• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 1987

살포량(撒布量)과 계면활성제(界面活性劑)의 차이(差異)가 glyphosate의 살초효과(殺草效果)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 계면활성제(界面活性劑) 첨가처리(添加處理)가 강우시간(降雨時間)에 따른 glyphosate의 살초효과(殺草效果)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77 및 Triton CS-7을 glyphosate에 첨가(添加)하였을 때 지시식물(指示植物)안 옥수수의 생장은 현저히 억제되었고 엽록소함량(葉綠素含量)도 크게 감소되었으며, 낮은 glyphosate 농도(濃度)에서 L-77은 Triton CS-7 보다 옥수수에 대한 생장억제 효과가 높았다. 2. 쇠뜨기와 쑥에 대한 glyphosate의 살초효과(殺草效果)는 약량(藥量)이 높아질수록 증가(增加)하였으며 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77 및 Triton CS-7을 첨가(添加)하면 보다 높은 살초효과(殺草效果)를 나타내었다. 그리고 크로바에서는 Triton CS-7의 첨가처리(添加處理)에 의하여 glyphosate의 살초효과(殺草效果)가 증대되었다. 3. Glyphosate 살포후(撒布後) 4시간 이내(以內)의 강우처리(降雨處理)에서는 쑥에 대한 살초효과(殺草效果)가 크게 저하(低下)되었으나 계면활성제(界面活性劑) L-77과 Triton CS-7을 첨가(添加)하므로써 강우(降雨)에 기인(起因)된 살초효과(殺草效果)의 저하(低下)를 줄일 수 있었다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.1437-1446
• /
• 2019

각종 개인정보 유출사고를 계기로 정부에서는 강화된 개인정보보호 대책을 시행하였고, 금융회사들은 정부 대책에 의거 개인정보 오남용 여부를 주기적으로 점검하는 등 노력을 기울이고 있지만 개인정보 오남용 문제는 여전히 개선되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 금융회사 직원을 대상으로 개인정보 오남용 모니터링 시스템을 이용한 현장실험 결과를 분석하여 오남용 문제 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 특별억제이론에 기반하여 오남용 행위자를 조치 하는 방법에 따른 오남용 방지 효과를 확인하고, 오남용 행위자들의 담당업무 및 근속연수와 오남용 행위 간의 관련성을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 바탕으로 제시하는 개선방안들이 실효성 있는 정책수립에 활용되기를 기대한다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.15-27
• /
• 2004

The Seoul Woods Design Competition in 2003 was one of the most remarkable events within the field of landscape architecture in Korea since the Yeo-Ui Do Square Park Design Competition in the mid 1990s. This study examines the overall procedure, evaluations and competition guidelines for the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition and identifies the implications and issues related to Korean landscape architecture. In addition this study analyzes the design concepts, strategies and spatial composition, and programs of five selected design worts including the best awarded work. This study also examines key features and issues from the five selected design works. Finally, this study examines a new trend of landscape design in Korea, which can be observed at the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition. In this study, it is argued that the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition had significant implications for landscape architecture in Korea. Firstly, the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition was the greatest project in Korea in terms of its size. Therefore, it shows us an enhanced status of Korean landscape architecture. Secondly, the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition provided a good opportunity to redefine the concept of 'park' in Korean modern society. Thirdly, through the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition, we can observe a dramatic change and developments in Korean landscape design since the 1990s, as well as the present status of landscape design competitions in Korea. And this study identifies an emphasis of a program in design, an evolution in ecological approach an diminishment in concern of Korean tradition, and a change in design methods and media, which are some aspects of Korean contemporary landscape design observed at the Seoul Forest Park Design Competition.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.481-493
• /
• 2011

