• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.386-391
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• 2017

Two kinds of steels whose compositions were Fe-34.4Cr-14.5Ni-2.5Mo-0.4W-0.4Mn-0.5Si-(0.009 or 0.35)S (wt.%) were centrifugally cast, and oxidized at $900^{\circ}C$ for 50-350 h in order to find the effect of sulfur on the high-temperature oxidation of Fe-34.4Cr-14.5Ni-2.5Mo-0.4W-0.4Mn-0.5Si-(0.009 or 0.35)S (wt.%) alloys. These alloys formed oxide scales that consisted primarily of $Cr_2O_3$ as the major oxide and $Cr_2MnO_4$ as the minor one through preferential oxidation of Cr and Mn. They additionally formed $SiO_2$ particles around the scale/alloy interface as well as inside the matrices. The high affinity of Mn with S led to the formation of scattered MnS inclusions particularly in the 0.35S-containing cast alloy. Sulfur was harmful to the oxidation resistance, because it deteriorated the scale/alloy adherence so as to accerelate the adherence and compactness of the formed scales.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

High temperature deformation behavior of a $Ni_{30}Fe_{53}Co_{17}$ alloy, with its extraordinary low coefficient of thermal expansion less than $10{\times}10^{-6}K^{-1}$ at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 673K, was investigated by conducting a series of compression tests. From an empirical processing map, the appropriate working temperature-strain rate combination for optimum forming was deduced to be in the ~1373K, $10^{-2}s^{-1}$ region. This region has a relatively high power dissipation efficiency, greater than 0.36. Furthermore, open die forging of a 100mm diameter billets was performed to confirm the variation of thermo-physical properties in relation to microstructure. The coefficient of thermal expansion was found to increase considerably with increasing the open die forging temperature and decreasing the cooling rate, which in turn provides a drastic increase in the average grain size.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2005

The steady state cyclic mechanism, and the behaviour of Nicoseal(Fe-29Ni-17Co) have been examined under the condition of square wave stress cyclic tension creep test at the temperature, stress and frequency range of $430{\sim}470^{\circ}C$($0.41{\sim}0.43T_m$), 353~383 MPa, and 3 cpm, respectively. Also, the relationship between cyclic creep and static creep have been examined. The stress exponents(n) for the static creep deformation of this alloy were 11.6, 10.0, 8.4 and 7.9 at the temperature of 430, 445, 460 and $470^{\circ}C$, respectively. The apparent activation energies (Q) for the static creep deformation were 54.2, 51.8, 49.7 and 46.8 kcal/mole for the stress of 353, 363, 373 and 383 MPa, From the above results, it could be considered that the cyclic creep accelaration phenomena was obtained and that the cyclic deformation for Nicoseal seemed to be controlled by dislocation climb over the range of experimental conditions. Nicoseal alloy under the cyclic creep conditions was obtained as P=(T+460)(logt+17). The failure plane observed by SEM showed up transgranular fracture at all range.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

전기도금법에 의한 니켈-철 합금 도금층은 전류인가방식, 전류밀도, 첨가제, 도금 욕에서 철과 니켈에 농도비 등과 같은 공정 변수에 따라 그 조성이 민감하게 변화하고 특히 전류인가방식에 따라 도금 층의 조성과 기계적인 특성이 달라지는 경향을 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전류의 인가방식과 전류밀도 변화에 따른 경도, 내마모성, 인성,표면 거칠기 및 잔류응력 등의 기계적인 물성의 변화를 연구하였다. 전류인가방식을 직류에서 펄스전류로 변환시킴에 따라 인장강도가 15% 증가하였으며, 잔류음력이 10% 감소하였고, 내마모성이 30% 향상되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.471-477
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• 2000

