• 센서학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2019

Energy harvesting is an advantageous technology for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that dispenses with the need for periodic replacement of batteries. WSNs are composed of numerous sensors for the collection of data and communication; hence, they are important in the Internet of Things (IoT). However, due to low power generation and energy conversion efficiency, harvesting technologies have so far been utilized in limited applications. In this study, a piezoelectric energy harvester was modeled in a vibration environment. This harvester has an oval-shaped configuration as compared to the conventional cantilever-type piezoelectric energy harvester. An analytical model based on an equivalent circuit was developed to appraise the advantages of the oval-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester in which several structural parameters were optimized for higher output performance in given vibration environments. As a result, an oval-shaped energy harvester with an average output power of 2.58 mW at 0.5 g and 60 Hz vibration conditions was developed. These technical approaches provided an opportunity to appreciate the significance of autonomous sensor networks.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2019

In magnetically coupled resonant (MCR) wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, the introduction of additional intermediate coils is an effective means of improving transmission characteristics, including output power and transmission efficiency, when the transmission distance is increased. However, the position of intermediate coils in practice influences system performance significantly. In this research, a three-coil MCR WPT system is adopted as an exemplification for determining how the spatial position of coils affects transmission characteristics. With use of the fundamental harmonic analysis method, an equivalent circuit model of the system is built to reveal the relationship between the output power, the transmission efficiency, and the spatial scales, including the axial, lateral, and angular misalignments of the intermediate and receiving coils. Three cases of transmission characteristics versus different spatial scales are evaluated. Results indicate that the system can achieve relatively stable transmission characteristics with deliberate adjustments in the position of the intermediate and receiving coils. A prototype of the three-coil MCR WPT system is built and analyzed, and the experimental results are consistent with those of the theoretical analysis.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1365-1381
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• 2023

In this paper, a procedure for evaluating the structural integrity of the PCSG (Printed Circuit Steam Generator) unit block is presented with a simplified FE (finite element) analysis technique by applying the homogenization method. The homogenization method converts an inhomogeneous elastic body into a homogeneous elastic body with same mechanical behaviour. This method is effective when the inhomogeneous elastic body has repetitive microstructures, and thus the method was applied to the sheet assembly among the PCSG unit block components. From the method, the homogenized equivalent elastic constants of the sheet assembly were derived. The validity of the determined material properties was verified by comparing the mechanical behaviour with the reference model. Thermo-mechanical analysis was then performed to evaluate the structural integrity of the PCSG unit block, and it was found that the contact region between the steam header and the sheet assembly is a critical point where large bending stress occurs due to the temperature difference.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.679-691
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• 2013

High-power electromagnetic transmitter power supplies are an important part of deep geophysical exploration equipment. This is especially true in complex environments, where the ability to produce a highly accurate and stable output and safety through redundancy have become the key issues in the design of high-power electromagnetic transmitter power supplies. To solve these issues, a high-frequency switching power cascade based emission power supply is designed. By combining the circuit averaged model and the equivalent controlled source method, a modular mathematical model is established with the on-state loss and transformer induction loss being taken into account. A triple-loop control including an inner current loop, an outer voltage loop and a load current forward feedback, and a digitalized voltage/current sharing control method are proposed for the realization of the rapid, stable and highly accurate output of the system. By using a new algorithm referred to as GAPSO, which integrates a genetic algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm, the parameters of the controller are tuned. A multi-module cascade helps to achieve system redundancy. A simulation analysis of the open-loop system proves the accuracy of the established system and provides a better reflection of the characteristics of the power supply. A parameter tuning simulation proves the effectiveness of the GAPSO algorithm. A closed-loop simulation of the system and field geological exploration experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the control method. This ensures both the system's excellent stability and the output's accuracy. It also ensures the accuracy of the established mathematical model as well as its ability to meet the requirements of practical field deep exploration.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 1995

