• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.569-589
• /
• 2007

This paper presents an analytical model for RC beam-column connections that takes into account bond deterioration between reinforcing steel and concrete. The model is based on the Lumped Damage Mechanics (LDM) theory which allows for the characterization of cracking, degradation and yielding, and is extended in this paper by the inclusion of the slip effect as observed in those connections. Slip is assumed to be lumped at inelastic hinges. Thus, the concept of "slip hinge", based on the Coulomb friction plasticity theory, is formulated. The influence of cracking on the slip behavior is taken into account by using two concepts of LDM: the effective moment on an inelastic hinge and the strain equivalence hypothesis. The model is particularly suitable for wide beam-column connections for which bond deterioration dominates the hysteretic response. The model was evaluated by the numerical simulation of five tests reported in the literature. It is found that the model reproduces closely the observed behavior.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.215-229
• /
• 2018

Despite the importance of learning to do mathematical proofs, researchers have reported that not only secondary school students but also undergraduate students have difficulties in learning proofs. In this study, we introduced a new toll for learning proofs and explored the reliability and the validity of peer assessment on proofs. In the course of a university in Seoul, students were given weekly proof assignments prior to class. After solving the proofs, each student had to assess other students' proofs. The inter-rater reliabilities of weekly peer assessment was higher than .9 over 90 percent of the observed cases. To examine the validity of peer assessment, we check whether students' assessments were similar to expert assessment. Analysis showed that the equivalence has been quite high throughout the semester and the validity was low in the middle of the semester but rose by the end of the semester. Based on these results, we believe instructors can consider the application of peer assessment on proving tasks as a tool to help students learn.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.1221-1248
• /
• 2022

In this paper we study the theory of knotoids and braidoids and the theory of pseudo knotoids and pseudo braidoids on the torus T. In particular, we introduce the notion of mixed knotoids in S², that generalizes the notion of mixed links in S³, and we present an isotopy theorem for mixed knotoids. We then generalize the Kauffman bracket polynomial, <; >, for mixed knotoids and we present a state sum formula for <; >. We also introduce the notion of mixed pseudo knotoids, that is, multi-knotoids on two components with some missing crossing information. More precisely, we present an isotopy theorem for mixed pseudo knotoids and we extend the Kauffman bracket polynomial for pseudo mixed knotoids. Finally, we introduce the theories of mixed braidoids and mixed pseudo braidoids as counterpart theories of mixed knotoids and mixed pseudo knotoids, respectively. With the use of the L-moves, that we also introduce here for mixed braidoid equivalence, we formulate and prove the analogue of the Alexander and the Markov theorems for mixed knotoids. We also formulate and prove the analogue of the Alexander theorem for mixed pseudo knotoids.

• 논리연구
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.217-241
• /
• 2015

브랜덤은 지칭의 대용어 이론을 주장한다. 이 이론에 따르면 지칭은 언어적인 것들 사이의 대용어적 의존관계이지 결코 언어적인 것과 비언어적인 것 사이의 실질적 관계가 아니다. 또한 '지칭한다'는 '''라이프니츠"라고 지칭된 사람'과 같은 대용어적 간접 기술어구를 형성하기 위해 사용되는 대명사형성 조작어이다. 그런데 최근 보베는 이 이론에 대해 세 가지 비판들을 제기한다. 첫째, 대용어 이론은 일상적 기술어구와 대용어적 간접 기술어구를 반복 가능성 조건으로 구분한다. 그러나 이 조건은 대용어적 간접 기술어구들이 고유한 의미론적 범주를 형성한다고 주장할 수 있는 적절한 근거가 아니다. 둘째, '그'와 같은 대명사를 포함한 문장과 '''라이프니츠"라고 지칭된 사람'과 같은 대용어적 간접 기술어구를 포함한 문장은 양상적 위상에서 차이가 있다. 따라서 대용어적 간접 기술구들은 의미론적으로 전형적인 대용어들과 다르다. 셋째, 대용어 이론에 따르면 'a' 형태의 표현들과 이에 대응하는 '''a"에 의해 지칭되는 것'은 서로 대체될 수 있다. 그런데 대용어, 선행어 등과 같은 개념들 대신 동등함, 대체가능성 등과 같이 보다 일반적인 의미론적 개념들을 사용함으로써 동등한 주장을 할 수 있기 때문에 대용어 이론은 설명적으로 공허하다. 이 논문에서 필자는 보베의 비판들이 지칭의 대용어 이론에 큰 문젯거리가 아님을 주장한다. 이를 통해 지칭의 대용어 이론이 '지칭한다'에 관해 옳은 통찰을 주는 유망한 이론이라고 주장한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.377-382
• /
• 2021

