• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

Ammonium ion is notorious for the adverse effects upon many of the important uses of water such as toxcity to fish, corrosion of metals and concrete, and concern over man's consumption. A clinoptilolite, which is a naturally occurring zeolite selective for ammonium ion exchange, has been used. Batch isotherm experiments were conducted for measuring ammonium ion exchange capacity. The ion exchange capacity was well described either by the Langmuir equation or by the Freundlich equation. As the particle size of the clinoptilolite decreased, exchange capacity was increased. The smaller particle size enhaced the exchange of ammonium ion due to the greater surface area and decreased diffusion to the exchange sites within the zeolite. Ammonium ion exchange capacity tended to decrease when the temperature increased from $20^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$, and the temperature correction factor was found to be 0.98 in the Langmuir equation.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.237-240
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• 2008

Numerical Analysis for exchanging seawater experiment is carried out in Do-Jang fish port. The change of tidal velocity and water level is derived by the two-dimensional nonlinear shallow-water numerical model. To calculate exchange rate of seawater with the change of tidal velocity and water level, a two-dimensional numerical model is employed which governing equations are Fokker-Plank equations. The calculated exchange rates of each time are described in tables and figures.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.218-226
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• 1995

복숭아 묘목으로 부터 채취한 근권 및 그 주변 토양을 이용하여 $NH_4-K$와 $NH_4-Ca$ 치환 현상을 조사하였으며 이 결과를 토양중 암모니움 등 양이온의 이동과 분포의 모델화에 적용할 수 있는 치환식을 찾고자 했다. 토양시료를 $NH_4Cl$, KCl과 $CaCl_2$ 용액으로 평형에 도달시킨 후 $Sr(NO_3)_2$ 용액으로 추출하여 평형상태에서의 치환태 양이온 조성을 구하였다. Vanselow, Gapon 그리고 kerr의 식은 $NH_4-K$와 $NH_4-Ca$ 치환 현상을 적절히 기술할 수 없었으나 치환태 양이온 농도에 임의의 지수를 갖는 다음과 같은 경험식이 매우 적절한 것으로 나타났다. ${\frac{\alpha_i^m}{a_j^n}}=K{\frac{(iX)^{mPi}}{(jX)^{nPj}}}$ 이 식에서 ${\alpha}i$와 ${\alpha}j$는 원자가가 m과 n인 양이온 i 및 j의 용액 중 activity이며(iX)와 (jX)는 치환태양이온 i와 j의 농도이다. 치환태 양이온의 농도 단위로는 몰 분율 또는 당량 분율을 사용할 수 있다. 임의상수 $P_i$와 $P_j$ 그리고 분배상수 K는 이 식의 대수형을 이용하여 다중 회귀 방법으로 구할 수 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.75-92
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• 1995

This paper tried to estimate the pass - through of exchange rate changes to export price of fishery products using export price function. The results are as follows : 1) The variable of fluctuation of exchange rate of Won(equation omitted) to Yen(equation omitted)(variable E2) is more powerful explanatory variable than that of Won to U.S. dollar to explain the fluctiation of export price of fishery products(varible $P_{t}$)- 2) The variable of fish catches(variable K $P_{t}$) is also found to be a statistically significant varible but that of producer price index is not found. 3) The variable E2 have statistically a more influence on variable $P_{t}$ than variable K $P_{t.}$ 4) The estimation shows us that 1% of fluctuation of variable E2 could result in 0.9978% of fluctuation of variable $P_{t.}$

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2002

This paper presents an application of a improved branch exchange (IBE) algorithm with a tie branch power (TBP) flow equation to solve the Optimal Routing problem for operation of a radial Power system including power distribution system. The main objective of the Optimal Routing problem usually is to minimize the network real power loss and to improve the voltage profile in the network. The new BE algorithm adopts newly designed methods which are composed by decision method of maximum loss reduction and new index of loss exchange in loop network Thus, the proposed algorithm in this paper can search the optimal topological structures of distribution feeders by changing the open/closed states of the sectionalizing and tie switches. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated with the practical IEEE 32, 69 bus test systems and KEPCO 148 bus test system to show favorable performance gained.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2017

