• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to (a) analyze local citizens' perception of a local company, the Gwangyang Steel and Iron Company (GSIC); (b) compare the perception toward the local company with that of national citizens' perceptions towards many other unspecified companies, which were surveyed biannually by The Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KCCI); and (c) analyze how such companies evaluate perceptions towards them, in relation to citizens' socioeconomic position, such as their education status. Research design, data, methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire, which was given to a sample of local citizens in cities. To test the hypotheses, factor analyses, a t-test, and an ANOVA were conducted. The total number of respondents was 1798. The data gathered from the respondents of the sample were analyzed using SPSS Win 19.0 software. Perception towards the company was evaluated on the corporate favorite index (CFI). The CFI index shows how positive citizens feel towards a company. It is calculated using five leading factors, consisting of the following: contribution to the economy, productivity, international competitiveness, social contribution, and ethical management. The higher the level of positive feelings exhibited, the closer the index will come to 100. Results - As a result of the analysis, the CFI index towards the GSIC stood at 67.3. The CFI index towards the company is 16.5 points higher than that of the index towards the many other unspecified companies, which were surveyed by the bi-annual KCCI study in the first half of 2011. The other five indexes stood as follows: contribution to the economy, productivity, social contribution, and ethical management was 69.2, 71.2, 64.6, and 58.6, respectively. These indexes are 18.3, 4.6, 27.6, and 35.6, respectively, higher than those found by the KCCI study. However, international competitiveness is 73.0 (9.8 points lower than that of the KCCI study). This survey thus shows that the CFI of the local citizens towards the global company GSIC is very high when compared with the CFI index towards the many other unspecified companies that was determined by the KCCI survey. Conclusions - This survey shows that local citizens have high expectations of economic activity, increasing working opportunities, and regional cooperation projects from the local company, GSIC. In addition, the CFI index towards GSIC evaluates results depending on the respondent's relationship with the company, and their educational status. Respondents, whose family or relatives were working as employees of GSIC, have relatively positive perceptions of GSIC, and respondents with a relatively higher educational status also share positive perceptions. Local citizens expect the profit-making of the company to operate in accordance with management activities, and at the same time, they expect that the wealth generated by the company will return to wider society.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.13-34
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• 2018

In this case, research has been conducted to verify that the purpose of establishing a reputation for establishing a reputation for identifying brand equity is research and investigation in the context of establishing a reputation for establishing a reputation, and conducting research on CSR activities that are essential to the essential activities of companies. The survey conducted a survey on behalf of the National Center for Adult Women and Girls and Girls ' Generation, using the final round of Section 305 to develop a series of findings, including the analysis of the feasibility analysis, feasibility analysis, reliability, correlation analysis, and factors analysis. A summary of the effects of research on corporate reputation on corporate reputation according to corporate CSR activities is as follows. 1st. Brand equity will have a positive effect on the Company's reputation. The hypothesis had a significant impact on brand recognition, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, but did not have significant impact on the brand image. 2st. Brand equity will have a positive effect on ethical responsibility. The hypothesis had a significant impact on brand recognition, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, but did not have significant impact on the brand image. 3st, the brand equity will have a positive effect on the benefit of the benevolent. The hypothesis had a significant impact on brand recognition, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, but did not have significant impact on the brand image. 4st, The theory that the influence of positive(+) will affect the company's reputation has a significant impact on both ethical and philanthropic factors. 5st. The ethical responsibility was found to have no effect on the usefulness of the brand between brand assets and corporate reputation. 6st. The philanthropic responsibility was partly attributable to the fact that there was a substitution between brand equity and corporate reputation. In sum, the company needs to prioritize its brand recognition before establishing its reputation, and the reason why it should be implemented is that the other elements of the brand equity should be evaluated with the presence of other elements of the brand equity, thereby ensuring continued compliance with continuous CSR activities. As a result, consumers expect to see the performance-based role of the company as a strategic and long-term perspective, as consumers want to see the CSR activity and the corporate reputation in a long-term manner, as opposed to the financial responsibility and legal responsibilities of the past, as opposed to the past.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.135-166
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• 2014

