• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.139-156
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify the independent tendency of single women, certainly worthy of study in considering their size, their growth, and their purchasing power, and to examine their effects on consumption values and clothing benefits. The data were collected from self-administrated questionnaire with 537 single women in their 20�s and 30�s on May in 2005. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, K-means cluster, one way ANOVA and chi-square. Factor analysis on independent tendency resulted in three dimensional structures: marriage-independent tendency, physical independence, social independence. Five dimensions of consumption values were identified by factor analysis: conspicuous, pro-environmental. economic, enjoyable, aesthetic values. Five dimensions of clothing benefits were identified by factor analysis: individuality, well-known brand, practicality, price, social recognition pursuit. The respondents were classified to three groups by three factors of independent tendency: high independent group, social-physical independent group, low independent group. There were significant differences among these groups in demographic characteristics, consumption values and clothing benefits.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-71
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• 2023

Purpose - This study aims to find clues necessary for the direction of leadership development suitable for the current situation by exploring the direction in which leadership has been studied from the perspective of domestic researchers, along with the arrangement of leadership theories studied in various ways. Research design, data, and methodology - A total of 7,425 papers were obtained due to the search, and 5,810 papers with English abstracts were used for analysis. For analysis, word frequency analysis, word clouding, and co-occurrence were confirmed using Python 3.7. In addition, after classifying topics related to research trends through BERTopic and LDA, trends were identified through dynamic topic modeling and OLS regression analysis. Result - As a result of the BERTopic, 14 topics such as 'Leadership management and performance' and 'Sports leadership' were derived. As a result of conducting LDA on 1,976 outliers, five topics were derived. As a result of trend analysis on topics by year, it was confirmed that five topics, such as 'military police leadership' received relative attention. Conclusion - Through the results of this study, a study on the reinterpretation of past leadership studies, a study on LMX with an expanded perspective, and a study on integrated leadership sub-factors of modern leadership theory were proposed.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13.1-13.12
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• 2022

Background: Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans and most animals and has a very high infection rate worldwide, including in China. The number of people infected with T. gondii in China increases with the number of cats. Objectives: We investigated the seropositive rate of T. gondii in cats over the last five years and analyzed the risk factors via meta-analysis. Methods: We retrieved 20 studies, with a total of 5,158 cats, published between 2016 and 2020, used the DerSimonian-Laird model and calculated seroprevalence estimates with the variance stabilizing double arcsine transformation. Results: The overall seroprevalence rate after sinusoidal conversion was 19.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.9-23.9; 966/5,158), lower than the domestic report from 1995 to 2015 (24.5%, 95% CI, 20.1-29.0). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies (χ² = 262.32; p < 0.001; I² = 64.6%). Regression analysis of possible heterogeneous causes and subgroup analysis showed that age and whether cats were stray or not have a significant effect on the seropositive rate. Conclusions: Articles published in recent five years suggest that the seroprevalence estimates of Toxoplasma gondii in cats has decreased. Cats, as the final host of T. gondii, are an important cause of the spread of the parasite, and this is an important concern for public health.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2013