Fe-Ni-Cr 합금의 용융염 부식거동을 $650~850^{\circ}C$ 온도범위에서 조사하였다. 용융염 LiCl에서 Cr을 포함하지 않는 KSA(Kaeri Superalloy)-1 합금은 Fe의 내부산화가 발생하고, Cr을 포함한 KSA-4, Incoloy 800H와 KSA-5는 LiCrO$_2$의 치밀한 보호막이 형성되었다. 혼합용융염 $LiCl-LiO_2$O에서 KSA-1은 Fe의 내부산화, KSA-4는 Cr의 내부산화가 발생하였고, Cr 농도가 높은 Incoloy 800H와 KSA-5는 $LiCrO_2$의 다공성 피 이 형성되었다. 혼합용융염 $LiCl-Li_2$O 에서는 Cr 농도의 증가에 따라 부식속도가 증가하였으며, 부식속도는 시간의존선을 8%Cr 이하의 합금에서는 포물선법칙, 8%Cr 이상의 합금에서는 직선법칙을 나타내었다. 이러한 현상은 Li$_2$O에 의한 보호성 산화물 $Cr_2O_3$의 염기성 용해기구로 설명할 수 있다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of fatigue stress on the damping capacity in a damaged Fe-22Mn-12Cr-3Ni-2Si-4Co damping alloy under fatigue stress. ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ and ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ forms by fatigue stress in the damaged Fe-22Mn-12Cr-3Ni-2Si4-Co damping alloy under fatigue stress. The ${\alpha}^{\prime}$ and ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ forms with the specific direction and surface relief, or they cross each other. With an increasing fatigue stress, the volume fraction of ${\alpha}^{\prime}-martensite$ and ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ increases. With an increasing fatigue stress, the damping capacity increases with an increase in the volume fraction of ${\varepsilon}-martensite$. The increase in the damping capacity in the damaged Fe-22Mn-12Cr-3Ni-2Si-4Co alloy under fatigue stress strongly affects the increase of ${\varepsilon}-martensite$ formed by fatigue stress, but the damping capacity of the damaged Fe-22Mn-12Cr-3Ni-2Si-4Co damping alloy under fatigue stress is strongly controlled by a large amount of ${\alpha}^{\prime}-martensite$.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2024

Additive manufacturing with 3XX austenitic stainless steels has been widely investigated during a decade due to its high strength, good corrosion resistance, and fair weldability. However, in recently, Ni price drastically increased due to the high demand of secondary battery for electric mobilities. Thus, it is essential to substitute the Ni with Mn for reducing stainless steels price. Meanwhile, the chemical composition changes in stainless steels not only affect to its properties but also change the optimal processing parameters during additive manufacturing. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the processing parameters of each alloy for obtaining high-quality product using additive manufacturing. After processing optimization, mechanical properties and microstructure of the laser-powder bed fusion processed Fe-15Cr-7Ni-3Mn alloy were investigated in both room (298 K) and cryogenic (77 K) temperatures. Since the temperature reduction affects to the deformation mechanism transition, multi-scale microstructural characterization technique was conducted to reveal the deformation mechanism of each sample.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1541-1558
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• 2023

The new Modified-690Gd alloy, namely as Ni-30Cr-(10-x) Fe-xGd (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,2.0, 3.0 wt%) for function structure integrated thermal neutron shielding has been prepared and characterized. The Modified-690Gd alloy was mainly composed of γ austenite matrix and (Ni, Cr, Fe)₅Gd precipitated along grain boundaries. The new Modified-690Gd alloy had great mechanical properties, which had the tensile strength exceeding 620 MPa and the elongation being above 50%. Meanwhile, this alloy had excellent weldability and good corrosion resistance in boric acid. The new Modified-690Gd alloy is expected to be a kind of high efficiency thermal neutron shielding materials.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2011

Nickel ferrite ($NiFe_2O_4$) powder was prepared through the ceramic route by calcination of a stoichiometric mixture of nickel oxide (NiO) and iron oxide ($Fe_2O_3$). The pressed pellets of $NiFe_2O_4$ were isothermally reduced in pure hydrogen at 800, 900, 1000 and $1100^{\circ}C$. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the reduction behavior and the kinetic reaction mechanisms of the synthesized ferrite were studied. The initial ferrite powder and various reduction products were characterized by XRD, SEM, reflected light microscope and VSM to reveal the effect of hydrogen reduction on the composition, microstructure, magnetic properties and reaction kinetics of the produced Fe-Ni alloy. Complete reduction of the $NiFe_2O_4$ was achieved with synthesis of homogeneous nanocrystalline Fe-Ni alloys. Arrhenius equation with the approved mathematical formulations for a gas-solid reaction was applied for calculating the activation energy ($E_a$) values and detecting the controlling reaction mechanism.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 및 Fine pattern PCB 표면 처리 기술 워크샵
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• pp.63-64
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• 2011

니켈 알러지를 일으키지 않는 전주 부품 개발을 위해 Ni을 대체할 수 있는 전주 소재로 Ni-Fe 합금과 Fe에 대한 전주 공정을 개발하였다. Ni-Fe 합금 전주의 경우 전주품의 표면 내식성 강화를 위해 Cr 나노입자를 이용한 복합전주를 실시하여, Ni 전주품과 내부식성, 니켈 용출 비교 분석 실험을 하였다. 또한 Ni을 완전히 배제하기 위해 새로운 시도로서 순 Fe 전주 공정 기술을 개발하였다. 제조된 Fe 전주품의 내식성 향상을 위한 실리카 코팅 등의 표면처리에 대한 효과도 분석하였다.