• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

This paper describes the experiments of gaze tracking utilizing a low-cost electrooculogram measuring device. The goal of the experiments is to verify whether the low-cost device can be used for a complicated human-computer interaction tool, such as the eye-writing. Two experiments are conducted for this goal: a simple gaze tracking of four directional eye-movements, and eye-writing-which is to draw letters or shapes in a virtual space. Eye-written alphabets were obtained by two PSL-iEOGs and an Arduino Uno; they were classified by dynamic positional warping after preprocessed by a wavelet function. The results show that the expected recognition accuracy of the four-directional recognition is close to 90% when noises are controlled, and the similar median accuracy (90.00%) was achieved for the eye-writing when the number of writing patterns are limited to five. In future works, additional algorithms for stabilizing the signal need to be developed.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1119-1130
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• 2018

Writing letters or patterns on a virtual space by moving a person's gaze is called "eye writing," which is a promising tool for various human-computer interface applications. This paper investigates the use of conventional eye writing recognition algorithms for the purpose of user-independent recognition of eye-written characters. Two algorithms are presented to build the user-independent system: eye-written region extraction using wavelet coefficients and template generation. The experimental results of the proposed system demonstrated that with dynamic positional warping, an F1 score of 79.61% was achieved for 12 eye-written patterns, thereby indicating the possibility of user-independent use of eye writing.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.83-98
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• 2014

This study examined the influences of eye-contact upon the relationship between mothers' control behaviors and emotions of preschool children. The participants of this study were 66 children aged 6, and their mothers. The children and mothers were observed taking part in a writing task for 15 minutes, and two coders analyzed the amount of eye-contact between children and mothers, mothers' verbal and nonverbal support and coercive control, and children's emotions in the task setting. The results showed that mothers' coercive control and nonverbal support significantly accounted for children's negative and positive emotions, respectively. In addition, the interaction between eye-contact and mothers' verbal support was significant. In particular, mothers' behaviors significantly affected children's emotions only when eye-contact occurred. Mothers' behaviors in the absence of eye-contact did not affect children's emotions. The discussion section included an analysis of the social function of eye-contact on the verbal and nonverbal communication between mothers and children, and suggestions for future study were also presented.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.455-462
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• 2019

This paper proposes a method of utilizing convolutional neural network to classify the images of Bender Gestalt Test (BGT), which is a tool to understand and analyze a person's characteristic. The proposed network is composed of 29 layers including 18 convolutional layers and 2 fully connected layers, where the network is to be trained with augmented images. To verify the proposed method, 10 fold validation was adopted. In results, the proposed method classified the images into 9 classes with the mean f1 score of 97.05%, which is 13.71%p higher than a previous method. The analysis of the results shows the classification accuracy of the proposed method is stable over all the patterns as the worst f1 score among all the patterns was 92.11%.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-110
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• 2014

Objectives This study intends to present the writing of standardized medical records based on Korean medicine on the basis of the Sanghanron symptoms. Methods 1. Excluding the sentences unrelated to the Sanghanron symptoms, the symptoms in the rest of sentences were extracted. 2. Classifying the extracted symptoms as per the review of system, the similar symptoms were integrated. 3. Calculating the frequencies of each symptom, each strain rate was calculated. Results & Conclusion: 1. Resulting from the analysis on 378 sentences in Sanghanron, a total of 1566 different symptoms were extracted. 2. As results out of total, the symptom related to the temperature sensation accounted for 17.9%, that related to sweat did 6.5%, that related to pulse did 12.4%, that related to eye and nose and mouth and tongue and throat as well as thirst did 7.7%, that related to stool did 11.6%, that related to urination and urinary organs did 4.9%, that related to language and mind and sleep and agitation as well as heart did 10.0%, and that related to vomiting and abdomen as well as digestive organs did 15.4%. 3. There were found many symptoms were described in accordance with the severity of basic expressions. For examples, in case of fever, there were mild fever and high fever, and in case of sweat, there were profuse sweating and slightly sweating. 4. To create the medical records for cold damage disease, it may necessary to consider the factors to be recorded as per each symptom and write the detail of each symptom.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-34
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• 2015

Objectives This study intends to present the writing of standardized medical records based on Korean medicine on the basis of Geum-gwe-yo-ryak symptoms. Methods 1. Excluding the sentences unrelated to the Geum-gwe-yo-ryak symptoms, the symptoms in the rest of sentences were extracted. 2. Classifying the extracted symptoms as per the review of system, the similar symptoms were integrated. 3. Calculating the frequencies of each symptom, each strain rate was calculated. 4. The above results were compared with the results of existing similar study on Sang-han-ron("傷寒論") symptoms Results Conclusion 1. Resulting from the analysis on all sentences in Geum-gwe-yo-ryak, a total of 1486 different symptoms were extracted. 2. As results out of total, the symptom related to the temperature sensation accounted for 12.4%, that related to sweat did 3.8%, that related to thirst did 3.8%, that related to edema did 3.4%, that related to musculoskeletal system did 6.9%, that related to breathing did 8.6%, that related to chest and hypochondrium did 6.2%, that related to abdomen did 9.5%, that related to digestive system did 9.6%, that related to stool did 6.4%, that related to urination and urinary system did 5.7%, that related to mouth, eye, ear, nose, throat did 5.3%, that related to skin did 4.5%, that related to language, mind, sleep and emotion did 6.7%. 3. Compared with Sang-han-ron, Edema appear only in Geum-gwe-yo-ryak. Therefore, edema may be a characteristic symptoms of miscellaneous disease.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