'Creative Economy' has been announced as the new paradigm of socio-economic development strategy of newly elected President Geun-Hye Park's administration. By explicitly defining people as a major player in creative activity, it seems to depart from expert-driven or science & technology-focused development paradigms of previous administrations. Yet, its interpretation and operation in terms of government policy does not seem to show any differences. This study aims to explicate the nature of Creative Economy as a development paradigm by clarifying the differences between people's creativity and that of scientists and engineers through extensive literature review. People can contribute to the creative activity not just as users but also as living persons who make everyday yet independent choices based on their humanistic, philosophical, ethical and experiential capabilities which are clearly different from the sources of scientists' & engineers' creativity. People's creative activity does involve value judgement about life and can often accelerate the system innovation or transition by changing consumer behaviour and lifestyle, and hence destruct technological lock-in user lock-in of the existing system. People's creativity can thus present 'User/Field-driven Innovation Paradigm which clearly differs from existing expert- or science & technology-driven innovation paradigm. The Creative Economy with focus on people's creativity therefore faces new socio-economic development challenges of fulfilling the User/Field-driven Innovation Paradigm.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1998

This paper reviewed the concept of the energy flow in east and west. The differences in the views of the energy flow between oriental and western thought were compaired according to the ontological point of view. Human body take up energy and material on open system which maintains homeostasis. Human and environment are continuously interacting in a state of co-existence. Human has energy field called "aura" and seven chakra in energy outflow moving came as meridian. Qi is an invisible cosmic energy helping the fundamental human activity and changes. The basic action of Qi is helping the human growth and development, maintain the body temperature and preventing the intrusion of microorganism. In the normal healthy organism, all are maintained in balance and in a continuous circulation of Qi, while illness is the result of the disturbed Qi flow in the aspect of Qi-theory. Although there are differences between oriental and western medicine in approaches to clients, the basic point of view and philosophy have many similarities on fundamental level. An understanding of the basic thought of energy flow and oriental concept of energy flow implies a more comprehensive meaning than the perspective of unitary transformation discussed in modern western thought of energy flow. Now we should avoid narrow view of energy concept and regard energy flow as an integrated concept with Korean culture. Regarding Qi-theory which provides a comprehensive and humanistic and ethical foundation for nursing philisophy through this overview, it is hoped that a contribution will be made to the development of nursing intervention which is suitable to Korean context.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.181-195
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• 2013

This study investigates on emergent process of the library in Republic of Indonesia through historical review. Under the Dutch and Japanese colonial control for around 350 years, library played a role as information control center. After independence of Republic of Indonesia, library was built as a result of government literacy project, but it has not been settled down as a public information center. Therefore, as an alternative activity, community libraries have been constructed to give a books and programs with its local community users in a private sectors. This situation represents that it is urgent to discuss with all society sectors to improve library role as a lifelong learning center and give a way to have a cultural sprit the citizens. The study suggests several policy agendas to improve library's public role in Indonesia society.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.15-29
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine modern people's lifestyle and identify their needs by analyzing clothing behavior through city nomads' attitudes in dairy life, tastes, and methods to pursue in their life. This study tries to understand substitute values as ethical life emerging recently, free life style of mental emotion, clothing behaviors, and fashion style represented by the results. Upon observing city nomads' fashion trend, tunics symbolizing flexibility and comfort and simultaneously reflect colors in a monk style or from basic items that have been used. City nomads' fashion trend also reveals androgynous freeness-and-easiness. City nomads reflect a folksy inspiration, and different cultural perspectives appear in a mixed fashion. Multi-purpose gypsy/boho style is ideal for traveling and occupying smaller spaces in line with the nomadic lifestyle reflectings an American casual image partially by way of gypsy or bohemian nuances. Motorcycle jeans symbolizing functionality for traveling are becoming a part of everyday life. The fashions discussed are categorized as urban, tourer, sports and road. Everyday sportswear - athleisure - is attracting attention enabling a healthy and sound lifestyle. Athleisure is fashion wear harmonizing workplace with leisure, and everyday life and social gatherings. Athleisure represents a significant collapse of the boundary of high fashion and street fashion. Urban- tech wear is light and enables modern people to perform garment and gear functions simultaneously, making storage useful using various technical devices by elevating activity and functionality. Urban outdoor fashion holding functionality and adding modern fashion in appearance has appeared.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2007

