• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.845-853
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to predict the timing of nitrogen (N) demand through analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which are positively correlated with foliar N concentration in star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). The plants were grown in potting soil under optimal conditions for 30 d, followed by weekly irrigation with five concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM) of N for an additional 30 d. These five N application levels corresponded to leaf N concentrations of 2.62, 3.48, 4.00, 4.23, and 4.69%, respectively. We measured 13 morphological and physiological parameters, as well as the responses of these parameters to various N-fertilizer treatments. The general increases in Dickson's quality index (DQI), above-ground dry weight (DW), total DW, flowering rate, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and qP in response to treatment with 0 to 8 mM N were similar to those of SPAD, NDVI, and Fv/Fm. Consistent and strong correlations ($R^2$= 0.60 to 0.85) were observed between leaf N concentration (%) and SPAD, NDVI, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and above-ground DW. Validation of leaf S PAD, NDVI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' revealed that these vegetation indices are accurate predictors of leaf N concentration that can be used for non-destructive estimation of the proper timing for N-solution irrigation of P. lanceolata. Moreover, irrigation with 8 mM N-fertilizer i s recommended w hen leaf N concentration, SPAD, NVDI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' ratios are reduced from their saturation values of 4.00, 50.68, 0.64, and 0.137%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 1986

This study is focused on the correct measurement of the equations for the determination of the impedance parameters-the differential capacity of the double layer $C_d$, solution resistance $R_Q$, transfer resitance $R_i$, and adsorption pseudcapacity $C_{\phi}$/ The application of only an imaginary part of complex function of ${\omega}$ at the sinusoidal steady state indicates the following equations of total impedance: at low frequency $|Z_{LF}|=1/{\omega}_1\;C_{\phi}\;{\sqrt{1+{{\omega}_1}^2/{\omega}^2}$, at high frequency $|Z_{HF}|={\omega}_2/({\omega}_1{\omega}_3C{\phi})({\omega}^2+{{\omega}_2}^2)\;{\sqrt{{({\omega}^2+{\omega}_2{\omega}_3)}^2+{({\omega}_2{\omega}-{\omega_3{\omega})^2}}$. The values of the total impedance of cell, phase angle, and cell current that are necessary for the calculations of impedance parameters were experimentally measured from 200 to 6000Hz for the following supporting electrolytes, 0.5M $Na_2SO_4$, 1M NaCl, 19.373% sea water, 1M HCl, 1M $KNO_3$ and for $10^{-2}M$ KI and 60mM DBNA (Di-iso-Butylnitrosoamine) in these supporting electrolytes. The derived equations in this study shows that the values of impedance parameters of $C_d,\;C_{\phi},\;R_i\;and\;R_Q\;are\;15{\sim}40\;{\mu}F/cm^2,\;162{\sim}758\;{\mu}F/cm^2\;11.5{\sim}57.6\;ohm{\cdot}cm^2\;and\;0.5{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}4.1{\times}10^{-2}\;ohm{\cdot}cm^2$ respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.520-528
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• 2013

A 20 mm diameter of small 5-D.O.F. force sensor has been developed for applications in MR-field Optical intensity modulation was adopted for transducing to miniaturize the sensor structure. For its accurate sensing of 5-D.O.F. force/moment, the elastic detecting module was designed to respond independently to each force or moment component. And for small size, two optical transducing modules of 2-D.O.F. and 3-D.O.F. were designed and integrated with the detecting module where optical fibers were arranged in parallel to make the sensor small. It is confirmed by calibration test that the detecting modules deforms linearly and independently to the input force. The results of evaluating test show that the range and resolution of forces are ${\pm}4$ N and 0.94~7.1 mN and the range and resolution of moments are ${\pm}120N{\cdot}mm$ and $0.023{\sim}0.034N{\cdot}mm$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

A focal length-correcting lens called the F-theta lens is required to compensate for the different focus on spot size due to the deflected incident laser beam. The F-theta lens was designed by the ray tracing method and fabricated by a 3D printer with polymer-based material. The designed F-theta lens is able to compensate for the focus on spot size by an incidence angle of 0 to 2 degrees. Based on the analysis of the simulation, there was almost no aberration in the $0^{\circ}C$ incidence angle, and the maximum of $50{\mu}m$ of aberration was observed at the incidence angle of $2^{\circ}$. Diffraction-encircled energy was analyzed to characterize the designed optics, and an image simulation was performed to confirm the actual image resolution.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

Dorsal and ventral epithelium of leech, Whitemenia edentula, were observed, using both light and electron-microscope. Results are as follows. Epithelia are composed of simple columnar or irregularly-shaped epithelium, the transveral folds were seen in the cross-sectioned dorsal and ventral epithelia, but only longitudinal folds(depth $500{\mu}m$, width $350{\mu}m$) were discovered in the ventral epithelium. As to muscular tissue under the dorsal epithelium of Whitemenia edentula, that of longitudinal muscle layer is thicker and more developed than that of circular muscle layer. Seven gland cells (type-A, B, C, D, E, F and H cells) and one pigment cell (type-G cell) were discovered in the whitemenia edentula. Those were identified as three kinds of the neutral mucopolysaccharide granoles (type-A, B and F cells), two kinds of acidic mucopolysaccharide granules (type-C and D cells), and two kinds of non-reactive granules respectively (type-E and F cells). The glanules of the type-A and type-B gland cells ae electronly high-dense, and surrounded by the muscular tissue. As to the distribution of gland cells, the type-A, type-B, type-C, type-D, type-I and type-H gland cells were discovered only between the connective tissue and the circular muscle layer, while type-F gland cells were discovered only between tile circular muscle layer and the longitudinal muscle layer.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-117
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• 1981

