• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-77
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to test a causal model of subjective financial well-being. The data of this research was obtained from 660wives who lived in Seoul, 1996. Major findings of this study were at follows: 1. Both employed and unemployed wives, younger managers were more likely to have a higher cohesion and adaptability between spouses. For the unemployed wives, locus of control over managers’financial situation and perception of gap between standard and level of living were significant predictors of the personal subsystem. 2. In both groups, financial planning was positively influenced by amount of saving. But amount of saving was not significant predictor of financial implementing. Financial implementing was positively influenced by locus of control, in the unemployed wives. For the employed wives, predictors of financial implementing were family income and marriage duration. 3. For the employed wives, the effect of personal and managerial subsystem on subjective financial well-being was greater than unemployed wives. 4. It was found that personal and managerial subsystems had effect on subjective financial well-being. Thus, the path model designed in this research was found to be proven for employed and unemployed wives.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-111
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• 2000

The family financial management is the important element which has a effect on the improvement of family economic well-being. Thus the study sets up human & material resources and requirement as an input factor, family financial management as an throughput factor, and economic well-being as an output factor, and then identifies if there are some relationships among them by using a systematic approach of family financial management. The questionaires were distributed to 600 employed wives by carrying out cluster sampling and disproportional stratified sampling. The 573 cases of them were used as the mean, ratio, Pearson’s Correration, ANOVA, factors analysis, and Stepwise Regression using the SAS/PC+. The major findings of the study are as follows: 1) A practical application of information as on input variable, appears the fator which has an important effect upon the throughput factor, that is, family financial management. The employed wives should manage a lot of resources in rapidly changing social-economic circustances. So it shows that not only they should take informations open to their daily life and then make practical use of them in managing their family finance, but also they must be capable of judging and accepting reasonable informations in order to gain and manage resources suitable to the characteristics of family finance and family members’need. 2) There was significant relationship between the employed wives’family financial management and family economic well-being, focused on the systematic theory of family financial management. This study provides for the information to develope the program for the employed wives’family financial planning and counseling.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.287-300
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• 2009

The study aims to investigate factors affecting subjective well-being of the pre-elderly. The factors considered were 'leisure activities', 'leisure activities', 'leisure satisfaction' and some 'background variables'. The subjects were 251 pre-elderly persons ($50{\sim}60$ years old) who completed the questionnaire assessing the variables for the study. The results include: 'Life satisfaction' of the pre-elderly is affected with the variables of 'health', 'financial situation', 'leisure activities without their partner', 'leisure activities with family', 'local community leisure activities', 'social satisfaction' and 'psychological satisfaction in leisure activities'. Their emotion is positively influenced by the variables of 'health', 'financial situation', 'leisure activities without a partner', 'leisure activities with family', 'social satisfaction in leisure activities'. and negatively influenced by the variables of 'age', 'health', 'financial situation', 'leisure activities without a partner', 'social satisfaction in leisure activities'. In conclusion, leisure satisfaction and a partner for leisure activities are more important determinants than frequency of leisure activities in pre-elders' subjective well-being.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.95-108
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was 1)to examine the effect of various stress on adjustment in terms of depression and well-being, 2) to examine whether the widow's self complexity and coping behavior mediate the effect of various stress on adjustment . The subject was composed of 117 women in the first 7 years of their widowhood. The major results of findings were as following: 1. Widows experienced children-related stress(54.7%), financial stress(47%), emotional loneliness(42.7%), relational stress(34.2%), and instrumental stress(27.4%) in their order. 2. Widows who experienced emotion loneliness had high depression and low well-being. And Widows who experienced financial stress reported low well-being. 3. When widows experienced instrumental stress, Widows who had high active coping behavior reported high well-being than widows who had low active coping behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.269-280
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• 1995

