• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.529-542
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• 2021

Shear connectors are required to build composite (concrete and steel) beams. They are placed at the interface of concrete and steel to transfer shear and normal forces between two structural components. Such composite beams are sensitive to provide structural integrity when exposed to fire as they loss strength, stiffness, and ductility at elevated temperature. The present study is designed to investigate the shear resistance and the failure modes of the headed stud shear connectors at fire exposure and post-fire exposure. The study includes ordinary concrete and concrete with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to build composite (concrete-steel) beams with structural steel. Experimental push tests were conducted on composite beams at ambient and elevated temperatures, such as 200, 400 & 600℃. Moreover, push tests were performed on the composite beams after being exposed to 200, 400 & 600℃. Push test results illustrated the reduction of ultimate shear capacity and stiffness of headed stud shear connectors as the temperature increased. Although similar values of ultimate shear were obtained for the headed stud connectors in both ordinary and CNT concrete, the CNT modified concrete reduced the concrete spalling and cracking compared to ordinary concrete and was observed to be effective at temperatures greater than 400℃. All specimens showed a lower shear resistance at fire exposures compared to the corresponding post-fire exposures. Moreover, numerical simulation by Finite Element (FE) analyses were carried out at ambient temperature and at fire conditions. The FE analysis results show a good agreement with the experimental results. In the experimental studies, failure of all specimens occurred due to shear failure of headed stud, which was later validated by FE analyses using ABAQUS.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.429-441
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 뿜어붙임 방식의 모르타르 내화재가 시공된 침매터널 벽체구조물을 모사한 철근콘크리트 블록시험체에 대해 $HC_{inc}$ 화재시나리오와 IS0834(4시간) 화재시나리오 하에서 침매터널 내화재의 화재저항성 평가결과를 비교하였다. $HC_{inc}$ 화재시나리오 하에서는 내화재와 시험체 계면으로부터 0, 25, 50 mm 위치에서의 최대온도가 각각 $311^{\circ}C$, $194^{\circ}C$, $142^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며, IS0834(4시간) 화재시니리오 조건에서는 0, 25, 50 mm 위치에서의 최대온도가 각각 $332^{\circ}C$, $222^{\circ}C$, $179^{\circ}C$ 측정되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구에서 적용된 두 가지 화재시나리오들은 최대온도개념에서 유사한 화재강도임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 더불어 내화재 설치여부에 따른 침매터널 구조물의 안전성을 확인하기 위한 구조안정성 해석을 수행하였다. 이때 내화재가 설치되지 않은 시험체에 대한 화재시험을 수행하여 화재에 의한 콘크리트의 단면손실과 강도저하를 확인하고 그 결과를 이용하여 구조안정성 해석을 수행하였다. 이상의 해석 결과, 본 연구에서 적용된 강력한 화재시나리오 조건에서는 침매터널 구조물의 안정성 확보를 위하여 내화재가 필수적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2018

본 연구는 하중 조건에 따른 화해를 입은 중공슬래브의 잔류성능에 대한 실험적 연구이다. 이를 평가하기 위하여, 하중조건을 변수로 하는 2개의 중공슬래브 실험체를 제작하여 ISO 834 표준화재 곡선에 따라 120분간 가열하였으며, 이를 상온으로 냉각하여 잔류 휨 성능을 평가하였다. 실험결과 하중조건에 따라 중공슬래브의 온도분포가 상이한 것으로 나타났으며, 재하 실험체가 비재하 실험체에 비해 전단면에 걸쳐 온도가 빠르게 상승하는 경향을 보임을 확인하였다. 고온으로 가열 후 냉각한 중공슬래브의 잔류 휨 강도의 경우 화해를 입지 않은 중공슬래브에 비해 34%~40% 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 휨 강성의 경우 15%~23% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 하중을 재하 한 중공슬래브의 경우 재하하지 않고 가열한 중공슬래브에 비해 약 10%의 강도 저감이 발생하였으며, 휨 강성의 경우 15% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 하중 재하에 따른 휨 균열에 의해 슬래브의 하부 주인장 철근의 온도가 비재하 실험체에 비해 높아지며, 하부철근 피복의 박리현상이 가속화되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2020

Within the French CIFRE research project COMINO, an innovative type of composite beam was developed for buildings that need fire resistance with no additional supports in construction stage. The developed solution is composed of a steel U-shaped beam acting as a formwork in construction stage for a reinforced concrete part that provides the fire resistance. In the exploitation stage, the steel and the reinforced concrete are acting together as a composite beam. This paper presents the investigation made on the load bearing capacity of this new developed steel-concrete composite section. A full-scale test has been carried out at the Laboratory of Structural Engineering of the University of Luxembourg. The paper presents the configuration of the specimen, the fabrication process and the obtained test results. The beam behaved compositely and exhibited high ductility and bending resistance. The shear connection in the tension zone was effective. The beam failed by a separation between the slab and the beam at high deformations, excessive shear forces conducted to a failure of the stirrups in this zone. The test results are then compared with good agreement to analytical methods of design based on EN 1994 and design guidelines are given.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

In this study, the fire resistance test was carried out with a parameter such as fiber(PP+NY) mixed ratio on high strength concrete with 80MPa, and the spalling resistance property was evaluated. Concrete material test was carried out with a parameter such as fiber(PP+NY) mixed ratio(0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%) of high strength concrete with 80MPa. Although the flowability and the strength capacity were delicately decreased with a increase of fiber mixed ratio, they satisfied the target limits. As the spalling resistance property after the fire resistance test of 3 hours, the spalling was partly shown on the high strength concrete with fiber(PP+NY) mixed ratio of 0% but, wasn't shown on the high strength concrete with fiber(PP+NY) mixed ratio of 0.05% ~ 0.2%.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

