorboard, cross-laminated wood panels were manufactured using domestic larch and tulip woods as a base material for teak and merbau wood flooring, and static bending strength performances were measured to investigate the applicability as the base materials of wooden flooring in place of plywood. Static bending MOE was much influenced by the strength performances of the top layer lamina than that of the laminae for base materials. Bending MOR showed the higher values in tulip wood that was hardwoods than in larch wood that was softwoods regardless of the strength performances of the top layer laminae, and it was found that the values were much influenced by the strength performances of the base materials used in the core and bottom layers. However these values were 1.4-2.5 times higher values than the bending strength of the wooden floorboards specified in KS, it was found that it can be sufficiently applied to the base materials of wooden floorboards in place of plywood.