• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 1999

This study investigated the location conditions, spatial linkage structures, and firm specific problems of small firms of the Greater Cincinnati metropolitan area by sectors and by areal distribution. The major locational advantages were closeness to customers and suppliers followed by accessibility to inter-state highways. These results were supported by spatial linkage structures in which within-region linkages occupied a greater portions of linkage, showing the importance of small firms in the regional economy. The linkage patterns showed distance decay effect with high elasticity. While there were no significant differences of locational conditions and spatial linkage structures of small firms between core and peripheral area, a slight difference was identified among sectors. Chemical related manufacturing firms show different locational conditions and spatial linkage structure with weak within-local linkages. The main locational disadvantages were lack of qualified labor, undesirable neighborhood, heavy tax, and space shortage. Considering the biggest problems such as lack of qualified labor, difficulties in sales/marketing, low accessibility to financial resource, and technological inability, the inter-related cooperative business networks among firms and regional institutions, consulting companies, chamber of commerce, and universities are needed to stimulate regional economic development and survival of small firms.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.716-727
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• 2015

The location and distribution of daycare centers do not reflect local daycare demand enough although government has increased facilities and financial supports to solve the low birthrate as a social problem. This study tried to examine spatial inequality of daycare center distribution by comparing the number of daycare facilities between city and rural communities in Jeollanam-Do. Analyzing the differences between city (5 Cities) and rural area (17 Guns) in Jeollanam-Do, it has been found that there were large differences in the number of available facilities per 1,000 children between Cities (10.9 facilities) and Guns as rural area (6.2 facilities). The average number of facilities in each City and Gun also showed a large discrepancy as a City has 147.8 facilities and a Gun has 15.4 facilities, respectively. There were total 78 Dong or Myeon with no facility at all as a dead zone of daycare, and 8 of them were Myeons in cities with 560 children, which accounted for 0.7% of total population of children in cities. On the other hand, 70 Myeons in Guns with 5,269 children have no facilities at all, which accounted for 11% of total population of children in Guns. Public facilities that parents prefer were more in cities (87) than Guns (28). Therefore, it is necessary to consider various childcare policies with minimizing discrepancies between city and rural area and investigating more accurate local demands and characteristics.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2020

Family companies are the unique industry-academic cooperation-related systems of Korean universities created by universities to promote various forms of industry-academic cooperation with companies. It is important to figure out the current status of family companies in order to understand the achievements of industrial-academic cooperation projects that have been actively pursued since the early 2000s. A lot of studies on industry-academic cooperation have focused mainly on the university's position. On the contrary, this study focuses on understanding the current status of the family company system and the status of industry-academic cooperation. Introduced in 2004, the Family Company System expanded rapidly as it was used as a performance indicator for college financial support projects related to industry-academic cooperation, with 174,425 companies registered as family companies as of 2017. A survey of family companies registered in universities carrying out the LINC+ project shows that companies registered in multiple universities are increasing, with relatively high demand and satisfaction for industry-academic cooperation among companies. Family companies were found to be relatively satisfied in terms of the use of R&D equipment or joint research, while they were relatively less satisfied in terms of workforce training and retraining. While companies have assessed product quality improvements through industry-academic cooperation, they have underestimated the effect of increasing sales and reducing production costs. Further, it was found that it was urgent to expand incentive systems and improve online information services to boost corporate participation in order to enhance the effectiveness of industry-academic cooperation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.290-308
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• 2008

