• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to validate a scale which could measure the correct mediation behavior of parents for their children's smart media use. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 514 parents of 5-year-old children. The collected data were analyzed using Jasp. Results: First, in the primary validation process, a total of 19 items and five factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis. Through secondary validation process, we found that the scale model satisfies the goodness-of-fit evaluation criteria and is valid through confirmatory factor analysis. The newly constructed parents smart media mediation scale in early childhood emerged as a valid and reliable scale. Second, it was found that the more parents pursue 'active mediation', 'instructive mediation', and 'supervision', and avoid 'co-viewing', and 'technical restrictions', the more they had a positive effect on children's smart media usage capabilities. Third, the total score of smart media mediation for young children's parents was found to significantly differentiate young children's smart media overdependence, and self-regulation. Conclusion/Implications: The final smart media mediation scale for young children's parents was composed of 19 items, with five factors: 'co-viewing', 'instructive mediation', 'technical restrictions', 'active mediation', and 'supervision'.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.429-448
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• 2001

An analytical model incorporating bending and shear behavior is presented to predict the lateral loading characteristic for rectangular hollow columns. The moment-curvature relationship for the rectangular hollow sections of a column is firstly determined. Then the nonlinear lateral load-displacement relationship for the hollow column can be obtained accordingly. In this model, thirteen constitutive laws for confined concrete and five approaches to estimate the shear capacity are used. A series of tests on 12 model hollow columns aimed at the seismic shear behavior are reported, and the test data are compared to the analytical results. It is found that the analytical model reflects the experimental results rather closely.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2010

This paper reorganized five service qualities dimensions of ski-resorts, then derived the improvement priority order of the service quality through a satisfaction measure considering the importance. There're more competitive situations to guarantee customers using the skies and snowboards is a major sports in winter season. In these competitive environments, this paper's going to propose a predominant-competitive strategies for improving the service quality of ski-resorts. This study measured the satisfaction considering the importance of service quality target on customers has an experience ski resort service quality to improve ski resort service quality. This study using Performance Model decide a priority order about a particular item improvement, then is going to present a guideline that can improve the service quality more exactly. As a result of the study the factors that is important to the customer were prime physical factor, access, assistance physical factor, staff service and assistant service, an improvement priority order were accommodation and eating-drinking facilities, waiting time of a slope and lift/gondola, entertainment/shopping facilities in the resorts, equipment rental and lift fare.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.686-699
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to estimate deterioration factors and weighting factors in pipe network which each local self-governments takes rehabilitation and replacement work present time. Deterioration factors in pipe network are able to effected of specific province or location related with water supply. Most of water supply pipes are laid under the ground, it is hard to quantify deterioration degree of water system. Moreover, the timing and economic limitation and insufficient information on the spot survey gives a difficulty to look over how old water supply system is. Accordingly, this study collects and analyses five data as the laying environment, visual analysis, analysis of soil contents, analysis of pipe material, and questionary survey data in water pipe of A city. The deterioration factor estimates 14 factors with excavation and experimental analysis and 9 factors without excavation and experimental analysis. Also, the weighting factors are estimated by using the multiple linear regressions and the linear programming. The estimated deterioration factor and weighting results are compared the analysis result of visual, pipe material, and soil contents with the Probabilistic Neural Network Model. Consequently, the model results of estimated 9 factors in this study and 14 factors show the 1-2% difference. The result show that the proposed model could be used to decide the deterioration condition of pipe line with real excavation and experimental analysis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2022

This paper presents the axial compression behavior of partially encased composite (PEC) columns using H-shaped structural steel. In the experimental program, a total of eight PEC columns with H-shaped steel sections of different flange and web slenderness ratios were tested to investigate the interactive mechanism between steel and concrete. The test results showed that the PEC columns could sustain the load well beyond the peak load provided that the flange slenderness ratio was not greater than five. In addition, the previous analytical model was extended to predict the axial load-strain relationships of the PEC columns with H-shaped steel sections. A good agreement between the predicted load-strain relationships and test data was observed. Using the analytical model, the effects of compressive strength of concrete (21 to 69 MPa), yield strength of steel (245 to 525 MPa), slenderness ratio of flange (4 to 10), and slenderness ratio of web (10 to 25) on the interactive mechanism (K_h = confinement factor for highly confined concrete and K_w = reduction factor for steel web) and ductility index (DI = ratio between strain at peak load and strain at proportional load) were assessed. The numerical results showed that the slenderness of steel flange and yield strength of steel significantly influenced the compression behavior of the PEC columns.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.322-331
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Grit (Grit-K) scale for nursing students in Korea. Methods: The participants in the study were 277 nursing students. Their grit was verified by using self-reports and the results of a questionnaire. Grit was translated into Korean and its content validity was verified by five experts. The validity of the instrument was verified through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability verification was analyzed by using internal consistency reliability. Results: Two factors were identified through exploratory factor analysis and six items of the original instrument were found to be valid. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the validity of the instrument was verified as the model. The internal consistency reliability was also acceptable and Grit was found to be an applicable instrument. Conclusion: This study shows that the Korean Version of the Grit Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nursing students in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2011