Based on a simultaneous-equation model consisting of aggregate demand and short-run aggregate supply, this paper estimates a reduced-form equation specifying that the equilibrium real GDP is a function of the real effective exchange rate, the government deficit as a percent of GDP, the real interest rate, foreign income, labor productivity, the real oil price, the expected inflation rate, and the interactive and intercept binary variables accounting for a potential change in the slope of the real effective exchange rate and shift in the intercept. Applying the exponential GARCH technique, it finds that aggregate output in Australia has a positive relationship with the real effective exchange rate during 2003.Q3 - 2013.Q2, the government deficit as a percent of GDP, U.S. real GDP, labor productivity and the real oil price and a negative relationship with the real effective exchange rate during 2013.Q3 - 2016.Q1, the real lending rate and the expected inflation rate. These results suggest that real appreciation was expansionary before 2013.Q3 whereas real depreciation was expansionary after 2013.Q2 and that more government deficit as a percent of GDP would be helpful to stimulate the economy. Hence, the impact of real appreciation or real depreciation on real GDP may change overtime.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2017

최근에 구조물의 유지관리 및 보수에 관한 사안이 중요시되면서 콘크리트의 자기치유에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 현재 진행되는 다수의 자기치유 콘크리트 연구는 콘크리트 유해이온의 침투경로인 내부 균열을 막는 방안에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이와는 다르게 본 연구에서는 콘크리트 내부의 유해이온을 직접적이며 능동적으로 제어할 수 있는 소재인 이온교환수지의 적용 가능성을 보고자 한다. 이에 따라 이온교환수지를 시멘트 계 재료에 적용하기 이전에 이온교환수지의 성능평가는 배합설계 시 중요한 지표가 되기 때문에, NaCl 및 $Na_2SO_4$가 들어있는 포화 수산화칼슘 수용액 내에서 이온교환수지의 염소이온 및 황산이온 제거특성을 보았다. 본 연구에서는 음이온 교환수지를 사용하였고, 이온교환수지의 염소이온 및 황산이온 제거성능은 반응속도식과 등온흡착식을 적용하여 평가하였다. 결과적으로 포화 수산화칼슘 수용액에서 음이온 교환수지의 특성은 유사 1차 반응식과 Freundlich 등온흡착식보다 유사 2차 반응식과 Langmuir 등온흡착식에 상대적으로 더 적합하였다. 그리고 염소이온은 최대 약 1068 ppm, 황산이온은 최대 약 1314 ppm까지 제거할 수 있는 것으로 계산되었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2004

Five parameters such as the entrance size of the front wall, conduit size, wave period, wave height and the width of water pool were selected to estimate the inflow rate, which is basic and essential input data to design seawater exchange breakwater with a submerged mound by conducting hydraulic model experiments. In the results of multiple regression analysis, log-log equation showed a good agreement rather than linear equation and the estimation of inflow rate was well done with only two parameters except entrance size of the front wall, wave period and the width of water pool. Finally, non-dimensional flow rate equation is derived.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2023

Foreign exchange options are derivative financial instruments that can exchange one currency for another at a prescribed exchange rate on a specified date. In this study, we examine the analytic formulas for vulnerable foreign exchange options based on multi-scale stochastic volatility driven by two diffusion processes: a fast mean-reverting process and a slow mean-reverting process. In particular, we take advantage of the asymptotic analysis and the technique of the Mellin transform on the partial differential equation (PDE) with respect to the option price, to derive approximated prices that are combined with a leading order price and two correction term prices. To verify the price accuracy of the approximated solutions, we utilize the Monte Carlo method. Furthermore, in the numerical experiments, we investigate the behaviors of the vulnerable foreign exchange options prices in terms of model parameters and the sensitivities of the stochastic volatility factors to the option price.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1990년도 제5회 파동 및 레이저 학술발표회 5th Conference on Waves and lasers 논문집 - 한국광학회
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• pp.237-241
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• 1990

A detailed theoretical and experimental study of k-na exchange in soda lime silicate glasses by RTP is presented. Concentration profiles i.e. index profiles are given by complementary error function added Gaussian function. The estimated diffusion coefficient is 1.54${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$2/min.