• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-99
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• 1995

The survey was done on 30 cases of obese patients who were treated by fasting therapy in the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, oriental medical hospital in Won Kwang University from May 1995 to August 1995. The results are as follows: 1. The ratio of females to males was 1:14. The distribution was 20th decades (63%), 30th decade(13%), 10th decade(6.7%), and 40th decade(6.7%). 2. In the age of obese-prevalence, the middle to high school years was the highest number as 12 persons(40%). The 20th decade(23.3%) and 30th decade(13.3%) were the second and third highest frequency of subjects. 3. In the obesity index, 150% of ideal weight was the highest percentage with persons(40%). 120-129%(30%), 130-139%(23.3%) and 140-149%(6.7%) were in order of frequency. 4. In the family histories of obese patients, it was found that hypertension had a high incidence of 8 persons. Other evidences of family histories were DM (7), cancer (3) and CVD (2). In hereditary tendency of obese parents, it was known that hereditary tendency of obese mothers was high at 14 persons, that of obese fathers was 5 persons, and that of obese parents was 2 persons. 5. In identifying the cause of obesity, it was found that changes of diet patterns was high at 24 persons(80%). Pregnancy, birth and diseases were in order of cause. 6. The review of consumption showed that obese patients ate the same amount as non-obese persons in the case of 21 patients(70%), 8 patients(26.7%) ate more than non-obese persons and 1 person(3.3%) ate less than persons of the same ages. 7. Obese patients consumption of daily snacks was 10 persons(33%). 17 person(57%) of the obese patients ate midnight snacks every 3-4 days. 11 persons(37%) of the obese patients ate out every 3 - 4 days. 8. For the purpose of weight reduction, 15 patients(50%) used exercise. Fasting therapy(36.7%) and food restriction(33.3%) were the second and third methods used by obese patients. 9. In the relation of constitution medicine usage with obese patients, TAE-EUM-IN was 14 persons(46.7%), SO-EUM-IN was 11 persons(36.7%), and SO-YANG-IN was 5 persons(l6.7%).

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.151-165
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• 1992

Clinical studies were done on 18 people chosen from admission patients didn't have will of stop-smoking who were treated with the auricular acupuncture therapy to stop-smoking in the Dep. of the Acupuncture and Moxibution, Hospital of Oriental Medicine in Dae Jeon University from 1991. 5. 28 to 1991. 6. 15. The following results have obtained 1. Distribution of sex; male(83%), Female(17%) 2. In the distribution of age, 30s age group made up 33.3%, 20s, 50s, 60s age group made up each 16.6%, 40s made up 11.1%, 70s made up 5.5% of the group. 3. Distribution of occupation in descending order; labour man(38.8%), businessman(22.4%), housewife, office woker was each 16.6%, students(5.5%). 4. Distribution of human coporal constitution in descending order; Tae-Eum-In(50%), So-Yang-In(27.8%), So-Eum-In(22.2%). 5. Distribution of statring tense to smoking in descending order; 10s, 20s, were each 44. 4%, 30s(11.1%). 6. Distribution of duration in descending order; 10-19years(33.3%), 40-49years(22.2%), 1-9, 20-29years were each 16.6%, 30-39years(11.1%). 7. Distribution of smoking amount(1day) in descending order; 11-20 cigarettes(38.8%), 21-30 cigarettes(22.7%), 1-10 cigarettes, 31-40 cigarettes were each 16.6%. 8. Distribution of the motive to smoking in descending order; curiosity(61.1%), hyperemesis gravidarum, abdominal pain, stress, inducement. 9. Distribution of symptoms within smoking in descending order; sputum(83%), liver disorder(11%), stomach disorder(6%). 10. Distribution in symptoms of post treatment of stop-smoking by acupuncture in descending order; nausea, headache were 12%, ear-radiating pain(6%), no variation(82%). 11. Distribution in change of cigarettes taste after the auricular acupuncture treatment; some decrease, complete decrease were each 38. 8%, decrease of post taste in smoking, burning-paper odored were each 5.5%, no variation(11.1%). 12. Total judgement of efficacy in descending order; excellent(50. 0%), good(28.8%), fair(10. 0%), failure(11.1%).

