• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.299-307
• /
• 2019

Objectives: While occupational stress has long been a central focus of psychological research, few studies have investigated how immigrant microbusiness owners (MBOs) respond to their unusually demanding occupation, or how their unresolved occupational stress manifests in psychological distress. Based on the job demands-resources model, this study compared MBOs to employees with regard to the relationships among emotional demands, job resources, and depressive symptoms. Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1288 Korean immigrant workers (MBOs, professionals, office workers, and manual workers) aged 30 to 70, living in Toronto and surrounding areas. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between March 2013 and November 2013. Results: Among the four occupational groups, MBOs appeared to endure the greatest level of emotional demands, while reporting relatively lower levels of job satisfaction and job security; but MBOs reported the greatest job autonomy. The effect of emotional demands on depressive symptoms was greater for MBOs than for professionals. However, an inspection of stress-resource interactions indicated that though MBOs enjoyed the greatest autonomy, the protective effects of job satisfaction and security on the psychological risk of emotional demands appeared to be more pronounced for MBOs than for any of the employee groups. Conclusions: One in two Korean immigrants choose self-employment, most typically in family-owned microbusinesses that involve emotionally taxing dealings with clients and suppliers. However, the benefits of job satisfaction and security may protect MBOs from the adverse mental health effects of job stress.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.446-456
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for nursing programs in order to reduce depression among middle aged adults by looking at gender differences. Method: A comparative descriptive design was used. Subjects were 315 adults from February. 15 to March. 2, 2005, using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using $\chi^{2}$-test, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression. Results: $\chi^{2}$-test revealed significant gender differences in socio-demographic variables for career, drinking, smoking, and satisfaction with the spouse. The factors that influenced depression for men were stress, fatigue, job satisfaction and self-efficacy. For women, those factors were stress, family support, coping skills, and well-being. Conclusions: The results show that gender differences existed in terms of depressions, in terms of factors influencing depression. As a result, when middle aged adults are provided nursing programs, gender differences should be considered. To decrease the depression of men, nursing interventions are needed to decrease their stress and fatigue, and to improve their job satisfaction and self- efficacy. To decrease the depression of women, it is also needed to decrease their stress, to elevate their family support and coping skills, and to support them so that their well-being is perceived good.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.18-37
• /
• 1989

This study was done in order to analyze the factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' task. Interview survey was done during the period from August to October, 1986. Interviewee were 166 CHPs among total of 217 CHPs in Kyonggi province area. Multiple stepwise regression and canonical correlation analysis were used to identify major factors influenced to perform community health practitioners' task. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of CHPs 1) Personal characteristics The average age of CHPs was 37.8 years and their marital status was $77.6\%$ of married, educational back-ground was $65.3\%$ of junior college graduation. Their job career was $38.6\%$ of between 1-3 years, $33.3\%$ of between 3-5 years, $22.2\%$ of less than 1 years. Most of CHPs$(62.8\%)$ were fully satisfied with their job, $33.3\%$ were moderately, and $3.8\%$ were not satisfied. 2) Working environmental condition Only $31.7%$ of CHPs were satisfied with their working condition of primary health post, $26.6\%$ were not satisfied. Half of CHPs$(52.5\%)$ replied having good cooperation with health center, $10.1\%$ replied bad. Cooperation with health subcenter was good in $32.9\%$, and bad in $21.9%$. Cooperation with private health institutions was good in $34.2\%$, bad in $21.6%$. 2. Performance level of community health practitioners' task Among a total of 52 contents of their functions medical history taking. physical examination, referral of diagnostic laboratory work-up($(86.4\%)$, health assessment of pregnant women$(82.1\%)$, development of health information system$(79.4\%)$, supervision of health workers $(78.4\%)$, follow-up of family planning acceptors$(77.3\%)$, and follow-up of family planning acceptors' side effects$(77.3\%)$ were actively performed. Diagnosis of pregnancy$(62.1\%)$, sampling of drinking water for quality test$(52.5\%)$, making list of equipment' & supplies $(51.5\%)$, evaluation of primary health post activities $(37.6\%)$, organization of village health workers$(32.4\%)$ and management of village health workers $(30.1\%)$ were poorly performed. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of job function The factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' function were age, marital status, educational level, job career, job satisfaction, satisfaction of working environment of primary health post, cooperation of health center, cooperation of health center, cooperation of private health instiutions in orders. These 9 variables were able to explain job function from $25.7\%$ of program planning to $6.7\%$ of management of common disease. 4. Canonical correlation analysis between the performance of function and general characteristics of CHPs. Cooperation of private health institutions was found to be the factor influencing task performance of community organization, management of primary health post, technical supervision of health personnels. Job satisfaction of CHPs was also found to be the factor influencing task performance of family planning, management of common disease and maintenance of health information system.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.408-415
• /
• 2018

