• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop the Home Literacy Environment Rating Scale(HLERS) and to analyze its item discrimination, reliability, and validity. The participants of this study were 438 parents whose children were three to five years old. The item discrimination, determined by comparing the highest and lowest group using Chi-square($x^2$) and Cramer's V, was found to be satisfactory. The Cronbach's $\alpha$ for internal consistency reliability was .78. Factor analysis revealed that the structure of the HLERS consisted of three factors: 'reading books,' 'reading behavior and modeling of parents' and 'literacy learning.' The concurrent validity was also identified by correlation between the HLERS and two sub-tests of EC-HOME. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the Home Literacy Environment Rating Scale is reliable and valid to examine the home literacy environment for Korean families.

• Architectural research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was; 1) to describe consumer preferences for wood~framed housing; 2) to determine factors which affect the preferences for housing environments in wood-framed housing by demographic, current housing, and wood-framed housing-related characteristics; and 3) to identify differences in preferred wood-framed housing related characteristics by demographic and current housing characteristics. From the visitors to a model wood-framed house in Seoul, Korea, 296 persons willing to live in a wood-framed house were selected as the sample for the study. Data were collected using a self-administered survey and analyzed by frequency distribution, factor analysis, chi-square test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance procedures. The results of the study Indicated that among seven factors based on 32 housing characteristics, Factor 2 - "floor plan and Interior environment" was the major variable which showed significant difference by selected demographic characteristics. Regarding the differences in wood-framed housing related characteristics by demographic characteristics, age, gender, education, and family life cycle showed group differences. Also, housing type was the major current housing characteristic to provide significant group difference in preferred wood-framed housing characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.121-136
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal resationships between children's learned helplessness, self-evaluation and the home environment which included the family's socio-economic status, parent's achieving pressure and maternal child rearing behavior. The results were as follows; The socio-economic status of home influenced on the parent's achieving pressure, maternal child rearing behavior and children's self-evaluation, but didn't influence children's learned helplessness. Parent's achieving pressure had a negative correlation with the maternal child rearing behavior and influenced children's learned helplessness, but did not influence children's self-evaluation. Maternal child rearing behavior influenced children's self-evaluation, but did not influence children's self-evaluation. Maternal child rearing behavior influenced children's self-evaluation, but did not influence children's learned helplessness directly. Children's self-evaluation had the strongest direct impact on children's learned helplessness. This was found to be a mediating factor between home environmental factor and children's learned helplessness.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.249-268
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• 2008

The Korean version of the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale for children(K-MSLSS) assesses children's subjective perceptions of Life Satisfaction(LS) in five conceptually relevant domains : Friends, School, Family, Living Environment, and Self. The purpose of the present study was to validate the five-factor structure of the K-MSLSS using Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) procedures by means of the AMOS 7.0 statistical program. Of the 681 children(10.5 years, SD=1.1) recruited from three public elementary schools in Seoul 431 children were the calibration sample and 430 children were the validation sample. Results of the analyses found that the five-factor structure of K-MSLSS is applicable for use with Korean children from 9-12 years of age regardless of gender.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to suggest positioning strategy according to franchising family restaurant brands. Discriminant Analysis was utilized to suggest methodological framework that seeks to find their relative positions in the family restaurant brands. As a result, the results show that five factors (employee service, physical environment, marketing, accessibility, and food quality) were extracted from Exploratory Factor Analysis that contains twenty three questions related to service quality of family restaurant. Second, Discriminant Analysis revealed that three factors out of five including employee service, physical environment, and accessibility showed the highest discriminant power. Based on the three factors, positioning maps were made and the location of four brands were identified. Third, service quality, satisfaction, and willingness had a significant influence on revisit intention.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2012

