• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3651-3657
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• 2014

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a relatively higher incidence in many countries of Asia. Globally, HCC has a high fatality rate and short survival. Epirubicin, a doxorubicin analogue, may be administered alone or in combination with other agents to treat primary liver cancer and metastatic diseases. However, the toxic effects of epirubicin to normal tissues and cells have been one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of epirubicin in combination with kappa-selenocarrageenan on mice with H22 implanted tumors and HepG-2 cell proliferation, immune organ index, morphology, cell cycle and related protein expressions in vivo and in vitro with sequential drug exposure. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth in vivo was calculated. Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT assay, and the King's principle was used to evaluate the interaction of drug combination. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 were detected by Western blotting. In vivo results demonstrated that the inhibitory rate of EPI combined with KSC was higher than that of KSC or EPI alone, and the Q value indicated an additive effect. In addition, KSC could significantly raise the thymus and spleen indices of mice with H22 implanted tumors. In the drug sensitivity assay in vitro, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously was more effective than exposure sequentially in HepG-2 cells, while exposure to KSC prior to EPI was more effective than exposure to EPI prior to KSC. Q values showed an additive effect in the simultaneous group and antagonistic effects in the sequential groups. Morphological analysis showed similar results to the drug sensitivity assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that exposure to KSC or EPI alone arrested the cells in S phase in HepG-2 cells, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously caused accumulation in the S phase, an effect caused by either KSC or EPI. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 protein was down-regulated following exposure to KSC and EPI alone or in combination, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously resulting in the lowest values. Taken together, our findings suggest that KSC in combination with EPI might have potential as a new therapeutic regimen against HCC.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2003

본 논문은 광역학적 암치료를 위한 광원장치의 개발로서 반도체 다이오드 레이저를 이용한 의료용 레이저 시스템의 개발이 목적이다. 광역학적 암 치료에서 이상적인 광원장치는 초점크기를 조절할 수 있으면서 발산하지 않는 균일한 빛과 특정 파장대의 안정성을 갖는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점을 고려하여 635nm 파장대의 다이오드 공진기를 이용하였으며, 개발된 레이저 시스템은 제어장치를 사용하여 정교하고 안정적인 출력을 가지도록 하였으며, 시스템은 사용자의 편리성을 고려하여 소형화하였다. 다이오드 레이저시스템의 펄스 형태의 발진모드에서는 초기의 돌입전류에 의해 공진기를 파손시킬 수 있으므로 본 연구에서는 이러한 현상을 회로적으로 보완하여 msec 단위로 on/off 할 경우에도 공진기에 전혀 손상을 입히지 않도록 설계를 하였다. 임상의가 편리하게 방사시간을 설정하고, 연속출력. 펄스. 버스트 펄스, 슈퍼펄스를 방사할 수 있도록 고안하여. 다양한 암조직의 상태에 따라 치료할 수 있도록 구현하였다. 실험결과 레이저의 출력은 입력전류와 시간에 따라 10mW에서 300mW 까지 선형적으로 증가함을 보였다. 개발된 광역학적 레이저 시스템은 고속제어가 가능하고 정 전류 제어와 효과적인 냉각 제어를 통해 안정적으로 정확하게 출력할 수 있었다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.613-620
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• 2017

방사선치료 시 치료계획 선량의 정확한 전달이 중요하다. 뿐만 아니라 정확한 자세 잡이도 필요하다. 하지만 정확한 자세 잡이를 위해서는 자세촬영을 실시하여야 하며 이에 따른 추가적인 방사선 피폭이 발생하게 된다. 이에 자세촬영 주기에 따른 선량분포의 변화를 분석하고자 한다. 팬텀 내 45개 지점에 대해 OSLD를 이용하여 6MV와 10MV 광자선, 그리고 온보드이미지촬영과 콘빔전산화단층촬영에 대한 선량을 측정하였다. 그리고 각 지점에 대한 자세확인촬영이 치료선량에 합산될 경우의 차이값을 비교하였다. 또한 차이값이 미국의학물리협회에서 권고하는 5%를 만족하는 촬영 주기를 제시하고자 하였다. 그 결과 6MV에서는 최소 45.27 cGy에서 최대 98.6 cGy, 10MV에서는 최소 53.34 cGy에서 최대 99.66 cGy, 온보드이미지촬영의 경우 최소 0.19 cGy에서 최대 2.64 cGy, 콘빔전산화단층촬영의 경우 최소 0.54 cGy에서 최대 17.18 cGy가 측정되었다. 치료선량에 대한 자세확인촬영 방사선량의 비율은 2차원 영상의 경우 치료 1회당 최대 3.49%, 3차원 영상의 경우 치료 1회당 최대 22.65%의 오차가 발생된다. 따라서 2차원 영상은 1일 1회, 3차원 영상은 1주 1회까지 허용된다. 향후 추가연구 시 실제 임상적용 시에는 환자자세촬영 종류의 병행에 대한 분리계산이 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2016

Objective: The Back Mapper is one type of Rasterstereography and it can be used in the clinic without radiation exposure. The purpose of our study was to prove the reliability and validity of the Back Mapper and to compare it with the Spinal Mouse, which is an assessment tool for spinal curvatures using a wheeled mouse, and the Cobb angle by X-ray. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty healthy adults participated in the test to investigate for the inter-rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, and concurrent validity. The tests were performed with assessment devices for scoliosis such as the Back Mapper, Spinal Mouse and Cobb's angle. Data was analyzed by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value and a standard error of measurement for reliability and correlation analysis for validity. Results: Intra-rater reliability of the Back Mapper was good (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=0.821-0.984, ICC=0.696-0.969) except for assessing the lordotic angle. Inter-rater reliability was good (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=0.870-0.958, ICC=0.770-0.919) in assessment for trunk imbalance, rotation of scapulae, thoracic angle, lumbar angle, and kyphotic angle. The kyphotic angle in the Spinal Mouse had a significant correlation icompared with the Back Mapper (r=0.510, p<0.05), and the Cobb's angle from an X-ray had a significant correlation with trunk inclination (r=0.532, p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings provide good intra-reliability of the Back Mapper in healthy subjects, but the Back Mapper requires more experienced practice to have good inter-reliability. Also, the variables of the Back Mapper does not seem as appropriate compared with the Cobb angle by X-ray.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2024