고층건축물의 구조부재로 적용되는 철골이나 고강도콘크리트로 시공된 경우 내화대책은 필수 불가결한 요소이며 특히, 고강도콘크리트로 적용된 경우 폭렬 등에 의한 단면결손이 발생하기 쉽기 때문에 이에 대한 대책이 필요하다. 즉, 내화성능 확보를 위해 온도상승을 허용범위 이내로 억제하는 대책이 필요하며 이 중 가장 효율적인 방법이 내화성 마감을 실시하는 것이다. 일반적으로 내화성 마감재에 사용되는 시멘트계 재료는 C-S-H, 및 CH가 단계적으로 열 분해되어 압축강도는 저하하게 된다. 내화성능을 발휘하기 위해 고온에서 강도감소가 작고 안정적인 고온특성을 보인다면 보다 효과적으로 성능 발현이 가능할 것이다. 본 연구는 고층건축물의 철골 및 콘크리트 부재의 효과적인 내화성능 발현을 위한 경량 내화성 마감재 개발을 위한 연구로 내화성능이 우수하다고 알려진 Alumino-silicate계 재료를 내화성 마감에 적용하기 위해 고온특성에 대해 검토하였다. 검토 결과, 플라이애시, 메타카올린 및 경량골재를 활용한 경량 내화성 마감재는 고온에서 비교적 안정적인 특성을 발현하여 내화성 마감재로의 효용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2012

This study is interested in identifying the effectiveness of alkali-activated fire protection material compounds including the alkali-activator such as potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash as the fire resistant finishing materials. Also, this paper is concerned with change in compressive strength and pore structure of the alkali-activated fire protection material at high temperatures. The testing methods of fire protection materials in high temperature properties are make use of TG-DSC and mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements. This study results show that compressive strength is rapidly degraded depending on a rise of heating temperature. Porosity showed a tendency to increase irrespective of specimen types. This is due to both the outbreak of collapse of gel comprising the cement and a micro crack by heating. However, alkali-activated fire protection material composed of potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash has the thermal stability of the slight decrease of compressive strength and porosity at high temperature. These thermal stability is caused by the ceramic binding capacity induced by alkali activation reaction by the reason of the thermal analysis result not showing the decomposition of calcium hydrate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2019

Steel and concrete composite structures are commonly applied in multi-story buildings as they maximise the material strength through composite action. Despite the popularity of employing a trapezoidal deck slab, limited experimental data are available under elevated temperatures. The behaviour of the headed shear stud embedded in a transverse trapezoidal deck and solid slab was investigated at both ambient and fire conditions. Twelve push-out tests were conducted according to the ISO 834 standard fire utilising a customised electric furnace. A stud shearing failure was observed in the solid slab specimen, whereas the failure mode was changed from a concrete-dominated failure to the stud shearing in the transverse deck specimen with an increase in temperature. Comparisons between the experimental observations and design requirements are presented. The Eurocode design guidance on the transverse deck slab gives a highly conservative estimate for shear resistance. A new design formula was proposed to determine the capacity of the shear connection regardless of the slab type when the stud shearing occurs at high temperatures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.533-546
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• 2023

Cost-effective solutions provided by composite construction are gaining popularity which, in turn, promotes the appearance on the market of new types of composite sections that allow not only to take advantage of the synergy of steel and concrete working together at room temperature, but also to improve their behaviour at high temperatures. When combined with high performance materials, significant load-bearing capacities can be achieved even with reduced cross-sectional dimensions. Steel-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular (SR-CFST) columns are one of these innovative composite sections, where an open steel profile is embedded into a CFST section. Besides the renowned benefits of these typologies at room temperature, the fire protection offered by the surrounding concrete to the inner steel profile, gives them an enhanced fire performance which delays its loss of mechanical capacity in a fire scenario. The experimental evidence on the fire behaviour of SR-CFST columns is still scarce, particularly when combined with high performance materials. However, it is being much needed for the development of specific design provisions that consider the use of the inner steel profile in CFST columns. In this work, a new experimental program on the thermo-mechanical behaviour of SR-CFST columns is presented to extend the available experimental database. Ten SR-CFST stub columns, with circular and square geometries, combining high strength steel and concrete were tested. It was seen that the circular specimens reached higher failure times than the square columns, with the failure time increasing both when high strength steel was used at the embedded steel profile and high strength concrete was used as infill. Finally, different proposals for the reduction coefficients of high performance materials were assessed in the prediction of the cross-sectional fire resistance of the SR-CFST columns.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2017

The strength and deformational capacity of slender reinforced concrete (RC) columns greatly rely on their slenderness ratios, while an additional secondary moment (i.e., the $P-{\delta}$ effect) can be induced especially when the RC column members are exposed to fire. To evaluate the fire-resisting performances of RC columns, this study proposed an axial force-flexural moment (i.e., P-M) interaction curve model, which can reflect the fire-induced slenderness effects and the nonlinearity of building materials considering the level of stress and the magnitude of temperature. The P-M interaction model proposed in this study was verified in detail by comparing with the fire test results of RC column specimens reported in literature. The verification results showed that the proposed model can properly evaluate the fire-resisting performances of RC column members.