• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.636-641
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• 2012

In this study, we have investigated highly efficient nanoscale surface corrugated light emitting diodes (LEDs) for the enhancement of light extraction efficiency (LEE) of nitride semiconductor LEDs. Nanoscale indium tin oxide (ITO) surface corrugations are fabricated by using the conformal nanoimprint technique; it was possible to observe an enhancement of LEE for the ITO surface corrugated LEDs. By incorporating this novel method, we determined that the total output power of the surface corrugated LEDs were enhanced by 45.6% for patterned sapphire substrate LEDs and by 41.9% for flat c-plane substrate LEDs. The enhancement of LEE through nanoscale surface corrugations was studied using 3-dimensional Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) calculation. From the FDTD calculations, we were able to separate the light extraction from the top and bottom sides of device. This process revealed that light extraction from the top and bottom sides of a device strongly depends on the substrate and the surface corrugation. We found that enhanced LEE could be understood through the mechanism of enhanced light transmission due to refractive index matching and the increase of light scattering from the corrugated surface. LEE calculations for the encapsulated LEDs devices also revealed that low LEE enhancement is expected after encapsulation due to the reduction of the refractive index contrast.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 1998

In this paper, characteristics of the wide band microstrip antennas with parasistic element are analyzed by the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) method, and antenna parameters are optimized to get maximum bandwidth, retern loss, input impedance, and radiation pattern are calculated by Founier transforming the time domain results. The characteristics of the antenna are varied and the bandwidth of the antenna is broaded as a length and a width of the driven element, a gap of the driven element and the parasitic element, a width and a length of parasitic element. So the different patchs are resonating at different frequencies and this multipule resonance increase the bandwidth. The Results of the calculation and measurement, the size of the antenna with parasitic element is about a twice larger than a microstrip antenna, but bandwidth is four times better than a microstrip antenna. And these results were in relatively good accordance with the measured values.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

This paper reports the frequency characteristics and the time response of parallel adjacent-transmission lines, crossed adjacent-transmission lines and parallel adjacent-transmission lines which are on the different planes by using FDTD-PML method. In the parallel adjacent-transmission lines, the crosstalks as a function of horizontal distance are calculated and in the crossed adjacent- transmission lines, the crosstalks as a function of vertical distance are simulated. Also, the crosstalks as functions of horizontal and vertical distances are measured and analyzed in the parallel adjacent-transmission lines which are on the different planes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.12 s.103
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 2005

Analysis on the field uniformity inside of a reverberation chamber was done at 2.45 GHz which is an operating frequency of MWO(Microwave Oven). The Schroeder's Quadratic Residue Diffuser was designed for the chamber, and 3 different types of diffusers have been investigated using the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method for the field characteristics of each type. Type 2 and 3 diffusers were filled with dielectric material, and the size of these could be designed smaller than Type 1, without degradation of field characteristic. Type 3 diffuser shows better results among the three types of diffusers in view of increased test region and better field uniformity.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.496-503
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• 2023

We present a detailed analysis of the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of a core-shell nanorod light emitting diode (LED) using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. We found that the LEE has a deep dependence on source positions and polarization directions based on the calculated LEE results for every x and z position inside the core-shell nanorod structure. The LEEs are different for the upper part (pyramid) and the lower part (sidewall) of the core-shell nanorod owing to total internal reflection (TIR) and the generated optical modes in the structure. As a result, the LEE of sidewall is much larger than that of pyramid. The averaged LEE of the core-shell nanorod LED is also investigated with variable p-GaN thickness, n-GaN thickness, and height for the design guidelines for the optimized LEE of core-shell nanorod LEDs.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.373-378
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• 2002

This paper presents the results of an electromagnetic field uniformity of a triangular reverberation chamber that can be used alternatively for analysis and measurement of electromagnetic interference and immunity test. Equilateral triangular reverberation chamber and Schroeder diffusers were designed and fabricated for this purpose. FDTD simulation method was applied to analyze the field distribution inside of two different types of reverberation chambers. As a result, the electromagnetic field uniformity was improved inside of triangular reverberation chambers, and the measured field uniformity was improved by 1 ∼4 ㏈ compared to the ones without diffusers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.431-436
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• 2003

In this paper, simulation results of an electromagnetic field and mode distributions in a cylindrical reverberation chamber were presented. Reverberation chamber is an alternative test facility for a semi anechoic chamber, which is widely used for the analysis and measurement of electromagnetic interference and immunity tests. The method of computing the number of modes in a cylindrical reverberation chamber was presented and the number of modes in a cylindrical reverberation chamber with the same volume was compared with the different ratio of radius to height. The FDTD method was used to produce field characteristics inside of rectangular, right-angled isosceles triangular, and cylinder type reverberation chambers with the same test volume.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.253-259
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• 2003

In this paper, the scattered field from a Pierson-Moskowitz sea surface assumed as the PEC by the Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) method was computed. A one-dimensional surface used to analysis scattering was generated by using the Pierson-Moskowitz model. Back scattering coefficients are calculated with different values of the wind speed(U) which determine configuration of the Pierson-Moskowitz sea surface. The number of surface realization for the computed field, the point number, and the width of surface realization are set to be 50, 8192, and 128k, respectively. In order to verify the computed values these results are compared with those of small perturbation methods, which show good agreement between them.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 2015

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is widely used for wire failure detection. It transmits a pulse that is reflected at the boundaries of different characteristic impedances. By analyzing the reflected signal, TDR makes it possible to locate the failure. In this study, TDR was used to detect the water leakage at a pipe joint. A wire attached to the pipe surface was soaked by water when a leak occurred, which affected the characteristic impedance of the wet part, resulting in a change in the reflected signal. To infer the leakage from the TDR signal, we first developed a finite difference time domain-based forward model that provided the output of the TDR signal given the configuration of the transmission line. Then, by solving the inverse problem, the locations of the leaks were found.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.218.1-218.1
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• 2014

In order to measure the absolute plasma density, various probes are proposed and investigated and microwave probes are widely used for its advantages (Insensitivity to thin non-conducting material deposited by processing plasmas, High reliability, Simple process for determination of plasma density, no complicate assumptions and so forth). There are representative microwave probes such as the cutoff probe, the hairpin probe, the impedance probe, the absorption probe and the plasma transmission probe. These probes utilize the microwave interactions with the plasma-sheath and inserted structure (probe), but frequency range used by each probe and specific mechanisms for determining the plasma density for each probe are different. In the recent studies, behaviors of each microwave probe with respect to the plasma parameters of the plasma density, the pressure (the collision frequency), and the sheath width is abundant and reasonably investigated, whereas relative diagnostic characteristics of the probes by a comparative study is insufficient in spite of importance for comprehensive applications of the probes. However, experimental comparative study suffers from spatially different plasma characteristics in the same discharge chamber, a low-reproducibility of ignited plasma for an uncertainty in external discharge parameters (the power, the pressure, the flow rate and so forth), impossibility of independently control of the density, the pressure, and the sheath width as well as expensive and complicate experimental setup. In this paper, various microwave probes are simulated by finite-different time-domain simulation and the error between the input plasma density in FDTD simulations and the measured that by the unique microwave spectrums of each probe is obtained under possible conditions of plasma density, pressure, and sheath width for general low-temperature plasmas. This result shows that the each probe has an optimum applicable plasma condition and reliability of plasma density measurement using the microwave probes can be improved by the complementary use of each probe.