높은 결합계수를 가진 압전진동자의 전기단자에 전기적 임피던스를 결합하면 공진주파수가 크게 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 이 현상의 해석을 위하여 전기단자의 부하상태를 고려한 새로운 전송선로형 등가회로를 제안하고, 그 등가회로의 유효성을 실험적으로 확인하였다. 실험에 있어서는 2층구조의 주파수 가변형 PZT 트랜스듀서를 제작, 그 전기단자에 접속시킨 임피던스의 변화에 따른 공진주파수의 변화와 실효감쇠량을 측정하였다. 제작된 트랜스듀서의 공진주파수는 180 KHz~580KHz의 넓은 주파수 대역에서 연속적으로 변화하고, 330KHz~470KHz에서의 실효감쇠량은 7dB이하의 높은 효율을 나타내었는데, 이 결과는 제안한 등가회로에 의한 해석결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.907-913
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• 1998

전기화학적 임피던스법(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS)을 사용하여 염소이온에 의한 철근 콘크리트의 부식현상을 연구하였다. 콘크리트를 만들 때 물에 용해된 상태의 염소이온은 콘크리트 내부에 존재하게 되며, 이 염소이온의 농도를 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 재령 400일 이상 EIS법으로 측정한 결과, 세밀한 전기화학적 등가회로 및 물리적 모델을 구성하였으며, 얻어진 임피던스 파라미터로부터 철근 콘크리트의부식현상을 물리적 모델로 설명할 수 있었다. 실험에서 얻은 측정값과 CNLS(complex nonlinear least squares) fitting법으로 구한 값은 잘 일치하였으며, 모델로부터 얻어진 임피던스 상수를 이용하여 부식 속도를 계산할 수 있어 이를 통한 부식 속도 예측이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1297-1300
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• 2008

A conventional linear accelerator system requires a flat-topped pulse with less than ${\pm}$ 0.5% ripple to meet the beam energy spread requirements and to improve pulse efficiency of RF systems. A pulse transformer is one of main determinants on the output pulse voltage shape. The pulse transformer was investigated and analyzed with the pulse response characteristics using a simplified equivalent circuit model. The damping factor ${\sigma}$ must be >0.86 to limit the overshoot to less than 0.5% during the flat-top phase. The low leakage inductance and distributed capacitance are often limiting factors to obtain a fast rise time. These parameters are largely controlled by the physical geometry and winding configuration of the transformer. A rise time can be improved by reducing the number of turns, but it produces larger pulse droop and requires a larger core size. By tradeoffs among these parameters, the high-voltage pulse transformer with a pulse width of 10 ${\mu}s$, a rise time of 0.84 ${\mu}s$, and a pulse droop of 2.9% has been designed and fabricated to drive a klystron which has an output voltage of 284 kV, 30-MW peak and 60-kW average RF output power. This paper describes design optimization of a high-voltage pulse transformer for high-power pulsed applications. The experimental results were analyzed and compared with the design. The design and optimal tuning parameter of the system was identified using the model simulation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2005