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.54-71
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• 2021

Objectives The purpose of this study was to revise Sasang Digestive Function Inventory (SDFI) and improve its validity and reliability using clinical data. Methods The Sasang type and Cold-Heat pattern differentiation by certified clinical specialist and responses to SDFI items were acquired from 419 hospital patients. The revision of SDFI was performed using item analysis and Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA). Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the revised SDFI (rSDFI) were investigated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Internal Consistency and Item Response Theory (IRT). And, clinical significance of the rSDFI was examined for the differentiation of Sasang types and Cold-Heat patterns. Results The number of the SDFI items were modified from 21 to 15. And, the validity and reliability of the rSDFI subscale structure were found to be acceptable. The scores of rSDFI-total and rSDFI-E significantly decreased in the order of Tae-Eum (TE), So-Yang (SY), So-Eum (SE) types, and the rSDFI score of SE type was significantly lower than that of TE and SY types. The rSDFI-total score could differentiate Cold-Heat pattern in both SY and SE types. And the difference of digestive function between Cold and Heat pattern of SE type could be explained with the rSDFI-D score. The rSDFI-total score in Cold pattern significantly decreased in the order of TE, SY, and SE types, and the rSDFI-total score of TE type is significantly higher than that of SE type in Heat pattern. Conclusions Current results demonstrated the reliability, validity and clinical usefulness of the rSDFI in clinical patients. Therefore, rSDFI can be utilized as an objective clinical measure supporting the differential diagnosis of Sasang typology.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the relationship between Sasang constitution and the facial skin in acute stroke patients Methods : In the time of period Mar. 2007 to Jun. 2007, 103 patients with stroke admitted in the department of Internal Medicine of Kyungwon University Seoul Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Hospital, Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Hospital, Dongguk Il-san Oriental Medical Hospital were included. We assessed the type of Sasang constitution, and the type of Sasang constitution of 51 patients were confirmed. We investigated general characteristics, stroke type and the relationship between Sasang constitution and the facial skin. Results : The color of face have no significant differences by Sasang constitution. But So-yang have blue and purple colored lips than So-eum and Tae-eum have. Conclusions : In this study, we found the relationship between Sasang constitution and the facial skin in acute stroke patients. But it seems necessary to investigate more cases to concrete conclusion on this theme.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed to assess the distribution of Sasang constitution(SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in metropolitan region from October 2005 to October 2006 by Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Clssification II(QSCCII). We investigated general characteristics, stroke type, blood test results, alcohol drinking, smoking and dietary preferences according to SC. Results : 236 subjects were included into the final analysis. 1. This study showed that the proportion of So-yang was highest of all constitutions(45.3%). And the body weight, body mass index, the waist circumference(WC), the hip circumference(HC), and the WC/HC ratio recorded the significantly high result in Tae-eum. 2. In the TOAST classification, SVO was the major type occupying 81.7% in the total subjects. 3. In Tae-eum, total cholesterol, triglyceride and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose level were the highest and fasting glucose was significantly highest of all constitutions. Conclusion : From this study, we could roughly seize the distribution of Sasang constitution in acute stroke patients. For the further research, it seems to be necessary to construct fundamental databases for stroke by increasing the number of patients and by analyzing delicate characteristics of each constitution type.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.82-98
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine pattern of the stress perceived by stroke patients over time. The ultimate goal of the research is to provide data to help nurses to design the plan of nursing care of the stroke patients both in the hospital and at home. A total of 57 admitted stroke patients were collected from one general hospital in Seoul from June, 12 to September, la, 1993. The data were collected for three phases(within one week after leaving the hospital). The tools for this study, three scales were used ; Stress scale developed by the investigator. Constitution classifing scale designed by Kho(1984), and Self-care measuring scale by Kang(1984). Data were analyzed in four steps using statistical analysis. First, demographic data were determined by descriptive statistics. Second. the pattern of stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases was measured using repeated measures ANOVA. Third, stress of stroke patients classified by constitution, paralyzed area. and attack frequency were measured using ANOVA or t-test, and the pattern of stress by group over time was determined using paired t-test in post hoc test. Fourth. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the stress and self-care activities. The results of this study are ; 1. The pattern of stress across three phases ; There was a decrease of the stress across three phases. In general. psychological stress as the highest among three phases(F=36.92. P=.000). There was a statistically significant difference of the physical stress(F=34.55, p=.000), the psychological stress (F=15.49, p=.0005) and the social stress (F=24.71. p=.000) among three phases. There was a statistically significant difference of the stress between the first phase (on admission) and the second phase(before leaving the hospital) and was a decrease of the stress (t =6.36. p=.000). 2. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by constitution across three phases ; Stroke patients classified as So-Eum perceived the highest stress among three groups(Tae-Eum, So-Eum. So-Yang). There was no statistically significant difference of stress according to the constitution of stroke patients among three phases. Hence. stress was not influenced by the constitution of stroke patients, but there was a statistically significant difference of stress over time. 3. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by the paralyzed area across three phases ; Right paralyzed stroke patients perceived higher stress than left paralyzed stroke patients. There was, however, no statistically significant difference of stress between two groups except 2nd phase. There was no statistically significant difference of the perception of stress bet ween the right and left paralyzed stroke patients. 4. The pattern of stress of stroke patients classified by the frequency of the relapse of the disease across three phases ; Stress was higher in stroke patients who had the relapse of the disease twice more than the first time. There was, however, no statistically significant difference of stress between two groups. There was no statistically significant difference of stress of stroke patients according to the relapse of the disease among three phases. Hence, stress was no influenced by the relapse of the disease. 5. The relationship between the stress and self-care activities ; There was a negative relationship between the stress and self-care activities each phase(on admission, r= -.1563 ; before leaving the hospital, r= -.4030 ; after leaving the hospital, r= -.5291). Hence, the higher the self-care activities, the lower the stress. This study has three important findings. First finding was that psychological stress perceived by stroke patients was the highest among three phases. The second finding was that factors such as the constitution, the paralyzed area, and the relapse of the disease did not have an influence on the stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases(on admission, before leaving the hospital, after leaving the hospital). There was a statistically significant decrease of the stress perceived by stroke patients across three phases. The third finding was that there was a negative relationship between the self-care ability and stress. In this study, these findings have implications for nursing care for the rehabilitation of stroke patients and suggest the need of nursing intervention to promote the self-care ability and to support the psychological self-esteem of stroke patients.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.9-27
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• 1994