The data about dental caries obtained from 1438 preschool children (male 797, female 641) in Seoul aged from 3 to 6 were analyzed by their sexes, ages, jaws and teeth surfaces. The results were as follows. 1. dmf rate : 92.63% 2. dmft index : 6.06 dmft rate 30.81 % dmfs index : 11.82 dmfs rate 12.02 % 3. d,m & f rate d rate: 79.45% m rate: 8.15% f rate : 12.40 % 4. dft index : 5.94 5. The order of caries susceptible tooth 1. Lower deciduous 2nd molar 2. Lower deciduous 1st molar 3. Upper deciduous 2nd molar 4. Upper deciduous lateral incisor 5. Upper deciduous cental incisor 6. Upper deciduous lateral incisor 7. Lower deciduous canine 8. Upper deciduous canine 9. Lower deciduous central incisor 10. Lower deciduous lateral incisor 6. Predilection sites of each tooth A) Deciduous central incisor ; Max. : Mesial cavity Mand. : Mesio-distal cavity B) Decidous lateral incisor ; Max. : Mesial cavity Mand. : Distal cavity=Mesial cavity C) Deciduous canine; Max. : Labial cavity Mand. : Distal cavity D) Decidous 1st molar ; Max. : Disto-occlusal cavity Mand.: Disto-occlusal cavity E) Deciduous 2nd molar ; Max. : Linguo-occlusal cavity Mand.: Occlusal cavity 7. All the values in caries criteria in 1981 were somewhat lower than in 1968, but m & f rate were increased.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.725-729
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• 1972

Ist permanent molars of 3340(1717;1623) primary school children in Kyung Nam and Kang Won province were observed. The results were as follows: 1. In dental health index of permanent 1st molars, male was 98.89, female 97.75, both sexes 95.95 in Kang Won and male was 97.94, female 96.25, both sexes 97.09 in Kyung Nam province. 2. In D.M.F. index, male was 1.11, female 2.25, both sexes 1.68 in Kang Won and male was 2.06, female 3.75, both sexes 2.91 in Kyung Nam province. 3. Female was generally lower than male in dental health index and male was higher than female in D.M.F. index. 4. Epidemiologically, Kang Won was higher than Kyung Nam province in dental health index. 5. In D.M.F. index, Kang Won province was lowest than other districts; city and farm and fishing village. In dental health index, it was increased in Kyung Nam and next was Kang Won province.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2005

200-300 nm 직경을 지닌 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드 초극세 섬유를 전기방사법으로 제조하였다. 이들을 불응화시킨 후, $800-1800^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 탄화시켜 PVdF 계 탄소나노 섬유를 제조하여 구조 및 기공분석을 하였다. 이들은 20-30 nm 크기의 탄소입자로 이루어져 있으며 탄소나노입자는 1 nm이하의 슬릿형 나노기공을 지니고 있었다. 탄화온도가 증가함에 따라 비표면적은 $1500^{\circ}C$에서 $414\;m^2/g$로 감소하였으나, $1800^{\circ}C$에서는 $1300\;m^2/g$로 급격히 다시 증가하였으며 1 nm 이하의 나노기공만을 지닌 탄소섬유가 얻어졌다. 비표면적 및 기공특성과 수소저장특성을 관계를 조사하기 위하여 Magnetic Syspension Balance(MSB)를 사용한 중량법으로 평가한 이들의 수소저장능은 0.04-0.4wt%이었다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.897-902
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a bioinformatic diagnostic system that diagnoses the patient 's health condition by using the output waveform generated by applying the impulse voltage of 13Hz to 7 body parts based on DFM (Diagnose Fure Funktionelle Medizine) theory. It is expected that the data acquired by the diagnostic system will be served as a device for diagnosing the status of the body organ as well as the mesenchymal tissue through inductive reasoning based on artificial intelligence. In this paper, we will limit the system to acquire and manage bio-signals.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1493-1503
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• 2018

We propose an object recognition system and experiential game contents using Kinect to maximize object recognition rate by utilizing underwater robots. we implement an ice hockey game based on object-aware interactive contents to validate the excellence of the proposed system. The object recognition system, which is a preprocessor module, is composed based on Kinect and OpenCV. Network sockets are utilized for object recognition communications between C/S. The problem of existing research, degradation of object recognition at long distance, is solved by combining the system development method suggested in the study. As a result of the performance evaluation, the underwater robot object recognized all target objects (90.49%) with 80% of accuracy from a 2m distance, revealing 42.46% of F-Measure. From a 2.5m distance, it recognized 82.87% of the target objects with 60.5% of accuracy, showing 34.96% of F-Measure. Finally, it recognized 98.50% of target objects with 59.4% of accuracy from a 3m distance, showing 37.04% of F-measure.