Many diseases occur by stress or effect of stress. The basis for using hormones in research of stress is the observation that most systems in the body show changes during stress and that hormonal markers in these changes are related with stress. Conceptually, the central role of sympathetic nervous system(SNS) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis activity in stress provides copious justification for measuring hormonal changes. Catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine, cortisol, testosterone and growth hormone and so on show sensitive reaction to stress. The major advantage of salivary sample to stress research is that its sampling technique can be performed in non-stressful conditions and without physical restraint and ethical problems. Because hormone levels in saliva is a good reflection of hormone levels in plasma, application of stress hormones in saliva is very useful for research of orofacial pain related with stress.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.555-565
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop the contents of disaster nursing education in community health nursing at universities. Methods: To validate contents, the Delphi method was used. We categorized two domains(indirect disaster management and direct disaster management) and developed 48 draft items. This study applied two round surveys and 23 experts participated in this study. The content validity was calculated using content validity ratio and coefficient of variation. Results: Indirect disaster management domain was composed of three categories including 12 items: 1) Understanding of the disaster, 2) disaster management system, and 3) response by disaster stage and recovery. Direct disaster management domain was composed of nine categories including 30 items: 1) Ethical considerations, 2) communication in disasters, 3) nursing activity by disaster stage, 4) emergency nursing in disasters, 5) patient severity classification in disasters, 6) disaster nursing for vulnerable groups, 7) disaster nursing for victims, 8) psychosocial nursing and health in disasters, and 9) cases of disaster nursing in communities. Conclusion: This Delphi study identified the contents of disaster nursing education curriculum, and confirmed the validity for disaster education program in community health nursing. Based on the results, it will be helpful for training the disaster nursing and improving the competency on disaster nursing of the nursing students.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 2022

Objective: Animal-free scaffolds have emerged as a potential foundation for consistent, chemically defined, and low-cost materials. Because of its good potential for high biocompatibility with reproductive tissues and well-characterized scaffold design, we investigated whether polyglycolic acid (PGA) could be used as an animal-free scaffold instead of natural fibrin-agarose, which has been used successfully for three-dimensional human endometrial cell culture. Methods: Isolated primary endometrial cells was cultured on fibrin-agarose and PGA polymers and evaluated various design parameters, such as scaffold porosity and mean fiber diameter. Cytotoxicity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunostaining experiments were conducted to examine cell activity on fabricated scaffolds. Results: The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and SEM results showed that endometrial cells grew and proliferated on both scaffolds. Immunostaining showed cytokeratin and vimentin expression in seeded cells after 7 days of culture. On both scaffolds, an epithelial arrangement of cultured cells was found on the top layer and stromal arrangement matrix on the bottom layer of the scaffolds. Therefore, fibrin-agarose and PGA scaffolds successfully mimicked the human endometrium in a way suitable for in vitro analysis. Conclusion: Both fibrin-agarose and PGA scaffolds could be used to simulate endometrial structures. However, because of environmental and ethical concerns and the low cost of synthetic polymers, we recommend using PGA as a synthetic polymer for scaffolding in research instead of natural biomaterials.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the achievement of nursing program outcome among nursing students. Data were collected from December 7, 2021 to November 28, 2021, using a questionnaire for 141 fourth-grade college students in G-gun and C-city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 23 with limits, mean and standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. Results of the Study As for the program outcomes of nursing students' undergraduate degree program in nursing, Understanding the legal and ethical standards of nursing practice was the highest at 4.61 points and Global perception scored the lowest at 3.80 points. It was found that the higher the satisfaction with the department of nursing and the satisfaction with college life, the higher the program outcome achievement. Based on the research results, it is necessary to develop and apply a plan to improve by developing and applying curriculum and extracurricular activity programs in order to improve the global perception program outcome of the graduating year.