In this study we surveyed service satisfaction for the start-up support program and measured the relative importance of the factors that influence service satisfaction. The five service factors(physical facilities, finance and accounting, human resources, marketing, product development) were used to measure service satisfaction. Typically, the relative importance of predictors is assessed by simply comparing their standardized regression coefficients. However, when the predictors are correlated, regression coefficients cannot be used to explain variance shared by two or more predictors. The dominance analysis used by many researchers in recent years to measure the relative importance of predictor variables. In this article, we applied it in satisfaction research for the start-up support program. The results obtained by the dominance analysis are compared with the results obtained by multiple regression analysis. And satisfaction and relative importance of the five factors are analyzed by entrepreneurship motivation. These findings will contribute to the marketing research field relating to service satisfaction. Service satisfaction for the start-up support program can improve based on this study.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.137-142
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the features that make residents feel “at home” in ALFs in Southwest Virginia and to suggest further policy and design guidelines for better Quality of ALFs as a “home.” For this purpose, residents' needs, experiences, and opinions of the physical environment, the social environment, and the organizational environments such as policies and programs of ALFs were identified. As a multi-case study, five ALFs in Southwest Virginia were studied using constant comparative methos of data analysis. In addition to face-to-face interviews with 25 residents and five administrators of five ALFs, observations were conducted with personal journal. Overall, the five sites selected presented homelike features showing the philosophy of assisted living which combines housing and services. Each facility was designed to be a single-family house or multi-family dwelling in outside appearance. As a whole, residents felt isolation and loneliness and they did not have active interaction with other residents because of diverse background among the residents. However, all of them had close relationships with the staff. The staff's attitude and behavior seemed to influence greatly the residents' feeling “at home.” Despite the provision of diverse activities by the facilities, many residents did not participate in the programs. Most of the residents agreed that the rule and regulations were fair. In spite of high satisfaction with the facility, many people did not think of their current dwelling as a real ‘home.’ As the biggest difference between living in their own homes and living in the ALF, people pointed out a lack of independence, freedom, and autonomy. Residents of ALFs may have reordered their priorities in their current life situation so that safety, security, and care were more important to them than feeling “at home.” Among the three factors --physical, social, and organizational-- that affect the residents' perception of ALFs as a “home, ” many emphasized the importance of social factors such as relationships with the staff and residents, and social support from their family or friends.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the variables that lead consumers to visit traditional markets and buy market goods. Thus, the current research examined the relationship between satisfaction and return intention as among the factors influencing loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study was conducted to examine the effects of the perceived level of factors on loyalty and how it influenced consumers' visits to traditional markets in 125 adult adolescents and women living in Mok-po area. The results of the questionnaire were obtained. The statistical data of the questionnaire were verified by SPSS. Results - In this study, consumers' perception level of eight loyalty factors can be perceived by the traditional Korean market. The empirical analysis is summarized as follows. First, by selecting five representative variables influencing intention to return to traditional markets, Mok-po area consumers were affected by the intention to revisit according to the intensity of recognition level among these variables. Second, the higher the perceived level of product price, quality of access (accessibility) among the factors that consumers perceive as important factors in visiting traditional markets were heightened. Third, Mokpo residents are aware of the main important factors of visiting the market such as receiving a friendly atmosphere (image) about traditional market, market environment (hygiene and cleanliness), connection with the local economy, and customer service such as kindness, refund and return. These loyalty factors did not affect consumers' intention to revisit. In other words, image, environment, regional economic linkage, and these factors did not have a positive effect on revisit intention. Conclusions - The empirical analysis of this study suggests that factors that directly affect loyalty among the key factors that play a major role in visiting traditional markets should be identified and developed as loyalty factors. It is necessary to identify the key factors influencing the satisfaction and loyalty of traditional market users, and operate a system that systematically and comprehensively manages and evaluates them. In order to do this, the government, the local governments, and related organizations should regularly conduct loyalty and satisfaction surveys on visa recognition levels and establish strategies for dramatic improvement measures.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 1992

To identify pretreatment prognostic factors in locally advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix, retrospective analysis was undertaken of 154 patients treated with curative radiation therapy at Seoul National University Hospital, from March 1979 through December 1986. According to FIGO classification, eight patients were stage IIIA, 134 were stage IIIB, and 12 were stage IVA. Five year locoregional control rate was $58\%$, $51\%$, and $27\%$ in stage IIIA, IIIB, and IVA, respectively. Five year disease free survival was $57\%$, $40\%$, and $25\%$ for each stage respectively. Five year overall survival was $67\%$, $51\%$, and $33\%$ in stage IIIA, IIIB, and IVA, respectively. In univariate analysis, fewer than or equal to four of pregnancies, initial hemoglobin of lower than $10\;g\%$, and pelvic sidewall invasion on CT were associated with poor locoregional control. Number of pregnancies, initial hemoglobin level, obstructive uropathy on intavenous pyelography (IVP), pelvic lymph node (LN) status on CT, and pelvic sidewall invasion on CT were significant factors in disease free survival. In terms of overall survival, pelvic sidewall invasion on CT and bladder invasion on CT were prognostically significant. In multivariate analysis, no factor was found to affect locoregional control and pelvic LN status was a sole significant factor affecting disease free survival. in terms of overall survival, the size.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-189
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• 1996

