• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.4614-4625
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• 1978

The construction of the equipment of water utilization has been developed since the ancient Korea period, 1906 in order to develope and modernize the agriculture. As the results, 83% of total paddy field area, 1,268,949.8 ha has developed into the irrigated paddy field, and the rest of area, 17% has remained nonirrigated paddy field (due to the data of the statistics of 1975). The ratio of the irrigated paddy field area among the total weir was marked 13.14% (area, 137,926.3 ha) and the third grade of total irrigated paddy field in accordance with the facilities of water utilization. In case of Gangwon-Do, the 44.18 percentage of the total irrigated paddy field, 51,057.2ha has been and pointed out first grade. As the results, we found out the following articles : 1. The total weir, 1,641 that sumed concrete weir 647 and conventional weir 967 has been constructed and has irrigated the 44.l8% of total irrigated paddy field of Gangwon-Do. 2. These weirs have been public possession of those villages to be 96.1 percentage of total weir and was controled by them. 3. Those weirs that were constructed across tributary (first, secondary and third tributary) at vallies (elevation 100∼1,000m) have marked that 45 percentage of total number of catchment area has 100∼1,000 ha, and 70 percentage of total number of basin area has been below 10 ha and has constructed about 5 of step-shape. 4. The construction of most weirs has became generally about 50m length, about 1m height. 5. The 80 percentage of newly constructed concrete weir has aged below 10 years. It seemed that 79 percentage of conventional weir has aged over 20 years and 41% of contructed weir has needed to be improved quickly. 6. If privious weirs, 296 will constructed newly, they can irrigate 3,600.8 ha of paddy field and 45.8% of total irrigated paddy field will have been and will contribute to the production of much rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2014

Field emergence of Azuki bean is poor due to hard seed coat as compared to other legumes. In this study, an attempt was made to develop prediction method with regression analysis based on various seed vigor tests in laboratory for field emergence of azuki bean. Azuki bean seeds artificially aged to provide various levels of seed quality were evaluated by the standard germination test (SGT), cold germination test (CT), cool germination test (CGT), complex stressing vigor test (CSVT), tetrazolium(TZ) vigor test and electroconductivity test. The SGT was suitable for predicting the field emergence in the unaged high vigor seeds. The abnormal seedling percentage and shoot length in the CGT were highly correlated with field emergence of moderate vigor seeds artificially aged for 2 days. Electroconductivity, seed viability in the CSVT, and vigor and predicted germinability in the tetrazolium vigor test were also useful for predicting field emergence. Percent of ungerminated seed in the CSVT was correlated with field emergence in the low vigor seeds artificially aged for 4 days. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, seed viability in the SGT, normal seedling percentage and dry matter weight in the CGT accounted for 86.9% of the predicted value of field emergence in azuki bean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2004

In Korea, production of super sweet corn has been economically feasible and is substituting for traditional sweet corn due to better flavor in recent years. Major limiting factors for super sweet corn production are low field emergence and low seedling vigor. The optimum water potential (WP) for the priming of normal and aged seeds of dent, sweet (su) and super sweet (sh2) corns was studied to improve low seed quality. Seeds were primed at 0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, and -1.2 MPa of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solution at $15^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. Priming effects differed depending on the type of corn, seed quality, and WP of PEG solution. Although WP of priming solution did not influence the emergence rate of extremely high quality normal dent corn seeds, it reduced time to $50\%$ emergence (T50) and increased plumule weight. In contrast, the emergence rate of aged field corn was improved by seed priming at 0 MPa and plumule weight and $\alpha-amylase$ activity was enhanced. The optimum WP for both normal and aged sweet and super sweet corn seeds was between -0.3 and -0.6 Mpa. At the optimum WP emergence rate, $\alpha-amylase$ activity, and content of DNA and soluble protein increased, while T50 and leakage of total sugars and electrolytes reduced.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.204-227
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• 2018

This paper seeks to interrogate the very assumption of "sociality" in social media at a conceptual level and substantiate it with the help of information collected on aged people's use of conventional media $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ so called "social media" from the field work. Although global literature has written the obituary of mass media and promoted the "sociality" of social media, one needs to critically engage with such statement. Such statements have been an outcome of the established status of the "post broadcast" model of media where conventional media is in existence for some time and accessible to everyone in society. Further, this paper seeks to explore the interplay of new media in the life of the aged population in select areas of Kolkata city in the state of West Bengal, India. There are few studies on the ageing population's use of new media in the Indian context. While many of the studies reveal the new media literacy among the youth, this is unimportant as both the new media and the youth are relatively young as a field of research in media studies in India. What is missed in the earlier studies is, how new media plays an important function in the life of the aged population. How do older adults engage with the skilling and deskilling process of media literacy in their everyday life? And finally, do new media provide an extension to their on-going social relations? With the help of substantive details, the present study addresses the aforementioned queries.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.934-942
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• 2019

