• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker, is currently causing severe economic losses to kiwifruit production worldwide. The pathogen has affected green-fleshed kiwifruit cutlivars and yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars since 1988 and 2006 in Korea, respectively. In recent years, the biovar 3 strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae were introduced through imported contaminated pollens and have rapidly spread to neighboring kiwiruit orchards by secondary infection, leading to outbreaks of bacterial canker and tremendous damages on yellow- and red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars. In this review, we summarize the various management practices of bacterial canker of kiwifruit such as disease escaping, cultural practices, blocking of dissemination, early diagnosis, eradication of inoculum sources, chemical control, and trunk injection on the basis of our research works and field experiences and important research products conducted during the last three decades in the world. Finally, we propose a manual for the efficient management of the disease that can be practically utilized at the farmers' orchards in order to keep kiwifruit vines healthy in the future.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2019

Recently, as the weight of software in the weapon system increases, the quality of the software becomes a very important factor. In order to improve the quality of the weapon system software, DAPA(Defense Acquisition Program Administration) has institutionalized software reliability in Weapon System Software Development and Management Manual. The manual presents specific methods and procedures to improve the weapon system software quality. In order to meet the required reliability test standards specified in the manual, it is necessary to continuously detect and correct defects throughout the entire development period. However, it is difficult to build proper reliability test environment due to the cost of software reliability tools, setting up secured and separated network environment, and etc. Therefore, in this study, we propose an efficient environment construction method for software reliability test of defense industry field in restricted development environment and limited resources.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of lower limb strengthening training combined with electro muscle stimulation on the quadriceps femoris muscle activity of soccer players. Methods: Thirty university soccer players were selected as study subjects and divided into a lower limb strengthening training group combined with EMS (Group I) and a general lower limb strengthening training group (Group II), and 15 subjects were randomly assigned. After receiving general soccer training, subjects in this study additionally mediated lower limb strengthening training combined with EMS and general lower limb strengthening training for 26 minutes, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Quadriceps femoris muscle activity was analyzed before mediation. Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris were measured with maximum isometric contraction in the manual muscle test position in order to analyze leg muscle activity. The same items as above were re-measured and a between-group analysis was conducted after 8 weeks of mediation. Results: As a result of comparative analysis of lower extremity muscle activity between groups, the lower limb strengthening training group combined with EMS showed a statistically significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity compared to the general lower limb strengthening training group. Conclusion: As a result, it was found that lower limb strengthening training combined with EMS was more effective in improving quadriceps femoris muscle activity. Based on this study, we are going to provide basic data on the possibility of using EMS in the field of sports rehabilitation for soccer players.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.127-152
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• 2007

Objectives : To research the trend of the study related to Chuna(推拿) and to establish the direction of further studies into the Chuna(推拿). Methods : We reviewed and analyzed all theses published by Korean research institution. And these theses were classified by research institutions, published year, field of study, subject, research methods, thesis types, illness and symptoms. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Classified by the major field of study, oriental medicine accounted for 59 papers, followed by 18 in physical education and 2 in the science of nursing and medicine. 2. Upon classifying theses according to research method and thesis types, research related to clinical trial accounted for nearly half of all theses. It was followed by consideration of documents. 3. After 1998 deals with the effects of the Chuna on variable illnesses such as: ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, chronic coccyalgia, entrapment neuropathy, low birth weight infant, Bell's palsy, stress incontinence, paramenia, Parkinson disease, Bertolloti syndrom, TMJ (because of scoliosis) etc. 4. Two most widely cured illnesses using the Chuna therapy are scoliosis and HNP of L-spine. However, when considering the fact that several clinical tests and casuistics did not include research into Lumbago (including HNP of L-spine), it can be concluded that most of the Chuna therapies have been concentrated on Lumbago. Conclusion : As it can be seen in the above results, the possibility of curing illness through Chuna and the usefulness of Chuna have been shown factually and clinically through various consideration of documents, clinical trial & casuistics. Based upon such facts, it is regarded that further scientific research along with additional clinical approaches involving the Chuna should be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2016

The WMSDs are known to occur more in upper extremity than lower extremity, and such a ratio is increasing each year. The motions or repeated work requiring excessive strength beyond worker's maximum grip strength were known as a major cause of the WMSDs in upper extremity. To prevent the WMSDs in upper extremity, research on the grip strength characteristics analysis of field workers that can be used as basic data for work design and manual tool design is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify various variables affecting grip strength and is to find out the impacts of grip strength on WMSDs. This research measured the grip strength of 327 field workers at Heavy Industries, and also conducted a questionnaire survey on individual characteristics and job characteristics. As a result of analyzing grip strength, the grip strength was statistically significant (P<0.1) according to the body surface area (BSA) of the research subjects. The differences between percentile groups of grip strength were statistically significant (P<0.1) according to pain levels of hand/wrist/finger and arm/elbow. The comparison results between the average grip strength of Korean adult males and the average grip strength of the survey-targeted heavy industry workers show that the average grip strength of the heavy industry workers was higher by 9.75 kg. This study analyzed relationship between grip strength and the pain levels of hand/wrist/finger and arm/elbow, and compared the findings in this study with those of existing preceding studies. Also, this research comparatively analyzed the grip strength of Korean adult males and survey-targeted heavy industry workers. The findings of this study can be used as useful data for ergonomic work design and manual tool design to prevent WMSDs at industrial worksites, given that almost no data on the grip strength of workers in the industrial sites are found in Korea.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.543-554
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• 1995