Background: Nursing home resident care is an ongoing topic of public discussion, and there is great interest in improving the quality of resident care. This study investigated the association between nursing home employees' job satisfaction and residents' satisfaction with care and medical outcomes. Methods: Employee and resident satisfaction were measured by questionnaire in 175 skilled nursing facilities in the eastern United States from 2005 to 2009. Facility-level data on residents' pressure ulcers, medically unexplained weight loss, and falls were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Long-Term Care Minimum Data Set. The association between employee satisfaction and resident satisfaction was examined with multiple and multilevel linear regression. Associations between employee satisfaction and the rates of pressure ulcers, weight loss, and falls were examined with simple and multilevel Poisson regression. Results: A 1-point increase in overall employee satisfaction was associated with an increase of 17.4 points (scale 0-100) in the satisfaction of residents and family members (p < 0.0001) and a 19% decrease in the incidence of resident falls, weight loss, and pressure ulcers combined (p < 0.0001), after adjusting for staffing ratio and percentage of resident-days paid by Medicaid. Conclusion: Job satisfaction of nursing home employees is associated with lower rates of resident injuries and higher resident satisfaction with care. A supportive work environment may help increase quality of care in the nation's nursing homes.

• 보건의료산업학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the effect of work-family conflict on organizational effectiveness, focusing on the moderating effect of organizational support among married working women of health services organizations. Data were collected from 149 married working women of health services organizations located in Busan Metropolitan areas by structured self-administered questionnaire. Main results of this study is as the following: First, based on the type of work-household conflicts, namely time-based conflict(2.82 points), strain-based conflict(2.81 points) and behavior-based conflict(2.69 points), working women mainly experienced time and strain-based conflicts. The level of work-household conflicts was significantly higher among younger groups, highly educated, nurses, and regular workers. Second, the perceived organizational effectiveness found to be an above-average. Especially scores were high in the subcategories of customer orientation(3.84), followed by organizational commitment (3.42) and job satisfaction(3.19). The level of organizational effectiveness was significantly higher among older groups, medical technician and administrative job holders, day-time workers, and higher income groups. Third, the results of the regression analysis on the effects of work-household conflicts on organizational effectiveness showed that strain-based conflicts have a significant negative effect on organizational effectiveness such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Fourth, organizational support found to have a strong controlling effect for strain-based conflicts on organizational effectiveness. Above results imply that practical family-supportive policies for lessening the work-household conflicts is crucial for enhancing organizational effectiveness in health services organization.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.5-33
• /
• 1995

The objective of the study are two-fold: one is to explore the relationship between environment, organizational structure, and organizational effectiveness of public health centers in Korea, and the other is to examine the validity of contingency theory for improving the organizational structure of public health care agencies, with special emphasis on public health nursing administration. Accordingly, the conceptual model of the study consisted of three different concepts: environment, organizational structure, and organizational effectiveness, which were built up from the contingency theory. Data were collected during the period from 1st of May through 30th of June, 1990. From the total of 249 health centers in the country, one hundred and five centers were sampled non proportionally, according to the geopolitical distribution. Out of 105, 73 health centers responded to mailed questionnaire. The health centers were the unit of the study, and a various statistical analysis techniques were used: Reliability analysis(Cronbach's Alpha) for 4 measurement tools; Shapiro-Wilk statistic for normality test of measured scores of 6 variables: ANOVA, Pearson Correlaion analysis, regressional analysis, and canonical correlation analysis for the test of the relationships and differences between the variables. The results were. as follows : 1. No significant differences between forma lization, decision-making authority and environmental complexity were found(F=1.383, P=.24 ; F=.801, P=.37). 2. Negative relationships between formalization and decision-making authority for both urban and rural health centers were found(r=-.470, P=.002 ; r=-.348, P=.46). 3. No significant relationship between formalization and job satisfaction for both urban and rural health centers were found (r=-.242, P=.132, r=-.060, P=.739). 4. Significant positive relationship between decision - making authority and job satisfaction were found in urban health centers (r=.504, P=.0009), but no such relationship was observed in rural health centers. Regression coefficient between them was statistically significant($\beta=1.535$, P=.0002), and accuracy of regression line was accepted (W=.975, P= .420). 5. No significant relationships among formalization and family planning services, maternal health services, and tuberculosis control services for both urban and rural health centers were found. 6. Among decision-making authority and family planning services, maternal health services, and tuberculosis control services, significant positive relationship was found between de cision-making authority and family planning services(r=.286, P=.73). 7. A significant difference was found in maternal health services by the type of health centers (F=5.13, P=.026) but no difference was found in tuberculosis control services by the type of health centers, formalization, and decision-making authority. 8. A significant positive relationships were found between family planning services and maternal health services and tuberculosis control services, and between maternal health services and tuberculosis control services (r=-.499, P=.001 ; r=.457, P=.004 ; r=.495, P=.002) in case of urban health centers. In case of rural health centers, relationships between family planning services and tuberculosis control services, and between maternal health services and tuberculosis control services were statistically significant (r=.534, P=.002 ; r=.389, P=.027). No significant relationship was found between family planning and maternal health services. 9. A significant positive canonical correlation was found between the group of independent variables consisted of formalization and de cision-making authority and the group of dependent variables consisted of family planning services, maternal health services and tuberculosis control services(Rc=.455, P=.02). In case of urban health centers, no significant canonical correlation was found between them, but significant canoncial correlation was found in rural health centers(Rc=.578, P=.069), 10. Relationships between job satisfaction and health care productivity was not found significant. Through these results, the assumed relationship between environment and organizational structure was not supported in health centers. Therefore, the relationship between the organizational effectiveness and the congruence between environment and organizational structure that contingency theory proposes to exist was not able to be tested. However decision-making authority was found as an important variable of organizational structure affecting family planning services and job satisfaction in urban health centers. Thus it was suggested that decentralized decision making among health professionals would be a valuable strategy for improvement of organizational effectiveness in public health centers. It is also recommended that further studies to test contingency theory would use variability and uncertainty to define environment of public health centers instead of complexity.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether job-seeking stress, career decision-making self-efficacy, self-esteem, and academic achievement had an influence on nursing students' happiness. Methods: The participants were 147 nursing students in D city. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 19.0 using ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Factors that had an influence on happiness included major satisfaction(highly unsatisfied ${\beta}=-.251$, p=.001), average monthly family income(between four and six million won ${\beta}=.222$, p=.002), career decision-making self-efficacy(${\beta}=.198$, p=.010), major satisfaction(satisfied ${\beta}=.196$, p=.006), and subjective health(unhealthy ${\beta}=-.167$, p=.020). These factors explained 33.5% of the variance in student happiness. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that career decision-making self-efficacy, self-esteem, major satisfaction, and job-seeking stress were important intrinsic factors in the happiness of nursing students. Thus, it is necessary to help these students attain more self-efficacy, self-esteem, and major satisfaction rather than focusing on academic achievement in order to increase their happiness.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제37권12호
• /
• pp.125-140
• /
• 1999