The industrial development of Goryeong County was started by the operation of the Ssangrym Agro￢industrial complex in the 1980s. As of 2m3, there are 6 industrial complexes in Goryeong County which account for 80 percent of total employment and 67 percent of total production outPuts in local manufacturing. The local manufacturing industries grew steadily before the 1997 financial crisis which resulted in industrial decline and have shown again a growing tendency since 2000. In this period of growth, manufacturing outPuts are increased and the industrial structure are improved, while employment and value added are in stagnation. The major industrial agglomerations are based in Gaejin-Myun, Dasan-Myun and Ssangrym-Myun, all of which are those in which the agro-industrial complex is operated. More than half of local manufacturing finns are those which came to move in from other regions, looking for cheap labour forces, agglomeration of the related finns and the easy accessibility to transport and communication. However, such local advantages are increasingly losing due to the shortage of labour forces and the lack of industrial networks. Some policy agendas can be suggested as follows. First of all, industrial policy should attempt links with the building-up of the Daegu Technopolis and the up-grading of the local industrial structure towards the knowledge-based industries. Secondly, the local government should make efforts to establish the innovation supporting system for local firms and the industrial and residential basis.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.478-501
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand spatial economic inequalities under the framework of the dynamics of economic spaces in relation to the four global megatrends: globalization, knowledge-based economy, information society, and the service world. The international inequalities in East Asia, as well as inter-regional inequalities within Japan, Korea, and Thailand were analyzed. The variables related to the four megatrends, as a whole, have clearly explained the variations in international inequalities in East Asia, as well as the inter-regional inequalities within a nation. The individual impacts of the variables on spatial inequalities are, however, significantly different depending on the spatial scale of analysis and national characteristics. Overall, there has been a convergence trend of international per capita GNI (Gross National Income) in East Asian nations, while both divergent and convergent trends are evident at the regional scale within a nation. Two global oil crises in the 1970s and the East Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s resulted in the discontinuity of the general convergence trend, and have led to the increase of international and inter-regional inequalities in economic activities. This suggests that although the effect of the global crisis differs in each country, in general, the economies of peripheral countries and regions are more vulnerable during a global economic crisis.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out about the cause and adaptation process of urban households going to rural areas for agricultural management(Kwihyang nongga) through the microscopic analysis of a case study. Research results are summarized in the followings. The cause of Kwihyang nongga before the 1980s was generally due to the social causes like the support of dependent family or rural-to-urban migrants' maladjustment in urban society. After the 1980s, however, it was related to the economic reasons such as the increase of households' income by commercial agriculture more than the social ones. Most of Kwihyang nongga was traditionally the households which came back to their native places, rural areas. Recently the urban households which did not originally come from rural areas are going to rural space because of the cultivation of high profit oriented agricultural products. Recent Kwihyang nongga increased the size of commercial agriculture through leased farmland, not by a purchase of agricultural land. Even though the number of Kwihyang nongga is now a few, it is expected that the influence of Kwihyang nongga on rural society will be various and high because it consists of young generation. The increase of Kwihyang nongga may be one of the ways to mitigate the decreasing rate of utilization of agricultural lands due to the labor shortage of rural areas after industrialization. To solve rural problems related to underpopulation, it is necessary to establish the active plicies of helping Kwihyang nongga. The actions for Kwihyang nongga ought to emphasize the improvement of educational conditions and living facilities as well as financial aids and the improvement of farming conditions.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-137
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• 2009

Recently, industrial locations have faced changing trends under the influence of emerging industries as well as advanced new technologies. So the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and locational factors of biotechnology industry formed around the Seoul Metropolitan area and Daejeon city, both of which are centers of Korean biotechnology industry, and is also to identifytheir locational characteristics. Major results of this study can be outlined as follows: First, from the mid 1990' s to 2000, Korean biotechnology industry has rapidly developed owing to central and local governmental support policies and systems as well as changes in domestic economic environment due to Korean financial crisis. Secondly, it was found that spatial distribution of Korean biotechnology industry converged on the Seoul Metropolitan area till 1990, but shifted from there to Daejeon and Chungcheong area from 1990 to 2000. Particularly after 2000, positive local governmental efforts to attract biotechnology players have driven the spatial distribution of biotechnology industry to shift from Seoul Metropolitan area and Daejeon or adjacent area gradually to other profitable locations. In terms of locational factors, it was found that the locations of Korean biotechnology industry converged primarily on university or college campus and biotechnology venture center, particularly on locations adjacent to superhighway or expressway. Locational factors varied depending on region, industrial type and business growth phase. Therefore, it is advisable that our central and local government should make and implement practical and useful policies in favor of biotechnology business depending on region, industrial type, business growth phase, rather than depending on uniform locational policies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 2003