This study focused on examining the effects of Objective, Subjective variables on the household economic well-being. Data were collected from 254 financial managers in Seoul. City. Results show that the Causal model supported hypothesis. Almost of the hypothesis were supported and Perceived adequacy of resources variable was mediated between Input variables and Satisfaction with financial situation variable. The present study implicated that this model apply to family resource management research.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.527-547
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how depression, death anxiety, and social support can exert influence on the psychological well-being of elderly living alone through a parameter of resilience. A survey was conducted involving 988 elderly over the age of 65 living alone in the Daejeon metropolitan area and Chungcheongnam-do and the data were analyzed using structure equation model. The results were as follows. First, in the measurement of variables according to demographic characteristics, depression showed significant differences depending on gender, level of education, health, and financial condition, while death anxiety differed depending on gender, and level of education. Social support was significantly different by gender, age, level of education, region, health, and financial condition. The level of resilience was significantly different by gender, age, level of education, health, and financial condition. Psychological well-being varied according to gender, level of education, health, and financial condition. Second, the effects of depression, death anxiety and social support on psychological well-being were examined. It was found that depression had a negative influence and social support had a positive impact while death anxiety showed no influence. Third, with regard to the effects of depression, death anxiety, social support on resilience, depression was found having negative influence, whereas social support having positive influence. Forth, psychological well-being was positively affected by resilience. Also, through the mediated pathway of resilience, their psychological well-being seemed to totally improve when the negative factors were reduced and the positive ones promoted. This study may have some significance in reference to examine the factors affecting the psychological well-being of elderly living alone and to develop social welfare service programs and policies in the field.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial working environment and mental health of financial workers, and analyze the impact of the former on the latter. Methods: Data of 257 financial clerks were extracted from the 2017 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Psychosocial working environment was divided into five fields: demands at work, work organizations, interpersonal relations, workplace violence, and working hour quality. Mental health included sleeping problems, psychological well-being, and job stress. Results: A total of 6.1% subjects reported sleep problems, 28.2% experienced poor psychological well-being, and 39.6% had job stress. More than half the subjects were exposed to tight deadlines, complex tasks, hiding feelings at work, fair treatment, fair distribution of work, colleagues' support, and managers' support. Tight deadlines, workplace violence, long working hours, hiding feelings at work, and managers' support had a significant impact on the mental health of financial clerks. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we propose that employers, workers, and health managers in the financial industry should work together to establish a respectful organizational culture, prevent long working hours through recruitment, and conduct programs to protect emotional health.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between spiritual well-being, depression, and health status of elderly women in a community for providing the basic data necessary to improve the practice of nursing. Method: The participants were 295 elderly women, over 65 years old in Gwangju and Kyongbuk province, Korea. The data were collected between April 15th and June 15, 2003 using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS Win 8.0. Result: Factors such as religious belief (p<.001), type of religion (p<.001), participation of worship (p<.001), significance of religion (p<.001), education(p=.001), spouse(p=.015), financial supporter(p=.001), and living satisfaction(p<.001) showed a statistically significant relation with spiritual well-being. There was a negative correlation between spiritual well-being and depression(r=-0.32, p<.001),and between health status and depression(r=-0.50, p<.001). However, there was a positive correlation between spiritual well-being and health status(r=0.32, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to promote spiritual well-being in elderly women, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program classified by the type of religions, followed by studies on the results of proven intervention programs.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.557-568
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• 2012

Purpose: This was a correlation study to identify the relationship of spiritual well-being, hope on fatigue in cancer patients on chemotherapy. Methods: The subjects completed structured questionnaires: the 'Spiritual Well-being Scale', developed by Paloutzian & Ellison, 'Hope Scale', developed by Kim & Lee and 'Fatigue Scale', developed by Mendoza et al. Data were collected from 120 patientsat two general hospitals and were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA & Sheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression. Results: Participants with higher fatigue had lower scores for hope (r=-.36, p<.001) and lower scores for spiritual well-being (r=-.23, p=.011). Participants with higher scores for hope had higher scores for spiritual well-being (r=.61, p<.001). The factors seen as contributing to fatigue were hope, financial burden of treatment, period of religious life, living with spouse, and reported pain. These variables explained 32.3% of the variance in fatigue. Hope with 13% was the most influential. Conclusion: The fatigue of the cancer patients on chemotherapy can be reduced if hope is improved, and hope can be improved if the spiritual well-being is improved. Therefore, we suggest developing a nursing intervention program that leads to improve hope and spiritual well-being of the cancer patients on chemotherapy for reducing fatigue.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

The purposes of this study are to examine effects of household characteristics and risk tolerance attitude on risk tolerance behavior and to investigate the effect of risk tolerance attitude and behavior on financial satisfaction. For this study, data were collected during October of 2001 through a popular Web site for women in South Korea (www.azoomma.com). The participants in this study were 609 housewives, resulting in 607 with usable data. Multiple regression and path analysis were conducted using the SPSS for Windows. Findings suggest that the greater is risk tolerance attitude, the greater is risk tolerance behavior and those who exhibit more risk tolerance behavior tend to be more satisfied with their personal financial situation. It implies that risk tolerance behavior playa positive role in predicting financial satisfaction. The results have implication for family economists and educators in developing educational program and presenting strategic to increases financial well-being, and also for financial counselors and planners in suggesting portfolio advice to their client