This study aimed to examine the sexual discrimination in the labor market. For this purpose, this study compared the work conditions, perception of sexual discrimination in the work place and job satisfaction by sex, and showed some effects of the independent variables on the two dependent variables; the perception of sexual discrimination in the work place and job satisfaction. The data were from KLFI(1995)'s National data and two OLS (Ordinary Least Square) Regression models were used. The results of this study were as follows. There were significant differences in the working conditions between two sex groups. The perception of sexual discrimination in the work place was a little low and the difference by sex was not found. The variables related to the work were more important to predict the perception of sexual discrimination in the work place rather than the general characteristics of the sample. The male workers were more satisfied with their work than the female workers. The satisfaction of their work was significantly different by the variables related to the work.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 보육교사의 이직의도에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 개인 내적 변인인 직무만족도와 환경 변인인 전문성 지원환경의 영향력을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 S, I, G 지역의 보육교사 625명(국·공립 어린이집 교사 343명, 민간·가정 어린이집 교사 282명)이며, 연구도구로는 Ro가 제작한 TJSQ, Williams가 제작한 PLEI, Allen과 Meyer가 개발한 척도를 사용하였다. 자료분석을 위해 SPSS 21.0을 프로그램을 이용하여 차이검증, Pearson 상관관계와 중다회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민간·가정 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사의 이직의도가 국·공립 어린이집의 보육교사보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 국·공립과 민간·가정 어린이집의 보육교사 모두 직무만족도와 전문성 지원환경이 낮다고 지각할수록 이직의도는 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 직무만족도와 전문성 지원환경은 이직의도를 설명하는 주요 변인으로 밝혀졌으며, 전문성 지원환경의 영향력이 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 보육교사의 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 밝혀 이직의도를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 찾음으로써 궁극적으로 보육의 질적 수준 향상을 꾀하고자 하는 데 의의가 있다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.422-435
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence HRQOL for married working women. Methods: The subjects of the study were 577 full-time working married women living in five province. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire, from April to September 2006. Results: As for the general characteristics, there was a statistically significant difference in the level of HRQOL(total) according to age, education, menopause, family income, leisure activities, residence, duration of marriage, number of children, firstborn age, household duties of husband, job, career, type of work, women's income, and purpose of working. The level of HRQOL showed a statistically significant difference according to BMI and behavioral factors except for caffeine intake and follow up health screening. The HRQOL were significantly correlated with depression, marital satisfaction and job satisfaction. The multiple regression analysis showed that the HRQOL were significantly predicted by depression, marital satisfaction, education, regular exercise, daily working hours and job satisfaction. These variables explained 48.5% of the variance of HRQOL. Depression was the main predictor of HRQOL. Conclusion: It could be concluded that nursing intervention to reduce depression should be developed to promote the HRQOL for married working women.