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology provides high data rate and enhanced quality of service for wireless communications. Since the benefits from MIMO result in a heavy computational load in detectors, the design of low-complexity suboptimum receivers is currently an active area of research. Lattice-reduction-aided detection (LRAD) has been shown to be an effective low-complexity method with near-maximum-likelihood performance. In this paper, we advocate the use of systolic array architectures for MIMO receivers, and in particular we exhibit one of them based on LRAD. The "Lenstra-Lenstra-Lov$\acute{a}$sz (LLL) lattice reduction algorithm" and the ensuing linear detections or successive spatial-interference cancellations can be located in the same array, which is considerably hardware-efficient. Since the conventional form of the LLL algorithm is not immediately suitable for parallel processing, two modified LLL algorithms are considered here for the systolic array. LLL algorithm with full-size reduction-LLL is one of the versions more suitable for parallel processing. Another variant is the all-swap lattice-reduction (ASLR) algorithm for complex-valued lattices, which processes all lattice basis vectors simultaneously within one iteration. Our novel systolic array can operate both algorithms with different external logic controls. In order to simplify the systolic array design, we replace the Lov$\acute{a}$sz condition in the definition of LLL-reduced lattice with the looser Siegel condition. Simulation results show that for LR-aided linear detections, the bit-error-rate performance is still maintained with this relaxation. Comparisons between the two algorithms in terms of bit-error-rate performance, and average field-programmable gate array processing time in the systolic array are made, which shows that ASLR is a better choice for a systolic architecture, especially for systems with a large number of antennas.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2009

Diamond-like carbon(DLC) films were deposited by linear ion source(LIS)-physical vapor deposition method changing the anode voltages from 800 V to 1800 V, and characteristics of the films were investigated using residual stress tester, nano-indentation, micro raman spectroscopy, scratch tester and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FE-SEM). The results showed that the residual stress and hardness increased with increasing the ion energy up to anode voltage of 1400 V. It was also found that the content of $SP^3$ carbon increased with increasing the anode voltage $SP^3/SP^2$ ratio through investigation of $SP^3/SP^2$ ratio by the micro-raman analysis. From these results, it can be concluded that the physical properties of DLC films such as residual stress and hardness are increased with increasing the anode voltage. These results can be explained that 3-dimensional cross-links between carbon atoms and Dangling bond are enhanced and the internal compressive stress also increased with increasing the anode voltage. The optimal anode voltage is considered to be around 1400 V in these experimental conditions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
• /
• pp.1297-1298
• /
• 2006

Omega-shaped-gate (OSG) nanowire-based field effect transistors (FETs) have been attracted recently attention due to their highdevice performance expected from theoretical simulations among nanowire-based FETs with other gate geometries. OSG FETs with the channels of ZnO nanowires were successfully fabricated in this study with photolithographic processes. In the OSG FETs fabricated on oxidized Si substrates, the channels of ZnO nanowires with diameters of about 60 nm are coated surroundingly by $Al_{2}O_{3}$ as gate dielectrics with atomic layer deposition. About 80 % of the surfaces of the nanowires coated with $Al_{2}O_{3}$ is covered with gate metal to form OSG FETs. A representative OSG FET fabricated in this study exhibits a mobility of 98.9 $cm^{2}/Vs$, a peak transconductance of 0.4 ${\mu}S$, and an Ion/Ioff ratio of $10^6$ the value of the Ion/Ioff ratio obtained from this OSG FET is the highest among nanowire-based FETs, to our knowledge. Its mobility, peak transconductance, and Ion/Ioff ratio arc remarkably enhanced by 11.5, 32, and $10^6$ times, respectively, compared with a back-gate FET with the same ZnO nanowire channel as utilized in the OSG FET.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.749-755
• /
• 2001

High Electromagnetic Field (EMF) with an intensity of 1 mT (Tesla) inhibited the growth of both human normal lung and immune T cell down to $20-30\%$, compared to that of an unexposed case. The human T-cells, Jurkat, were more severely affected by EMF than the human lung cells, which showed a relatively slow cell growth and substantial releas of $Ca^+2$ (3.5 times higher than the human T-cells). However, the growth of hepatoma carcinoma, Hep3B, was enhanced by twice that of an unexposed case. The EMF intensity and exposure time did not affect the growth of the cancer cells very much, while it significantly affected the growth of normal cells. Accordingly, it is possible that EMFs may play a role in the initiation of cancer. The EMFs disturbed the signal transduction and membrane systems, such that a five times higher amount of PKC-${\alpha}$ was released from the cell membrane than in the control. Extended exposure to EMFs, for more than 48 hours, also led to 1 $90\%$ necrotic death pattern from apoptotic cell death. Finally, EMF at an intensity of 1mT with a 24-T exposure promoted the differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocytes/macrophages, possibly causing potential acute leukemia.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.1073-1080
• /
• 2013