Objective: We performed this study to determine the association between childhood asthma and residential environment risk factors including VOCs and formaldehyde exposure. Methods: We selected an asthma group (30) and a control gorup (30) through physicain diagnosis and assessed the VOCs and formaldehyde levels of exposure of elementary school children in Seoul. Results: In the results, there were no significant differences in socioeconomic factors between case and control groups. However, there were significant differences in family asthma history, amount of sunlight, level of humidity and number of household residents (p < 0.05). The level of VOC (toluene, ethylbenzene, stylene, m,p-xylene) exposure level of the case group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05) and the result of logistic regression showed that asthma family history, amount of humidity and number of household residents were significant predictors of childhood asthma (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Some residential environments such as lower amounts of sunlight, greater amounts of humidity and smaller numbers of household residents and VOC exposure were determinded as risk factors for childhood asthma.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of family violence, peer\`s deviant behavior, school environment, and accessibility of violence through a mass media, mediated by school violence, on adolescents 'psychological & behavioral maladjustment. The present study was the primary research of developing program for adolescents'psychological & behavioral adaptation to school violence. On the basis of previous literature, the theoretical model was specified, estimated, and evaluated for adequacy of statistical fat. Subjects of this study consisted of 974 adolescents drawn from middle and high schools in Cheong-ju. The model was supported by the data. Family violence, peer's deviant behavior, school environment, and accessibility of violence through a mass media explained directly the variance of school violence and adolescents'psychological & behavioral maladjustment. The results shows that adolescents'psychological & behavioral maladjustment can be viewed as products of the interaction with environmental factors and school violence. Accessibility of violence through a mass media was strongly related to school violence. Also, school violence was the strongest risk factor in relation to adolescents'behavioral maladjustment while school environment to adolescents'psychological maladjustment. Therefore, prevention program for school violence should consider the psychological & behavioral components within the environmental context.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.165-177
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to investigate satisfaction with the function of interior space of apartment and factor which influence it, and then to provide housing practitioners with basic data for more desirable apartment interior environment. On the basis of the review of literature, questionnaire was developed. The sample was classified into type of unit floor plan and house size of 17 districts in Seoul. 139 households were selected in three districts which were the first three regions of high apartment density. Data were analyzed by computer using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, F-test, Duncans multiple range test, η2 , person's product moment correlation coefficient. the results are as follows: Factors which influence satisfaction with the functionality of interior were household size and family life cycle as sociodemographic variable, and type of unit floor plan as physical variable. It was shown that the satisfaction with the functionality of interior was related to satisfaction with the external environment. More specifically, (1)the smaller a household size was the more the owner became satisfied. (2)households were in the stage of establishment in the family life cycle and households with C type of unit floor plan showed higher degree of satisfaction. (3) satisfaction with the functionality of interior had positibly related to satisfaction with the external environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

This study was aimed at determining the characteristics of circular multi-family housing under the assumption that the shape of a residential building affects local identity. A total of six case studies were included in this study, three case studies on idle historical industrial facilities turned into residential buildings and another three on multi-family housing located in newly developed residential complexes. The study drew its conclusions as follows. First, the design of circular multi-family housing was intended to maximize security and defense from the outside in older times. This was later developed as the terrace house style with geometric urban squares designed under the urban planning of the Baroque period. This evolved high-density housing with a courtyard in the center offering a green open space, with the aim of restoring a sense of humanity. Second, the six case studies on circular multi-family housing were analyzed from the viewpoint of each factor of local identity, including historical and cultural, landscape, and community. Third, the historical and cultural elements of circular multi-family housing are found in some unused historical industrial facilities remodeled into residential buildings. They provide new capabilities and shapes desired by society at a given time, while maintaining familiar styles and elements of history, integrating a legacy of the past into the present. Fourth, circular multi-family housing with unique shapes and structures often become landmarks of a region with their distinctive appearance against a uniform urban environment and the monotonous scenery of residential complexes. They also show a high level of visual awareness with the distinctive shapes made possible when new elements are added to a historical exterior. Finally, circular multi-family housing with courtyards in the center prompt social contact between inhabitants, especially with dormitories and rental houses for the low-income bracket, which provide a small individual units with high use common space. Circular multi-family housing are planned in a manner similar to a small village or a city. They are designed to enhance sense of community, allocating various public amenities and provide cultural and commercial spaces on the ground floor and courtyard areas.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-221
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• 2008

This study examined different individual, family factors and classroom environment that affect children's perceived competency. For an analysis, achievement motivation, intrinsic locus of control and anxiety were included in individual variables. For family factors, parental support and marital conflict were examined. For classroom psycho-social environment, teacher support, peer relations, classroom involvement and teacher control were used. The sample consisted of 565 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, Factor analysis, frequency, percentage, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boy's perceived academic competency was higher than girl's. And no sex difference was in children's social and athletic competency. Second, boy's and girl's perceived academic and social competency and boy's perceived athletic competency had a positive correlation with achievement motivation, intrinsic locus of control, parental support, teacher support, peer relations and classroom involvement. And girl's perceived athletic competency had a positive correlation with achievement motivation, intrinsic locus of control, parental support and peer relations. But boy's and girl's perceived academic and social competency and boy's perceived athletic competency had a negative correlation with anxiety and parental marital conflict. Third, the most important variable predicting boy's and girl's perceived academic competency was achievement motivation. The most important variable predicting boy's and girl's perceived social competency was peer relations. And the most important variable predicting boy's perceived athletic competency was peer relations. On the other hand, the most important variable predicting girl's perceived athletic competency was father's support.