The aims of this study were to find out present situation of self-medication, and to explicate the factors affecting self-medication propensity. To explicate empirically the factors affecting self-medication propensity, a model containing five groups of determining factors such as attitudinal, behavioral, knowled해, and need of health care factors, and demographic factors were developed. Data were collected from 647 residents in Pusan and Kyungnam using the self-administered questionnaire. The major reslts obtained were as follows: First, self-medication was 32% of all utilization of pharmacy. The drugs used for self-medication most commonly were analgesics(16.2%), followed by antacids and stomachics(14.2%), dermatologic preparations(13.1%), tonics and drinks (12.6%). Second, the sources from which people obtained drug information at self-medication were label of the container(50.8%), pharmacist(32.4%), self-decision or lay person(16.8%). The experience of side effect was 10.6% of all self-medication and how people cope with was withdrawal(59.0%), consultation by pharmacist or doctor(35.9%). Third, the results of ANOVA showed a statistically significant relationship between self-medication propensity and 3 demograpic factors, such as sex(p<0.10), age(p<0.10) and job(p<0.05). Forth, the results of multiple regression analysis showed a statistically significant positive relationship betwee self-medication propensity and satisfaction of previous self-medication, knowledge of drug, drug dependency, the frequency of doctor visiting, confidence in drug advertisement, tendency toward self-treatment of the family, and job. And it showed negative relationship between self-medication propensity and confidence in the medical profession, and health behavior. The model explained 29.5% of the variance in self-medication(p<0.001).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3983-3987
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• 2012

In Malaysia, colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in males and the third most common in females. Mortality due to colorectal cancer can be effectively reduced with early diagnosis. This study was designed to look into colorectal cancer screening participation and its barriers among average risk individuals in Malaysia. A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2009 till April 2010 involving average risk individuals from 44 primary care clinics in West Malaysia. Each individual was asked whether they have performed any of the colorectal cancer screening methods in the past five years. The barrier questions had three domains: patient factors, test factors and health care provider factors. Descriptive analysis was achieved using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0. A total of 1,905 average risk individuals responded making a response rate of 93.8%. Only 13 (0.7%) respondents had undergone any of the colorectal cancer screening methods in the past five years. The main patient and test factors for not participating were embarrassment (35.2%) and feeling uncomfortable (30.0%), respectively. There were 11.2% of respondents who never received any advice to do screening. The main reason for them to undergo screening was being advised by health care providers (84.6%). The study showed that participation in colorectal cancer screening in Malaysia is extremely low and multiple factors contribute to this situation. Given the importance of the disease, efforts should be made to increase colorectal cancer screening activities in Malaysia.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.26
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• pp.181-204
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• 2008

This study is to categorize five types of conflict handling styles that employees can take when conflict occurs. The five types are integrating, avoiding, dominating, obliging, and compromising. I found these factors that explain conflicts handling styles divided them into organizational structure, task group functioning and need styles and how certain factors explain different kinds of conflict handling styles without other factors. To measure conflict handling styles, this study used the scale of conflict style devised Rahim. Data were collected by the survey method from employees engaged in the service industry located Seoul, the Province of Gyeonggi, and the Province of Gangwon. In addition, in order to prove my hypothesis, I used hierarchical regression analysis method to find the pure explanation that each factors have without multicollinearity. According to the study's result, in a person's type of needs, if the need for achievement is high, they prefer integrating style. In contrast, if the need for achievement is low, they prefer avoiding style. Also, if the need for affiliation is high, the employees prefer compromising style. But if the need for affiliation is low and the need for dominance is high, the employees favor dominating style. However, in task group functioning, group homogeneity, group cohesiveness, and group goal clarity are high, or the confidence in peers and management is high, the employees prefer obliging style to other conflicts handling styles. As well as if group homogeneity, group cohesiveness, and group goal clarity are high, it was found that they prefer compromising style. Also, if the role conflict that is related to organizational structure is serious, employees prefer obliging style, but they have weakenss in explanation. To sum up these results, if the employees have obliging style that shows lack of concerns over themselves and at the same time, have high concerns to others, is affected by task group or organization. And we can infer that the other conflicts handling styles are effected by personal characteristic.