우리나라의 주택가격은 88년 국제올림픽 대회를 거치면서 자유로운 사회 분위기 증대와 무역수지 흑자에 따른 유동성 공급확대 등이 겹치면서 급등세를 보이기 시작하였다. 이에 당시 노태우 정부는 신도시 5개 건설 등 물량확대 위주의 강력한 안정대책을 펼친데 이어 김영삼 정부도 시장 안정화 조치를 취하였다. 반면, 김대중 정부때는 경기부양 대책이 시행되었으며, 노무현 정부때는 이에 대한 반작용으로 수요억제 대책이 시행되는 등 정부가 교체될 때마다 부동산 정책 또한 냉온탕 대책이 번갈아 시행되어 왔다. 따라서, 본 논문은 역대 정부의 주요 부동산 정책들을 개괄하고 이들 정책들의 실효성(實效性)에 대해 VAR 모델을 활용해 점검해 보았으며 그 결과 단기적 정책대응은 일정부분 실효성(實效性)이 있었으나 중장기적으로는 유의미한 결과를 찾을 수 없었다. 즉, 부동산 분야 또한 시장 자율에 의한 접근이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.1263-1264
• /
• 2007

자계 유도 고상결정화(FESPC)를 이용하여 제작한 다결정실리콘(poly-Si) 박막 트랜지스터(TFT)는 비정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터(a-Si:H TFT)보다 뛰어난 전기적 특성과 우수한 안정성을 지닌다. $V_{DS}$ = -0.1 V에서 채널 폭과 길이가 각각 $5\;{\mu}m$, $7\;{\mu}m$인 P형 TFT의 이동도(${\mu}$)와 문턱 전압($V_{TH}$)은 각각 $31.98\;cm^2$/Vs, -6.14 V 이다. FESPC TFT는 일반 poly-Si TFT에 비해 채널 내 결정 경계 숫자가 많아서 상대적으로 열악한 특성을 가진다. 채널 길이 $5\;{\mu}m$인 TFT의 $V_{TH}$는 채널 길이 $18\;{\mu}m$ 소자의 $V_{TH}$보다 1.36V 작지만, 일반적으로 큰 값이다. 이 현상은 채널에 다수의 결정 경계가 존재하고, 수평 전계가 크기 때문이다. 수평 전계가 증가하면, 결정 경계의 전위 장벽 높이가 감소하게 되는데, 이는 DIGBL 효과이다. ${\mu}$의 증가에 따라서, 드레인 전류가 증가하고 $V_{TH}$은 감소한다. 활성화 에너지($E_a$)는 드레인 전압과 결정 경계의 수에 따라 변하는데, 드레인 전압이 크거나 결정 경계의 수가 감소하면 $E_a$는 감소한다. $E_a$가 감소하면 $V_{TH}$가 감소한다. 유리기판 위의 FESPC를 이용한 P형 poly-Si TFT의 $V_{TH}$는 채널의 길이와 $V_{DS}$에 영향을 받는다. 증가한 수평 전계가 결정 경계에서 에너지 장벽을 낮추는 효과를 일으키기 때문이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
• /
• pp.207-210
• /
• 2005

In order to investigate the influence of the homo buffer layer on the microstructure of the ZnO thin film, undoped ZnO buffer layer were deposited on sapphire (0001) substrates by ultra high vaccum pulsed laser deposition (UHV-PLD) and molecular beam eiptaxy (MBE). After high temperature annealing at $600^{\circ}C$ for 30min, undoped ZnO buffer layer was deposited with various oxygen pressure (35~350mtorr). On the grown layer of undoped ZnO, Arsenic-doped(l, 3wt%) ZnO layers were deposited by UHV-PLD. The optical property of the ZnO was analyzed by the photoluminescence (PL) measurement. From $\Theta-2\Theta$ XRD analysis, all the films showed strong (0002) diffraction peak, and this indicates that the grains grew uniformly with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) revealed that microstructures of the ZnO were varied with oxygen pressure, arsenic doping level, and the deposition method of undoped ZnO buffer layers. The films became denser and smoother in the cases of introducing MBE-buffer layer and lower oxygen pressure during As-doped ZnO deposition. Higher As-doping concentration enhanced the columnar-character of the films.