배경: 체외순환장치 중 막형산화기를 사용하는 인공심폐기나 생명구조장치(Extra-corporeal Life Support System; ECLS)는 혈액이 통과하기 위해 막형산화기 전방에 구동점프가 요구된다. 국내에서 개발된 박동식 생명구조장치(T-PLS)의 경우는 막형산화기가 두 개의 혈액주머니 사이에 위치하여 액츄에이터가 번갈아 까내는 구조로 되어 있다 저자 등은, 만일 저항이 낮은 gravity-flow hollow fiber 막형산화기를 사용한다면 두 개의 혈액주머니와 박동점프를 막형산화기 후방에 설치하는 것이 가능하며, 이러한 구조는 같은 펌프박동 조건에서 2배의 맥박수를 보장하므로 펌프박출량이 증가될 것으로 가정하였다. 본 실험은 한국형 생명구조장치의 회로구성을 최적화하기 위해 계획되었으며, 기존의 막형산화기를 사용한 직렬회로구조와 gravity-flow hollow fiber 막형산화기를 이용한 병렬회로 구조를 박동에너지와 펌프박출량을 이용하여 비교하였다. 대상 및 방법: 실험은 $35\~45kg$의 돼지 12마리에서 심실세동혈 심정지 모델을 만들었으며, T-PLS 회로구성 형태에 따라 두 군으로 나누었다. 직렬군은 두 개의 혈액주머니 중간에 기존 막형산화기를 직렬로 설치하였으며, 병렬군은 gravity-flow hollow fiber막형산화기 후방에 이중구동점프를 병렬로 설치하였다. 펌프박출량은 대동맥 도관에서 직접 혈류를 측정하였고, 등가압력에너지(EEP)는 실시간으로 컴퓨터에 저장된 펌프박출곡선과 하행대동맥 혈압곡선에서 계산하였다. 각 지표는 점프속도 30, 40, 50 BPM에서 매번 측정하였다. 결과: 두 군 모두 박동에너지 측면에서 충분한 박동성을 보여주었다. 점프속도 30, 40, 50 BPM에서 EEP와 평균동맥압의 변화율은 병렬군의 경우 $13.0\pm.7\%,\;12.0\pm1.9\%,\;and\;7.6\pm0.9\%$였으며, 직렬군의 경우 $22.5\pm2.4\%,\;23.2\pm1.9\%,\;and\;21.8\pm1.4\%$였다. 점프박출량의 경우는 점프속도 40, 50 BPM에서 병렬군의 경우 $3.1\pm0.2\;and\;3.7\pm0.2L/min$였으며, 직렬군의 경우 $2.2\pm0.1\;and\;2.5\pm0.1\;L/min$였다(p<0.05). 결론: 혈류 저항이 낮은 gravity-flow 막형산화기를 사용하여 T-PLS 구동점프를 병렬회로로 배치할 경우 효과적인 박동성은 유지하면서, 기존의 막형산화기를 이용한 직렬회로 구조에 비해 점프박출량을 증가시켰다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 측정된 S-파라미터로부터 추출된 Nano-scale MOSFET 등가회로 파라미터의 scaling 방정식을 사용하여 차단주파수의 게이트 길이 종속성을 모델화하였다. 모델된 차단주파수는 게이트 길이가 줄어듬에 따라서 크게 증가하다가, 점점 증가율이 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 게이트 길이가 감소함에 따라 내부전달시간은 크게 줄어들지만, 외부 기생 충전시간은 상대적으로 조금씩 감소하기 때문이다. 이와 같은 새로운 게이트길이 종속 모델은 Nano-scale MOSFET의 RF성능을 최적화시키는 데 큰 도움이 될 것이다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis, which has been used to assess an alteration in intracellular fluid (ICF) of the body, was applied to detect intravenous infiltration. The experimental results are described as follows. Firstly, when infiltration occurred, the resistance gradually decreased with time and frequency i.e., the resistance decreased with increasing time, proportional to the amount of infiltrated intravenous (IV) solution. At each frequency, the resistance gradually decreased with time, indicating the IV solution (also blood) accumulated in the extracellular fluid (ECF) (including interstitial fluid). Secondly, the resistance ratio started to increase at infiltration, showing the highest value after 1.4 min of infiltration, and gradually decreased thereafter. Thirdly, the impedance ($Z_C$) of cell membrane decreased significantly (especially at 50 kHz) during infiltration and gradually decreased thereafter. Fourthly, Cole-Cole plot indicated that the positions of (R, $X_C$) shifted toward left owing to infiltration, reflecting the IV solution accumulated in the ECF. The resistance ($R_0$) at zero frequency decreased continuously over time, indicating that it is a vital impedance parameter capable of detecting early infiltration during IV infusion. Finally, the mechanism of the current flowing through the ECF, cell membrane, and ICF in the subcutaneous tissues was analyzed as a function of time before and after infiltration, using an equivalent circuit model of the human cell. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the infiltration could be detected early using these impedance parameters during the infusion of IV solution.