연구(硏究)의 목적(目的) 및 배경(背景) : 본 연구는 노령인구의 증가와 더불어 심각한 사회문제화 되고 있는 노인병의 실태를 파악하기 위한 노인건강검진 사업의 일환으로 전주우석대부속한방병원 및 부설우석의원에서 국내최초의 한양방동시종합검진을 실시한 바 있어서, 이를 토대로 노인질환의 분포와 건강실태를 파악하고 한양방동시종합검진의 효율성을 검토해 보기 위함이다. 연구(硏究) 방법(方法) : 연구대상은 전라북도 김제군에 거주하는 60세 이상의 노인 641명을 대상으로 전주우석대부속한방병원 및 부설우석의원에서 1994.6.24부터 1994.7.13까지 실시한 한양방동시종합검진(1차 검진) 결과를 대상으로 하였다. 양방의 1차검진은 X-ray 검사, 혈액검사, 소변검사, 혈압, 시력, 청력 등의 측정으로 행해졌고, 한방검진은 한방의 사진법(四診法)(望,聞,問,切(망,문,문,절))과 현증력(現症歷), 주소증(主訴證), 과거력(過去歷), 가족력(家族歷), 사회력(社會歷) 등을 살피는 문진표(問診表)와 사상체질(四象體質) 테스트법을 이용하여 행해졌다. 결과(結果) 및 결론(結論) : 본 연구의 결과 및 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 한양방종합판정상 검진 대상자 641명중 운동기계질환자 75.8%, 소화기계질환자 43.4%, 순환기계질환자 41.5%, 호흡기계질환자 22.3%, 안이비인후과질환자 8.1%, 내분비계질환자 5.6%, 비뇨생식기계질환자 5.3%의 순으로 질병을 앓고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 병명에 따른 질환의 빈도를 살펴보면, 요통, 위염 및 소화성궤양, 슬통, 심장병, 고혈압, 만성기관지염, 기관지천식, 빈혈증, 당뇨병, 폐결핵, 시력장애, 중풍 등의 순으로 나타났다. 3) 연령별 질환의 빈도를 살펴보면, 60-75세, 76-85세, 86세 이상으로 구분할 때 대부분의 질환이 60-75세에 다발하는 경향을 보이고, 오히려 연령이 높아질수록 질병이환율이 감소하는 경향을 보이는 반면, 안이비인후과질환만이 점진적 증가를 보여 대조를 이루었다. 4) 가족력과 질환과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 중풍환자의 25.0%가 중풍의 가족력을, 고혈압환자의 11.6%가 고혈압의 가족력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나 가족력과의 상관관계가 매우 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었고, 그밖에 결핵은 5.6%, 당뇨병은 2.6%가 가족력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 5) 음주와 질환과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 호흡기질환의 36.4%, 고혈압의 34.7%, 심장병의 33.3%, 소화기질환의 28.4%가 음주를 하는 것으로 나타났으나 음주의 정도는 조사되지 않아 음주와 질환과의 필연적 관계는 알 수 없었다. 6) 흡연과 질환과의 상관관계를 살펴보면, 호흡기질환의 44.1%, 심장병의 38.0%, 고혈압의 29.8%가 흡연을 하는 것으로 나타났으나 흡연의 정도는 조사되지 않아 흡연과 질환의 필연적 관계는 알 수 없었다. 7) 사상체질의 분포는 태음인(太陰人) 44.6%, 소양인(少陽人) 30.7%, 소음인(少陰人) 24.7%, 태양인(太陽人) 0.0%의 순으로 나타났고, 체질별 질환빈도는 모든 체질에서 운동기계 질환과 소화기계 질환의 이환율을 높았는데, 태음인에서는 순환기계질환(50.0%), 호흡기계질환 (23.1%)이 타체질에 비해 높게 나타났고, 소양인에서는 운동기계질환(77.7%), 난청등 안이비인후과 질환(12.2%)이 타체질에 비하여 높게 나타났고, 소음인에 있어서는 소화기계 질환(65.8%)이 타체질에 비해 높게 나타났다. 8) 양방의 1차검진상 이상소견자의 빈도와 한양방종합판정에 의한 질환의 빈도 사이에는 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 노인질환의 특성상 건강검진에 한방의 참여가 필요한 이유가 되는 내용이라 사료된다. 이상에서 살펴본 바, 이번에 실시한 국내최초(國內最初)의 한양방동시종합검진(韓洋方同時綜合檢診)은 양방위주의 건강검진보다 노인의 질환과 건강실태를 파악하는데 있어서 훨씬 효율적(效率的)이었다고 사료되는 바이나, 처음 실시한 만큼 미진한 면이 많았다. 앞으로 한방이 공중보건사업에 효율적으로 차여하기 위해서는 많은 문제점을 개선하여 한양방동시종합검진의 모델과 한방보건사업의 프로젝트가 제시되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.118-129
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• 1993