Previous studies on dry aged beef, which substantially increases the value of low-grade raw beef and non-preferred cuts, are currently limited to the observation of aged beef changes in laboratory settings or under particular aging conditions, whereas the factors influencing aging have so far been underexplored. Herein, we attempt to establish a technique for distinguishing between fresh and aged beef by observing changes in quality during beef aging. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of time on the quality of aged beef sourced from three Korean manufacturers and identified quality indicators that can be used to distinguish between fresh and aged beef, regardless of supplier. Storage/trimming/aging/cooking losses, moisture/fat/protein/collagen contents, and water holding capacity were tested as potential indicators, among other parameters. As a result, the quality of dry aged beef was shown to be supplier-dependent, which made the identification of factors for the above origin-independent discrimination difficult. Nevertheless, as storage loss, water holding capacity, and cooking loss significantly changed with dry aging time in all cases, these parameters were concluded to be potentially suited for discrimination purposes. The insights gained in this work may help promoting further research in this field and contribute to the development of a standard for consistent aged beef production.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.643-648
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• 2014

The accelerated thermal aging of CSPE (chlorosulfonated polyethylene) was carried out for 40.41, 121.22, and 202.04 days at $100^{\circ}C$, which are equivalent to 20, 60, and 100years of aging at $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The volume electrical resistivities of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE samples for 0, 40.41, 121.22, and 202.04 days were $1.107{\times}10^{14}-2.097{\times}10^{14}$, $7.752{\times}10^{13}-1.556{\times}10^{14}$, $7.693{\times}10^{13}-1.521{\times}10^{14}$, and $7.380{\times}10^{13}-1.304{\times}10^{14}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, respectively, at room temperature. The permittivities of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE samples for 0, 40.41, 121.22, and 202.04 days were $2.89{\times}10^{-11}-3.65{\times}10^{-11}$, $3.40{\times}10^{-11}-3.70{\times}10^{-11}$, $3.50{\times}10^{-11}-3.82{\times}10^{-11}$, and $3.76{\times}10^{-11}-4.13{\times}10^{-11}$ F/m, respectively, at room temperature. The EAB (elongation at break) of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE samples for 0, 40.41, 121.22, and 202.04 days were 98.8-101.3, 59.5-60.3, 37.8-39.2, and 41.8-44.3%, respectively, at room temperature. The apparent densities of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE samples for 0, 40.41, 121.22, and 202.04 days were 1.603-1.614, 1.611-1.613, 1.622-1.628, and $1.618-1.620g/cm^3$, respectively, at room temperature. The measured currents of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE and the standard sample were almost constant after 5 min of applying a 300-V/mm electric field to the CSPE. The V-I slope of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE sample was increased if the applied electric field was increased at room temperature, and the V-I slope of the accelerated thermally aged CSPE was higher than that of standard CSPE.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

Oxygen sensor taken from the aftertreatment systems of 4 vehicles which had been aged in domestic field examined for aging effects on emissions using a idel engine bench. also the artificial sensor signal generated by function generator was supplied to ECU, instead of oxygen sensor to simulate aging effects of oxygen sensor. This study shows that reduction of amplitude, deformation and shift of mean value of aged sensors seriously affect on the engine out emissions and the performance of TWC.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.45-52
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• 1993

Evaluation of structural stability of aged wharf structure of pier type is of great importance for both safety and rehabilitation, Series of field dynamic experiments were performed for berthing impact and the results were used to calibrate analysis model. Through dynamic analysis for design, berthing impact safety of old wharf structure were evaluated. In this paper the procedure and results of experiments and analysis are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.130-134
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• 1997

The structural defects, impurities, degree of crosslinking and shrinkage of 38 field-aged distribution cables have been analyzed. For the comparison of data, 9 new cables were also subjected to an analysis. It is observed that the structural defects and degree of crosslinking show a radial profile. The structural defects are different depending on the manufacturer. A large amount of impurities is present in the insulation shield, which hold true for the new cables manufactured recently. The degree of crosslinking near both shields is lower than that at the central region of the insulation layer. It was also found that, in some cal)toes, the ins난lation was not fully crosslinked. The shrinkage of field-aged cables is higher than that of new cables.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1289-1295
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• 2004

In this paper, degradation in field-aged PV modules including degradation of interconnect, discoloration of encapsulant and hot spot have been observed and analyzed. From the results, photovoltaic module installed for 6 years shows around 16 % drop of electrical properties due to the interconnect degradation and PV module passed 18 years has been found to drop of around 20 % mainly by the encapsulant discoloration. Furthermore the difference between low and high temperature of PV array at hot spot goes up to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and it leads to interconnect degradation. On the other hands, the temperature difference was observed to be around 15$^{\circ}C$ at the encapsulant discoloration spot of PV array.