Purpose: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of PES-NWI measuring nursing work environments in hospitals. Methods: The Korean version of the PES-NWI was developed through forward-backward translation techniques, and revision based on feedback from focus groups. An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (16.0) and AMOS (18.0). Survey data were collected from 733 nurses who worked in three acute care hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Results: The Korean version of PES-NWI showed reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha for the total scale of .93. Factor loadings of the 29 items on the five subscales ranged from .28 to .85. The five subscales model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (RMR<.05, CFI >.9). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the Korean version of PES-NWI has satisfactory construct validity and reliability to measure nursing work environments of hospitals in Korea.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1101-1110
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• 2019

This study investigated Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) of cherry blossom trails 'Cherry Road' in Daegu Catholic Univ. campus, at Gyeonsan-city, Korea. The evaluation focused on image preference and satisfaction of users i.e., students, using questionnaire surveys. A total 201 questionnaire samples were analyzed and most of the respondents were in the age group of 20. Frequency analysis was conducted on demographics, use behavior, reliability, and means. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted for user satisfaction and image preference. Over 80% of visitors came with companions during daytime. The most common motives for use were strolling and walking, event and meeting, passing. For user satisfaction the mean scores were highest for landscape beauty (4.22), image improvement (4.14), campus image (4.08). Night lighting facility received the lowest score (3.32). Factor analysis concerning user satisfaction was categorized into environment-human behavior and physical factors. Multiple regression analysis showed that the overall satisfaction of user was significantly influenced by five independent variables: 'harmonious' (β=.214), 'night lighting facility' (β=.173), 'landscape beauty' (β=.208), 'lawn care' (β=.154), and 'walking trails' (β=.123). The mean scores of image variables were highest for 'beautiful' (5.81), 'bright' (5.67), and 'open' (5.64). The lowest scores was for 'quiet' (4.47). Exploratory factor analysis led to three factors being categorized: aesthetics, comforts, and simplicity. Result of multiple regression analysis indicated that the preference of space image was significantly influenced by five variables: 'bright' (β=.397), 'refreshing' (β=.211), 'cool' (β=.219), 'clean' (β=.182), and 'natural' (β=.-142). Hence, Cherry Road has a high level of user satisfaction and image evaluation, which is interpreted as having various cultural events and value for students on campus. To improve the satisfaction of Cherry Road in the future, it is necessary to secure night lighting, to manage trash cans, and to secure rest space.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.321-330
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean self-compassion scale using data from 312 correctional workers. To validate the self-compassion scale using the collected data, correlational analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were applied. To explore relationships between the self-compassion scale and related instruments, five instruments were used (the Korean occupational stress scale, the center for epidemiological studies depression scale, the Maslach burnout inventory scale, perceived stress scale, and the satisfaction with life scale). The results showed that the collected data better fit the 6-factor model than the 3-factor and 2-factor models. There were statistically significant relationships between the self-compassion scale and five other scales. These results suggest that the self-compassion scale is a good instrument to examine risk factors that can remain during continuous stress situations and to explore protective factors that can maintain the therapeutic relationship. The implications of this study and future research directions were also discussed.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

In light of the need for a tool to evaluate the clinical practice education environment as perceived by medical and nursing students, this study is was conducted to develop and validate the Korean version of the Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (K-UCEEM) as a measurement tool for managing the clinical practice education climate and quality of education. For validation, the UCEEM consisting of 25 items developed by Pia Strand in 2013 was adapted according to standard translation procedures. The K-UCEEM questionnaire was administered to 73 medical students and 135 nursing students who participated in clinical practice at one medical institution. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to confirm the validity of the instrument's structure. In order to determine referential validity, the relationships among stresses in clinical practice were examined, and differences in factor scores were compared by gender and college. It was confirmed that the scale of 24 items and five factors showed a moderate model fitness index. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.786 to 0.867. In addition, all five factors were found to have negative correlations with the clinical practice stress sub-factor, and there were statistically significant differences by gender and college. Through this study, the validity and reliability of the K-UCEEM were verified. In the future, it is expected that further verification of the scale, as well as evaluation and improvement of the clinical practice education environment based on this scale, will occur.