In order to approach the nursing care of clients who are using oriental medicine and to understand the perception of the client who uses oriental medicine practices and the need to develop a model of nursing related to oriental medicine it is important to examine the major nursing concepts as they are found in oriental medicine and as they are differently defined according to the basic thought, theory and philosophical perspectives between East and West. Oriental medicine developed based on Sung Confucianism the teachings of Chut-zu, especially Tai-Chi-Tu Shuo and energy thought which are similar to traditional Korean Sasang Constitutional medicine. The basic theory on which oriental medicine is build is the theory of the five elements of Yin / Eum-Yang Theory(cosmic dual forces) and Meridian Theory. The most important attribute of Yin Yang is the concept of duality, confrontation and dependence, within Yin Yang but which do not exist separately. That is, the universe is a vast, indivisible entity within which all things exist in harmonious interdependence and balance. Harmony is achieved only when the two primorial forces, Yin and Yang, are brought into perfect balance. Each is contained within the other and there is a continuing interchange between the two. This also applies to the human body including human health which is defined as balanced harmony. The most universal connection of Yin and Yang is found in the universe where the five elements of life, fire, water, earth, wood and metal can be explained as having either Yin or Yang and therefore being in a state of connectedness but systematically circulating between the two, that is essentalilly one (the control of the unified ) or as coexistant poles of individual wholes (the pluralism of Yin Yang Theory) so that it is all unified(balanced) in the Great Absoulte. Human beings also maintain a balance of Yin and Yang in the five elements and this relationship is very important in approaching ·oriental medicine, The meridians are the channels in the body through which the life force flow throughout the body. In oriental medicine the meridians are seen as the railroad, the acupuncture points on the meridians as the stations and energy as the train. In the normal healthy organism, all are maintained in balance and in a contiuous circulation of energy. illness is the result of the energy flow becoming disarranged. Although practitioners of oriental medicine approach the client differently than do practitioners of Western medicine and their method of examining the patient is different, the basic objectives of the examination are the same for practitioners of both types of medicine. Therefore if each could be used to supplement the defiencies in the other and achieve a harmonious cooperation between the two, a higher level of care which is culturally appropriate to korean culture could be achieved. The traditional korean concept of health is a naturalistic view which emphasizes being in harmony with nature. Any manifestation of disease is considered a sign that the body is in a state of disequilibrium and is thus no longer in harmony with the universe. The wholistic view of the world held by practitioners of oriental medicine can be used by nursing in the development of a world view of nursing in which the human being is seen within the macrocosm as part of the natural phenomenon of the universe and but also as a microcosm of the universe, a universe which is a vast and indivisible entity within which all things exist in harmonious interdependence and balance. Interaction between human beings and their environment and the relationship of this interaction to health are concepts that are also found in nursing. Nursing views human brings, not as an accumulation of separate cells and organs but, as unified wholes interacted in very close relationship nth their environment. Nursing also maintains a view of human beings in which emphasis is placed on the role of the mind in explaining the concepts of harmony and balance in health. Although there are differences between oriental medicine and nursing in approaches to clients, the basic point of view and philosophy have many fundamental similarites. An understanding of the basic thought and philosophy of oriental medicine if applied to nursing, would allow for the development, not only of nursing related to oriental medicine, but of a nursing theory appropriate to the korean context.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.86-100
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• 2006

