• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.227-240
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• 2022

Under the Korean Enforcement Decree of the Building Act, all high story apartment houses more than 5 stories high are mandated to install a fire evacuation system to ensure safe evacuation from fire accidents and providing quick and easy bidirectional escape route when main entrance is blocked by flame or toxic smoke. However, the current fire evacuation system shows a lack of understanding from residents and thus is widely ignored for having insufficient safety functions, especially vis-à-vis fire emergencies. Studies have found that an alternative evacuation method, the escapable fire evacuation system, has been analyzed for safety evaluation compared with the conventional passive fire escape system and can bring efficient and safer solutions, providing high rise residents escape from fire accidents. Evaluation for safety evacuation has been performed by the Fire Dynamics Simulation and applying Pathfinder simulation. This resulted in providing appropriate escape routes within the safety escape time and allowed for people in high rise building fires to get to safety.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.21-28
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• 2009

In apartment buildings, casualties, especially fatalities have occurred in balcony areas in fires if residents fail to escape to the main entrance. Potential consequences of a particular infrequent event should be considered. In attempting to design apartment buildings for fire safety, alternative escape methods such as vertical penetration could be considered. The purpose of this study is to investigate present building regulations regarding apartment buildings and examine pros and cons of the current escape method and alternative escape methods. Focus group interview was conducted to discuss problems of fire escape methods. In addition, questionnaires were distributed to field professionals working in architecture, construction and related industries. Among 500 questionnaires distributed, 192 questionnaires were collected. Usable 162 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS 15. Regarding alternative fire escape methods, several concerns were mentioned. Safety, privacy, security, effectiveness of escape, water proof problems were raised. Based on the opinions, vertical penetration between apartment unit appeared more safe, secure, effective than horizontal penetration. However, both methods have its own pros and cons under specific contexts. Alternative escape methods need be considered for a selective options for residents in case of fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

As high-rise Apartment buildings increase the importance of fire prevention and escape performance. While these buildings provide dwellers with much more houses, they have the basic escape safety problem in their apartment buildings. In these respect, this study aims to present the Principles of Fire protection for the escape performance of apartment buildings. This study reviews basic theories of escape in apartment buildings. I figure out the characteristics of the fires in apartment buildings by case studying the fire in the apartment buildings, and find out the existing problems for escape performance and fire prevention by surveying. In this study, the major findings are as follows: The planning method should be based on the escape performance. In the planning stage, fire safety should be considered more seriously than law and economic factors.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

In the disaster prevention design, it is important point to secure escape way at event of fire which makes people away from the fire more quickly and safely. Development of construction techniques leads to build many skyscrapers, and skyscrapers contains various dangers and increase levels of disaster. At basic design stage for skyscrapers, evacuation scenario is considered that occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at fire, but there is no evacuation program to simulate using escape stairs and emergency elevators at the same time. In this study, evacuation simulation is performed using method of VR which is based on Virtools of 3DVIA Co., and Simulex of IES Co. for safety and effectiveness where occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at the fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1989

It has been recognized that the escape facility planning is very important for effective evacuation of accupants on fire event. The ultimate goal of the escape facility planning is to evacuate occupants rapidly from building fires to the safe areas. In fire event, occupants usually gather, utilize and finally act upon information about state transient of building fire system, which is consisted of components of fire, building and accupant during the ralatively short period of the fire event. That is, occupants' egress behavior is largely dependent upon building fire system. Therefore, comprehensive study for the relationship between building fire system and occupants' egress behavior is needed. This study aims to suggest the pre -occupancy evaluation method of the life safety performance for the architectural design based on prediction of occupants' egress behavior during building fires with computer simulation.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to know how visual-field obstruction from fire smoke influences a resident's necessary time to reach fire escape and evacuation movement in a high-rise apartment housing. Generally, fire smoke not only gives visual-field obstruction and breath troubles to residents but interrupts their evacuation behavior. If a fire smoke layer is formed in the core department when evacuee enters at the evacuation staircase until, residents will be made to undergo a range of vision obstacle. In order to set a situation like that, participants wore eye bandage which had been made especially before the experiment. Also as a comparative standard, through no.1442 Japanese construction ministry notices about the building evacuation safety verification method, this study calculated smoke layer's dissent time and evacuation time. Then to compare with the former, the participants without an eye bandage joined a experiment once again. This study has understood how fire smoke effects on one's evacuation delay by analyzing residents' evacuation time to reach the staircase and movement route, however, in this study a toxic gas is not considered because it might threaten participants not to breathe.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.247-250
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• 2008

Pressurization is a method of ensuring that protected escape routes(staircases and lobbies) are kept free of smoke for shelterers and fire fighters by raising the air pressure in these spaces above that in the main part of the building. In this study, to estimate a pressurization, the characteristics of pressure difference in a room, a lobby, an air supply shaft at several building elements are investigated with a window, the (a fire) door and a air supply damper so that information about the importance of these experimental parameters can be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2017

In case of plant accident, the most important measures that field operators, control-room operators and fire fighters must take are the escape from and going into the accident sites. These two different actions are reverse directional moving actions. By training operators and fire fighters with counter-accident path taking measurements, we can prevent the small accidents from becoming large-scale accidents, and can take efficient measurements in case of actual plant accidents. Out of necessities of path-taking training, in this research, we developed the escape and rescue path-taking method for plant accident response training. We can calculate the escape and rescue routes from a operator or fire fighter's current location as of accident happening and provide route data which in turn can be used as the safety training scenario. We expect this path-taking method can enhance the effectiveness and reality of escape and rescue training scenarios.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

Because recently(July 14, 2011) fire occurred in the engine room of a moving taxi under Namsan Tunnel 1, 51 vehicles' driver and more than 250 passengers in the road tunnel were urgently evacuated with abandoned vehicles. Vehicle fires in Namsan Tunnel that day, Sufferers struggled to escape quickly difficult to escape the two-way by abandoned vehicles on the road and to fear many casualties by using vehicle fuel and combustible interior and the driver who is ignorant of vehicle accident continuous entered in the road tunnel had accessibility the site of fire department was more difficult. In this study, It is to investigate structure and basic materials, such as fire extinguish equipment and facilities for damage prevention and to analyze the problems and to plan improvement method of fire extinguish equipment, facilities for damage prevention and transportation facilities(Large traffic signs, Breaker, etc.) on the Namsan Tunnel that in the long-term plan is prepared to strengthen for accessibility of the site of fire department in case of Vehicle's fire.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.616-622
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• 2000

This paper concerns the application of smoke and fire spread to road tunnel fire problems. When a road tunnel is on fire. a fire protection system of road tunnel have to offer an adequate escape space to human. Therefore, this study carried out a simulation for predicting a spreading path of smoke and fire. The evolution of the flow field is simulated with the low Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm based on the finite volume method.