The geography, circulation pattern, and ecology show that the semi-closed seas of Northwest Pacific be managed as one complete system. Ongoing multilateral cooperative efforts relevant to marine environmental protection in the Northwest Pacific area, include the Working Group for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC) established under the auspices of WNESCO's Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commissions, the UNDP/GEF Programme on Prevention and Management of Marine Pollution in East Asian Seas (PEMSEA), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization(PICES), and the United Nations Environment Programme(WNEP)'s Northwest Pacific Action Plan(NOWPAP). The present report firstly describes the current situations on the existing regional cooperative regimes for marine environmental conservation in the Northwest Pacific region, with a special respect to the Northwest Pacific Action Plan(NOWPAP) which was adopted in 1994 by Japan, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea and Russian Federation. Then, problems of the existing regimes are also discussed, together with the suggestion of the possible solutions, focusing on NOWPAP. Suggestions include: 1) the Northeast Asian countries should understand the importance of legally-binding regional convention, and should build up any legally-binding instrument which can function as a big umbrella for real regional cooperation without prejudice to the rights of the States, 2) At present stage, it will be possible to make a regional convention flexible without prejudice to the sovereign right of the States or territorial issues; 3) taking into account that the region often faces many generic political problems that often inhibit the effective collective actions on environmental issues, the leadership from UNEP or other international organizations is required; 4) strong institutional and financial framework should be made, and 5) multilateral efforts to respond to the new marine environmental threats should be taken at the regional level in order to protect the coastal and marine environments in the Northwest Pacific.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.459-469
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• 2017

Recently, the third mission as the new role of the university is being emphasized as contributing to the local community through active participation in local and regional problems as well as an economic contribution as an entrepreneurial university. Thus, overseas universities started various university-industry collaboration activities targeting sustainable development based on local community and improve their roles for regional regeneration and innovation. Universities in Korea also tend to set up a cooperative governance with various agents in the local community via university financial support projects by the government and started to promote the university-industry collaboration project for solving the problem of the local community. Therefore, this research tries to find implications in order to expand the role and responsibility as local university and reinforce substantiality and enhancement of university-industry collaboration through a case analysis of university-industry collaboration to solve the problem in local communities in foreign countries. In order to solve the problem of local communities based on local agents-led small-sized projects, it is requested to improve the more active role of the university, local governments and university students.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.133-157
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• 1996

Recently, international convention competition has greatly expanded with the globalization and expand of world economy. As the conventions market has grown, so have the number of places and facilities of convention competing for business, and numerous trade show and the related meetings held the several cities toward world city such as the United States, Europeans Countries, Japan, and Singapore. Convention, in general, are defined as an assembly, often periodical, of members or delegates, as a political, social, professional or religious group. Convention center means the place that hold several social, political, economic conferences and meetings, trade show, exhibitions, and events. Convention center are consisted the several facilities such as meeting room, exhibition hall, event hall. Historically, meetings, conventions, and trade show have been serviced primarily by hotel and convention centers. With the expand of world trade and flow in recent, the conventions, expositions, and meetings industry (CEMI), however, is one of the most rapidly growing industries in hospitality and tourism, and CEMI provides import effect on regional economy and regional development including regional tourism industry. This study focuses on the establishment strategies and location analysis of convention center as a agent for regional development in a case of Yosu Peninsular Area (YPA). YPA is one of the major industrial area of our country, and displays the rapid regional urbanization and social change with the construction such as Kwangyang container port facilities, Yulchon industrial complex, and the extension planning of industrial estate related to Kwangyang Iron and Steel Company, and population size of this area will be reached about two million peoples in 2011. This area, particularly, will be functioned as a major container & export port of our country after the completion of Kwangyang container port facilities in 1988. If the planned industrial estate is constructed, the convention center for conference exhibition, information exchange, and resort facilities for exhibition, international communication will be needed. In addition, resort and leisure facilities for conventions' participants need. This area, therefore, has to make the establishment of convention center for regional development in future. Thus, the major strategies and idea for establishment of convention center as follows: first, this area has requirements for resort convention center, because this area will be functioned as a major export port and industrial district in 21 century; second, in the location analysis of convention center site, Sinwol & Woongchon district, Soho district, and Yongju & Hodu district are selected as developing possible sites; third, the convention center of this area has to consist of two functions such as convention facilities and marine resort facilities; fourth, in order to establish convention center, the selection of main group, financial raising strategies, and the organization of propulsion committee for establishment of convention center are required.