This paper describes the improvement of driving stability and the control system for INMEL-VII which is motorized manual wheelchair to satisfy requirements of the disabled The INMEL-VI was based on high maneuverability of the omnidirection drive and safety But the results of field tests about two years showed some problems to the disabled in daily life such as driving stability, Pm switching noise, and rotation of motor without driving command on negative slope. To solve the problems due to an increased DC motor power and applied to direct connection method in INMEL- VII. It improved the driving circuits and set switching frequency to 5KHz to eliminate the switching noise caused by PWM control of DC motor, As compare with the INMEL-VI, INMEL-VII is improved in driving stability by transfer the weight center to forward. The results of field testing proved the improvement of the driving stability and software algorithm It has been estimated to have a hlgh practical use for powered walking aids to the disabled's daily life.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

Background: Pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP) has fewer systematic guidelines than pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain, previous studies have not evaluated physical therapy for this ailment in Korea. Objects: We aimed to provide a detailed account of clinical decision making by Korean physiotherapists while treating PLBP. Methods: In total, 955 questionnaires were distributed mainly in places of continuing education held by the Korean Physical Therapy Association from April to July 2019. The same questionnaire was posted on a website used by physiotherapists. We collected subject information, a specific Vignette typically represent symptoms of PLBP, and responses to multiple questions about decision making, subjective recognition and interest level in the field of women's health physiotherapy (WHPT). Results: The overall response rate was 56% (n = 537); of these, responses to 520 questionnaires were analyzed. Most respondents chose various combinations of physical therapy methods. There were significant differences in subjective recognition levels of WHPT according to gender (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.01), education level (p < 0.01), and clinical experience (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in interest according to gender (p < 0.01) and education level (p < 0.01). With respect to the types of treatment, significant differences were noted in selective rates for "manual therapy", "pain control", and "supportive devices" based on gender. Manual therapy tended to be chosen more with increasing age and clinical experience. With increased education level, there were fewer choices for the use of pain control. Conclusion: This is the first data on how Korean physiotherapists manage PLBP patients using the vignette method. We were able to recognize the Korean physical therapist's decision on PLBP patients, and observed statistically significant correlations. This may aid in developing future research and education plans in the WHPT field.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the profitability of four selective mechanization systems in rice cultivation. Methods: Field experiments were conducted in the farmers' field during the wet season (June to November) of 2015 in Bangladesh. Mechanization systems were applied to evaluate four different selective levels (treatment) in eleven consequent operations. Seedlings were raised in a traditional seedbed and trays for manual and mechanical transplanting, respectively. Land preparation, irrigation, fertilizer, pesticide, carrying, and threshing and cleaning operations were performed using the same method in all the experimental plots. The mechanical options in the transplanting, weeding, and harvesting operations were changed. The mechanization systems were $S_1$ = hand transplanting + hand weeding + harvesting by sickle, $S_2$ = mechanical transplanting + Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) weeder + reaper, $S_3$ = mechanical transplanting + BRRI power weeder + reaper, and $S_4$ = mechanical transplanting + herbicide + reaper. This experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Power tiller, rice transplanter, BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, self-propelled reaper, BRRI open drum thresher, and BRRI winnower were used in the respective operations. Accordingly, the techno-economic performances of the different technologies were calculated and compared with those of the traditional system. Results: The mechanically transplanted plot produced 6-10% more yield than the hand transplanted plot because of the use of tender-aged seedlings. Mechanical transplanting reduced 61% labor and 18% cost compared to manual transplanting. The BRRI weeder, BRRI power weeder, and herbicide application reduced 74, 91, and 98% labor, respectively. The latter also saved 72, 63, and 82% cost, respectively, compared to hand weeding. Herbicide application reduced the substantial amount of labor and cost in the weeding operation. Mechanical harvesting also saved 96% labor and 72% cost compared to the traditional method of harvesting using sickle. Selective mechanization saved 15-17% input cost compared to the traditional method of rice cultivation. Conclusions: Mechanical transplanting with the safe use of herbicide and harvesting by reaper is the most cost- and labor-saving operation. The method might be the recommended set of selective mechanization for enhancing productivity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

The penetration of outside material into skin is not easy. It is since the skin, which is a very hard barrier, protects the body against outside chemical and physical stimulation. Microneedle system which can help improve drug penetration into skin is advancing variously in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) in the field of skin care. After inserting microneedle into skin by using electrical or artificial forces, it makes microhole and drug penetration easily and induces natural skin rejuvenation. Diffusion and penetration of drug by optical and electrical force of microneedle is better for fast and effective TDDS. This is more developed than the traditional method such as the manual stamp, roller, and meso gun. The drug absorbed into dermal layer by microneedle helps revive and repair damaged skin. In the future, utilization of microneedle for skin care will progress constantly because of its human-friendly biodegradable materials and the development of the no pain microneedle.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.371-376
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• 2003

In general, the electronic forklift driven by DC motor drive system is used in the industrial field. Classically, the DC motor is controlled by speed control using proportion control method, by output torque following the load on the plane like a manual operation. But in the industrial field, the electronic forklift is demanded the robust drive mode. Some cases of the mode, there are trouble in torque and speed control following slope capacity. The control is sensitive concerning with slope angle and output speed, various control method is studied for stability of speed control. We apply speed controller for the self-tuning using DSP(TMS320F240) as main controller for high speed processor, embody dynamic characteristic of control compared the PI control to the fuzzy control.