X와 Y사이의 퍼지 관계를 곱집합 X × Y의 퍼지 부분집합으로 Zadeh에 의해 처음으로 소개된 이후 퍼지집합에 대한 개념은 자연과학 및 컴퓨터과학에서 많은 연구성과가 이루어져 왔다. 그 결과 Muralli와 Nemitz는 동치관계 및 함수와 관련하여 퍼지관계를 연구하였고, Ounalli와 Jaoua는 중요한 수학적 도구로서 퍼지 다이펑션날 관계를 정의하여 소프트디자인과 데이터베이스 이론에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 증명되었으며, 또한 프로그램 표식과 프로그램 정확도를 정의하는데 유용한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 논문에서는 한 집합 위에 퍼지 디터미니스틱 관계를 정의하여 퍼지 디터미니스틱 관계를 레벨 부분집합으로 특성화 하였고, 퍼지 디터미니스틱 관계와 관련하여 일부 성질을 증명하였다. 특히, 퍼지 디터미니스틱 관계와 퍼지 함수가 동치임을, 퍼지 함수가 퍼지 다이펑션날 관계가 동치임을 증명하였다.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지능시스템학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
• /
• pp.195-198
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we consider Lebesgue-type theorems in non-additive measure theory and then investigate interval-valued Choquet integrals and interval-valued fuzzy integral with respect to a additive monotone set function. Furthermore, we discuss the equivalence among the Lebesgue's theorems, the monotone convergence theorems of interval-valued fuzzy integrals with respect to a monotone set function and find some sufficient condition that the monotone convergence theorem of interval-valued Choquet integrals with respect to a monotone set function holds.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.749-753
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we consider Lebesgue-type theorems in non-additive measure theory and then investigate interval valued Choquet integrals and interval-valued fuzzy integral with respect to a additive monotone set function. Furthermore, we discuss the equivalence among the Lebesgue's theorems, the monotone convergence theorems of interval-valued fuzzy integrals with respect to a monotone set function and find some sufficient condition that the monotone convergence theorem of interval-valued Choquet integrals with respect to a monotone set function holds.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.505-516
• /
• 2008

Image which appears in fashion illustration on the late twentieth century is not the representative image as an equivalence to the real fashion styles but the virtual image which bears no relation to any reality. The purpose of this study is review the concept of virtuality and analyze in which way virtual image is expressed in fashion illustrations on the background of Jean Baudrillard's simulacre theory. In post-modem paintings the expression methods of image-virtualization were image mixing through photo-image appropriation, image overlapping, and the icons inserted unreasonably, the focus-out effect through scrubbing and the over-painting on the photograph. Image-virtualization in fashion illustration was expressed through image mixing and expression of image uncertainty. Image mixing was made by photo-image appropriation, image overlapping, connection of heterogeneous images and using interface image, and uncertain image was expressed through the expression of visual ambiguity and virtual movement.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제22권1_2호
• /
• pp.425-434
• /
• 2006

The process of producing 1,3-preprandiol by microorganism continuous cultivation would attain its equilibrium state. How to get the highest concentration of 1,3-propanediol at that time is the aim for producers. Based on this fact, an optimization model is introduced in this paper, existence of optimal solution is proved. By infinite-dimensional optimal theory, the optimal condition of model is given and the equivalence between optimal condition and the zero of optimality function is proved.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.377-387
• /
• 2015

The area under the ROC curve can be represented by both Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon rank sum statistics. Consider an ROC surface and manifold equal to three dimensions or more. This paper finds that the volume under the ROC surface (VUS) and the hypervolume under the ROC manifold (HUM) could be derived as functions of both conditional Mann-Whitney statistics and conditional Wilcoxon rank sum statistics. The nullhypothesis equal to three distribution functions or more are identical can be tested using VUS and HUM statistics based on the asymptotic large sample theory of Wilcoxon rank sum statistics. Illustrative examples with three and four random samples show that two approaches give the same VUS and $HUM^4$. The equivalence of several distribution functions is also tested with VUS and $HUM^4$ in terms of conditional Wilcoxon rank sum statistics.