• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.212-219
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• 1999

In this paper we investigated an applicability of earthquake regulations for seismic-isolated building structures which has been used currently and propose an efficient method for vertical distribution of seismic loads. The distribution of force is revised in UBC-94 as vertical distribution of force of UBC(Uniform Building Code)-91 is not sufficient safety but its distribution is inefficient expensive because of similar expression to fixed-based structures. In order to overcome this difficulties improved vertical distribution to fixed-based structures. In order to overcome this difficulties improved vertical distribution of seismic load is proposed using two degrees-of-freedom isolated structures and mode shape of fixed-based structures. Efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are verified through analysis of an example structures with moment resisting frame and shear walls so this study approximate to dynamic analysis results in each case.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

Purpose - This paper discusses the heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem with pick-up and delivery (HFFVRPPD), for vehicles with different capacities, fixed costs, and travel costs. Research Design, data, methodology - This paper made nine assumptions for establishing a mathematical model to describe HFFVRPPD. It established a practical mathematical model, and because of the non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard), improved the traditional simulated annealing algorithm and tested a new algorithm using a certain scale model. Result - We calculated the minimum cost of the heterogeneous fixed fleet vehicle routing problem (HFFVRP) with a single task and, on comparing the results with the actual HFFVRP for the single task alone, observed that the total cost of HFFVRPPD reduced significantly by 46.7%. The results showed that the new algorithm provides better solutions and stability. Conclusions - This paper, by comparing the HFFVRP and HFFVRPPD results, highlights certain advantages of using HFFVRPPD in physical distribution enterprises, such as saving distribution vehicles, reducing logistics cost, and raising economic benefits.

• 대한치과보철학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.90-91
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• 1999

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.957-966
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• 2020

This paper presents the virtual mass method to implement the prediction of total resistance for ice-going ship in floe ice region based on the combined method of CFD and DEM. Two ways of floe ice distribution are adopted for the analysis and comparison. The synthetic ice model test has been conducted to determine the optimal virtual mass coefficients for the two different floe ice distributions. Moreover, the further verification and prediction are developed in different ice conditions. The results show that, the fixed and random distributions in numerical method can simulate the interaction of ship and ice vividly, the trend of total resistance varying with the speed and ice concentration obtained by the numerical simulation is consistent with the model test. The random distribution of floe ice has higher similarity and better accuracy than fixed distribution.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.16-19
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• 2009

In this paper, we concern about the distribution characteristics of surface temperature by the increment of time, diffusivity and heat flux on irradiating of a laser. The penetration depth corresponding to the induced constant heat flux or irradiated laser, is simulated by a computer algorithm. The distribution of temperature versus penetration depth for the variation of time and diffusivity is characterized at the constant heat flux and on irradiating of a laser. The temperature of constant heat flux at the fixed diffusivity or time, is decreased by the pattern of exponential function as the time t or diffusivity a is increased (a=10, 100, 1000). The temperature of constant heat flux is not changed but exponentially fixed with the increasing diffusivity and the fixed time. On the other hand, the temperature of laser at the fixed diffusivity or time is decreased linearly. Our results show that the characteristics of the simulated surface temperature in a semi-infinite solid are similar to the graphs on theoretical consideration.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.625-639
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• 2020

The gamma distribution is a flexible right-skewed distribution widely used in many areas, and it is of great interest to estimate the probability of a random variable exceeding a specified value in survival and reliability analysis. Therefore, the study develops a fixed-accuracy confidence interval for P(X > c) when X follows a gamma distribution, Γ(α, β), and c is a preassigned positive constant through: 1) a purely sequential procedure with known shape parameter α and unknown rate parameter β; and 2) a nonparametric purely sequential procedure with both shape and rate parameters unknown. Both procedures enjoy appealing asymptotic first-order efficiency and asymptotic consistency properties. Extensive simulations validate the theoretical findings. Three real-life data examples from health studies and steel manufacturing study are discussed to illustrate the practical applicability of both procedures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

This paper addresses determining the location of the distribution centers in a discrete dynamic distribution system. In discrete and finite time horizon, the demands of retailers are dynamic for the periods. Some locations among the retailers can be chosen for the role of the distribution centers at the beginning of each period. The distribution centers have to be located at the location of minimizing logistics cost. Logistics cost factors are the operation cost and the fixed cost of distribution center, and the transportation cost. The distribution centers of minimizing sum of operation cost, fixed cost and transportation cost are determined among retailers in each period for the planning period. A mathematical model was formulated and a dynamic programming based algorithm was developed. A numerical example was shown to explain our problem.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.130-143
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analyze the magnitude and distribution of stress using photoelastic model with the rigid connection using T-block attachment and non-rigid connection using key & keyway attachment. The vertical load of 16 Kg was applied on the central fossa of the tooth, the pontic and the implant, and the pattern and distribution under each condition was analyzed. The following results were obtained : 1. In case of vertical load on the central fossa of the implant, the stress was concentrated at the apex of the implant involving the mesial alveolar bone in both fixed partial denture with the rigid connection and that with the nonrigid connection and the stress concentration at the mesial cervical area of the implant was a little more in the nonrigid connection than in the rigid connection. 2. In case of vertical load on the central fossa of the pontic, the stress was concentrated at the apex of 2nd bicuspid in both 3 unit fixed partial denture with nonrigid connection and that with the rigid connection. The stress was more concentrated at the mesial alveolar bone of the implant, but the stress distribution at the natural teeth more favorable at the rigid connection than at the non-rigid connection in case of 4 unit fixed partial denture. 3. In case of vertical load of the central fossa of the 2nd bicuspid, much stress with 3 fringe order was observed at the apex of the 2nd bicuspid in the 3 unit fixed partial denture, but relatively even stress distribution was observed at the apex of the implant, the 1st and 2nd bicuspid, and the adjacent cuspid in the 4 unit fixed partial denture.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2018

The wedge filter has two movements, fixed and dynamic. In this study, the depth dose distribution was analyzed to determine the stability of the dose distribution and dose volume histograms obtained by evaluating the usability of the critical normal tissue dose around the tumor dose. The depth dose was analyzed from the dose distribution from a Linac (6 MV and 10 MV irradiation field of energy $20{\times}20cm^2$, wedge filter with a SSD of 100 cm and $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ Y1-in (Left -7 cm), Y2-out(Right +7 cm). To analyze the fluctuations of the depth dose, a fixed wedge and dynamic wedge toe portion was examined according to the energy and angle because the size of the fluctuations was included in the error bound and did not show significant differences. The neck, breast, and pelvic dosimetry in tumor tissue are measured more commonly with a dynamic wedge than a fixed wedge presumably due to the error range. On the other hand, dosimetry of the surrounding normal tissue is more common using a fixed wedge than with a dynamic wedge.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.455-461
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• 2000

Logistics systems can be evaluated by how productively distribution center operates, how promptly transportation vehicle dispatches, how efficiently facility layout is, and so on. In this paper, a practical vehicle routing scheme with fixed delivery time and fixed vehicle routes is introduced. The method helps the distribution center reduce logistics cost with respect to dispatching vehicles, and satisfy the customer with pre-determined delivery time window constraints. A case study has shown that the proposed scheme not only generates a feasible schedule with time windows, but also balances material flow in warehouse.