Purpose: Cybersickness is a type of motion sickness induced by virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) environments that presents symptoms including nausea, dizziness, and headaches. This study aimed to investigate how cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) alleviates motion sickness symptoms and modulates brain activity in individuals experiencing cybersickness after exposure to a VR environment. Methods: This study was performed on two groups of healthy adults with cybersickness symptoms. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either cathodal tDCS intervention or sham tDCS intervention. Brain activity during VR stimulation was measured by 38-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). tDCS was administered to the right temporoparietal junction (TPJ) for 20 minutes at an intensity of 2mA, and the severity of cybersickness was assessed pre- and post-intervention using a simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ). Result: Following the experiment, cybersickness symptoms in subjects who received cathodal tDCS intervention were reduced based on SSQ scores, whereas those who received sham tDCS showed no significant change. fNIRS analysis revealed that tDCS significantly diminished cortical activity in subjects with high activity in temporal and parietal lobes, whereas high cortical activity was maintained in these regions after intervention in subjects who received sham tDCS. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cathodal tDCS applied to the right TPJ region in young adults experiencing cybersickness effectively reduces motion sickness induced by VR environments.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2011

Pavlovian fear conditioning has been extensively studied for the understanding of neurobiological basis of memory and emotion. Pavlovian fear conditioning is an associative memory which forms when conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with unconditioned stimulus (US) once or repeatedly. This behavioral model is also important for the understanding of anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Here we describe the neural circuitry involved in fear conditioning and the molecular mechanisms underlying fear memory formation. During consolidation some memories fade out but other memories become stable and concrete. Emotion plays an important role in determining which memories will survive. Memory becomes unstable and editable again immediately after retrieval. It opens the possibility for us of modulating the established fear memory. It provides us with very efficient tools to improve the efficacy of cognitive-behavior therapy and other exposure-based therapy treating anxiety disorders.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.97-99
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• 2002

A radiation incident took place during treatment on MEDNIF Tele cobalt-60 therapy machine in B.P.KOIRALA MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL in Bharatpur, Nepal. This Chinese made machine has activity of 6240 Curies of cobalt -60. This machine has fulfilled safety requirements. ICRP recommendations, safety rules are followed and practiced. The source was struck up during treatment and a technician was exposed to equivalent dose of 13.75 mSv. recorded by Personal film badge. Risks of workers are comparable to other safe industries. All exposures shall be kept as low as reasonably possible. The higher level of safety is achieved only when every one is dedicated to common goal. A lesson is learnt for future. Good practice is essential but not sufficient. A high demand for tele Cobalt therapy convinced management to replace Mednif machine with a new efficient Elite Tele Cobalt theratron Machine.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 1989

Brachytherapy is known to be a good modality to achieve local control as a boost treatment following limited external irradiation, which may reduce the external beam related complication particularly in head and neck cancer. The authors developed iridium-192 ribbons recently to replace the radium needles in the field of brachytherapy. Total of 48 cases of head and neck and pelvic-perineal cancer patients had been treated with Ir-192 ribbons during last two years from October 1986 to September 1988, and the results were analyzed to assess the applicability of the fabricated sources. The conclusion is as follows; 1. Iridium implant resulted excellent tumor control effect in clinical application. 2. Iridium is superior than radium and cecium in brachytherapy because of easier to use and lesser exposure to the personnel. 3. Afterloading technique is useful to modify dose distribution, to expand treatment site and method, and to develop interstitial hyperthermia.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.203-209
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• 2004

Virtual Reality(VR) is a new technology which makes humans communicate with computer. It allows the user to see, hear, feel and interact in a three-dimensional virtual world created graphically. In this paper, we introduced VR into psychotherapy area and developed VR system for the exposure therapy of acrophobia. Acrophobia is an abnormal fear of heights. Medications or cognitive-behavior methods have been mainly used as a treatment. Lately the virtual reality technology has been applied to that kind of anxiety disorders. A virtual environment provides patient with stimuli which arouses phobia, and exposing to that environment makes him having ability to over come the fear. In this study, the elevator stimulator that composed with a position sensor, head mount display, and audio system, is suggested. To illustrate the physiological difference between a person who has a feel of phobia and without phobia, heart rate was measured during experiment. And also measured a person's HR after the virtual reality training. In this study, we demonstrated the subjective effectiveness of virtual reality psychotherapy through the clinical experiment.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to identify the effects of high heel shoes on surface electromyography(EMG) activities fo tibialis anterior(TA), soles(S), and gastrocnemius(G) in 12 healthy women. Methods : Subjects were composed of three group(sports shoes, 5cm heel height shoes, and 9cm heel height shoes). The muscle activity of the TA, G, S in the lower leg were measured using a surface EMG. Results : Results of one way repeated measures ANOVA of the after waling 30minutes standing task duration among the sport shoes, 5cm, and 9cm heel height conditions. The comparison of the muscular activities showed significant differences in the G muscles among the high heel shoes. Conclusion : Wearing high heel shoes for hours will bring inappropriate alignment of the lower limbs and cause postural changes or abnormal sensation and several other problems in the body, resulting in exposure to ankle sprain or fall injuries.