1. Objectives: We aimed to derive constitutional facial characteristics with front and side picture of the people in this study 2. Methods: Through November 2007 to July 2009, we obtained front and side face photograph data of 715 male/female constitution confirmed subjects within the age range of 10-80 from 19 oriental medical facilities in the country. According to sex, we divided the subjects into two groups, real constitution group and non-constitution group. We analyzed significant variables of distance, angle and ratio of facial point through unpaired T-test. 3. Results: There are different significant variables according to Sasang Constitution and even though they are much different between sex, the interpretation of the meaning of those variables are similar with the written characteristics of ancient Writing. The face size of the Taeeumin is bigger than that of the non-Taeeumin, and especially they have long length from mouth to mandible angle. Soeumin have small jaw area, long philtrum and narrow facial feature like egg. Soyangin has developed forehead and glabella, short jaw, long eye side. Taeyangin has developed forehead, weak nose especially side end of nose, long eye side. 4. Conclusions: Sasang Constitutional facial characteristics are different between man and woman but there are much similarity with the facts as known on the interpretation of significant variables characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.32-44
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• 2011

This study will explore the application of the Korean alphabet 'Hangul' and its calligraphy on fashion design. Hangul is well known for its great formative characteristics. Its calligraphy has unique features that express the implicative meaning of the Korean language while simultaneously displays beautiful shapes that draw the viewer's eye. When Hangul calligraphy is applied on the pattern design, it can be an excellent opportunity to demonstrate the visual beauty of Hangul. The purpose of this study is to develop the pattern designs that utilize the Hangul calligraphy and apply them in various fields of fashion. The detailed concepts of this study are as follows. First, the theoretical concepts and characteristics of both Hangul calligraphy and pattern design will be understood. Second, the aesthetic characteristics of calligraphy will be drawn by case analysis on the artworks of famous calligraphers such as Kim Jong-geon, Kang Byeong-in, Lee Sang-hyeon, Lee Gyu-bok and other representative calligraphers who design the beauty of Korean calligraphy by handwriting and brush-writing. The obtained results will be used to explore the desirable direction of fashion design. Third, eight pattern motif fashion works that utilize Hangul calligraphy in accordance with the arrangement of different characteristics of fashion design will be presented.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objective : This paper aimed to measure the relationship between the performance of Korean handwriting and visual fixation for children. Methods : Twenty-one typically developing children aged 7 to 9 years participated in the study. The children performed Korean handwriting task wearing Tobii Pro Glasses 2. The Korean handwriting task consisted of 10 words from elementary school textbooks. The handwriting skill was measured by the coefficient variation of the letter size and the fixation cound and duration. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between visual fixation and the coefficient variation of the letter size. Results : The results showed that the visual fixation per second was positively correlated with Korean handwriting vertical size coefficient variation, indicating that the more consistent the vertical size of the letter, the smaller the fixation count per second. Conclusion : The results suggested a relation between the performance of Korean handwriting and visual fixation in typically developing children. This study is the first attempt to measure eye movement during the Korean handwriting process, and suggests a future direction for research on students' development in writing Korean.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2017

The most important environment of human being is the human being itself. So we have been sensitive to the appearance of ours and others at the same time. This writing aims for locating origins of the face and discerning differences [1] between the face of humans and those of other animals [2]. The face assumes a substantial significance not merely as a body function, but, above all, a means of expressions and features being looked at. The face is an important means of communication to humans as social animals. Knowledges about the various faces of the face are useful to become a efficient specialist as an extensive generalist because the face is a regular patron to the plastic surgery. The face in Korean consists of two elements of eol (the soul or the mind) and gul a residing place). When Wittgenstein says "the face is the soul of the body," his semantics corresponds to the Korean meaning. The meaning of the face in Korean is summed up in five ways. (1) the head or the front of the face with the eye, the nose and the mouth, (2) reputation or honor, (3) the general description of the psychological state, such as "the face of sadness", (4) a figure person representing a particular area, such as "Sun Dong-yul is the face of the Korean baseball community," (5) the primary imagery of the things and the event, such as "He is the face of the 4.19 Revolution." As such, the word "face", referring to a body part, extends its usages in a wide variety of contexts. What image do you convoke when you think of a person? With rare exceptions, you are most likely to invoke the face of the person. The face has come to be a byword for one's reputation or honor, and a pronoun for an expression of the essence of the thing and the event. This is presumably true of other languages. That is because human beings are equipped with the universal rule of language. A comprehensive understanding of the face is a must for cosmetic surgeons whose main responsibility is to sculpt and repair the face (Fig. 1).