For the purpose of understanding Wang-bing's idea, which was influenced by Taoism and Hyeonhak(玄學), I investigated the quotations from the No-Ja in the Hwangje-Naegyeongsonumju, and came to the following conclusions. 1. In the process of writing notes on the Hwangje-Naegyeongsomun, Wang-bing quoted No-Ja 19 times at 17 passages. Through this annotating process, he suggested the vision of the universe and the vision of the formation of all things. And he emphasized that abstaining from desire and satisfaction are essential for one's well being. In other words, he insisted on following the rules of EumYang(陰陽) and Fourseasons, to preserve Cheonjin(天眞). 2. Wang-bing wanted to establish a systematic medical theory by revising the Hwangje-Naegyeongs omun. In the front part, where he mentioned contents of jeonwongibon, he tried tosearch a way of well being, through taking care of one's health. And there his Taoistic idea becomes obvious. 3. The Hwangje-Naegyeongsomun was written under the influence of Hwangno(黃老) idea - the series of Taoism of Chunchu-Jeonguk(春秋戰國) era. Likewise Wang-bing's revision on the Hwangje-Naegye ongsomun was based on the Taoism of Dang dynasty, which succeeded to the WiJinHyeonhak(魏晉玄學). This shows a series of relationship. 4. It is no wonder that Wang-bing used quotation from scriptures of Taoism in his annotating work on the Hwangie-Naegyeongsomun, The fact that this quotations are mainly mentioned in the front part, also shows that he emphasized the theme of well being, by intention.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2000

This study was a descriptive research to investigate the health promotion behavior and health status based on Korean adult's constitution. The subjects for the study were 96 adults who were the residents either in Seoul or Taegu city. The instruments used for this study included a survey of general characteristics, health promotion behavior and health status. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Scheffe method as post hoc test. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) There was no significant difference on the health promotion behavior and health status by constitutions. But, in the relationship between five factors of the health promotion behavior and constitution, there was significant difference on health responsibility by constitutions(F=3.31. P=.041). According to the scheffe test, Taeumin group performed better behavior for the health promotion than soyangin group. 2) Health promotion behavior was significantly related to health status (r=-.24, P=.025), suggesting that the person with high health promotion behavior get higher health status scores. 3) In the relationship between general characteristics variables and health promotion behavior, there were significant differences in education(F=3.12, P=.031), economic status(F=4.09, P=.021), religion (F=3.12, P=.031). The level of health promotion behavior of high educated persons and high economic status persons was high. The persons who believe in Catholicism performed better behavior for the health promotion than the persons who don't get religion. Based on these results, to determining and fully understanding client's constitution are the foundations of Eum-Yang and personal character. Therefore, we have to consider the constitution when we provide nursing care. When we consider the differences of health promotion behavior according to constitution, we can provide the client with the kind of nursing care and health education to satisfy their demands.