• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.73-85
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• 2003

With more and more people paying attention to substantial democracy, participatory democracy is presented as a practical strategy and an index of Korean democracy. In this social and political atmosphere, participation in environmental planning and design is essential. Nonetheless, the true meaning of “participation” is not used properly because many people do not understand it correctly, The concept of social and political participation is “the action or attempt of ordinary members of society for affecting on the result of decision making.” Based on this concept, participation is accomplished through conventional means and as a form of mobilization in environmental planning and desist Most of the theories on public participation in landscape architecture are technical theories. Therefore, this paper proposes that planning and design of landscape architecture be understood as a communicative action that aims to enable stakeholders to reach a consensus through communication. This study offers the framework of theory to understand and practice planning and design of landscape architecture as a communicative action, after reviewing communicative action theory and communicative planning theory. Results suggest that communicative action theory should be accepted in landscape architecture to overcome the shortcomings of instrumental rationality -- the same way planning theory accepted this theory --and to join the culture of experts focusing on the artistic truth and the culture of life of the world. In addition, accepting communicative action theory enables the acquisition of the instrumental effect and social learning effect and the making of social capital. This study also suggested prerequisite for using the method. There should be change in the social institution and in individual action. In addition the method is composed of three steps: creating the atmosphere for communication; communicating, and; reaching a consensus among stakeholders. Finally, raising the possibility of applying the theory presented in this study requires the accumulation of know-how through trial and error.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.147-147
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• 1999

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.6
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• pp.737-746
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• 2020

This paper attempts to investigate the free vibration of functionally graded material beams with nonuniform width based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The theoretical formulations are established following the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the governing equations of motion of the system are derived from the minimum total potential energy principle using the nonlocal elasticity theory. In addition, the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) is applied, along with the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto polynomials, in order to determine the weighting coefficient matrices. Furthermore, the effects of the nonlocal parameter, cross-section area of the functionally graded material (FGM) beam and various boundary conditions on the natural frequencies are examined. It is observed that the nonlocal parameter and boundary conditions significantly influence the natural frequencies of the functionally graded material beam cross-section. The results obtained, using the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) under various boundary conditions, are found in good agreement with analytical and numerical results available in the literature.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2002

So far, the environmentally responsible behavior(ERB) model has been applied successfully to explain environment behaviors. But the ERB model has several limitations such as underestimation of social factors on environment behaviors. This study planned to point out that the emotional aspects should be considered seriously for explaining human's behaviors to conserve the environment in the ERB model. In this study, the effects of emotional aspects, such as perceived severity or perceived danger, on environment behaviors were investigated and the protective motivation theory(Rogers, 1983) and the ERB-based tentative model were compared Results showed that teenagers in urban areas realized clearly the severity and danger of environmental threats and do environmentally responsible behaviors more than ones in rural areas. Two model's goodness of fit to explain observed environment behaviors were analyzed through the regression analysis and the AMOS analysis. In the regression analysis, self-efficacy, confirmity toward social norm, and knowledge were involved in the regression equation as statistically meaningful variables in the ERB-based tentative model and self-efficacy and perceived severity were involved in the protective motivation theory. Especially, the AMOS analysis showed that the protective motivation theory was more valid model lot explaining environment behaviors than the ERB-based tentative model. In conclusion, it is reasonable that emotional aspects should be considered as meaningful variables for explaining environment behaviors.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.116-132
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• 2001

The goal of the environmental education in High School is to make students survey and work out the issues on environment and to help them continue and improve the work. It is important that we should educate students the rational ability of decision-making. The more they can make decisions rationally, the more they participate actively in that. The purpose of this study is to develope the model of a new teaching-learning method coinciding with the goal of the environmental education of Social studies in High School. This study is backed up by the following developing processes. To begin with, the contents related to environmental problems in Social Studies Curriculum are being investigated. To urge the importance of STS(Science, Technology and Society), 1 will present the righteous understanding of Science in societal contexts, the development of rational decision-making abilities, and the cognitive connections between society and science. For this, 1'm representing a new model of learning-teaching method, backed up by Constructivism, especially Vygotsky's ZPD theory, giving 4 steps from everyday concepts to natural lingistic thought. Based on the above hypothesis, at last I will represent a STS whose topic is a problem of beach preservation because I intend to show the possibility of STS on the environmental education of Social Studies through this study. This study will help us lay a foundation stone of introducing STS in environmental education of Social Studies.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.671-693
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• 2005

This paper is to explore critically environmentalism, especially in terms of environmental justice, suggested or implied in theory of liberalism which has been the ideological foundation of contemporary society. It begins with a brief look at liberal perspective in a broad sense, then interprets in-depth the classical liberalism of J. Locke, libertarianism (esp. R. Nozick) and utilitarianism (including cost-benefit analysis) from the environmental point of view. And finally it considers liberal pluralism and other alternative theories of pluralism, especially communitarianism (esp M. Walzer), postmodern pluralism (esp. I. Young), and cultural pluralism (esp. C. Taylor) in order to overcome limitations of liberal environmentalism and to find out some clues for theory of environmental justice. In conclusion, this paper argues that we need to transfer from liberalism (including liberal pluralism) to critical pluralism in oder to develop a proper understanding of environmental problems and to conceptualize a desirable theory of environmental justice.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.487-513
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• 2003

Currently, development of environmental index has been an increasingly important issue to achieve sustainable development, providing critical information to policy-makers. In particular, marine environmental composite index for Korea is widely required to establish. This paper constructs a marine environmental composite index using the OECD pressure-state-response (PSR) framework and employing multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). The PSR framework links human activities as a pressure to environmental state and policy response. Weights are calculated by the MAUT technique. The paper provides annual pressure, state, response indices, and state index by sea area from 1991 to 2001 in Korea. The implications of the results and application plan of the index are also discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2010

Brebbia's model has been analyzed to develop the appropriate waterworks management system in Korea, and compared with the conventional models such as EPANET, WaterCad, and InfoWorks. The hydraulic theory of the models was analyzed. Each model's numerical techniques, required parameters, input data and operational methodologies, restrictions, practical applicability and other aspects were investigated. In order to check the validity of Brebbia model, the comparative analysis with EPANET, WaterCAD, and InfoWorks models was performed for linear and nonlinear cases. To find out advantages and disadvantages of each model, the modeling was performed for a simple network and for more complicated A city waterworks system, and the three models applicability was examined. Finally, optimal modeling technique and a model suitable for the use in Korea was suggested, and the problems related to present projects of waterworks management system in Korea were analyzed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.863-870
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• 2004

The main objectives of this research are to analyse and evaluate the demolishing walls initiative in Daegu city as the collaborative urban environment improvement initiative in South Korea using the actor network theory concept. Local authorities are unable to effectively and efficiently improve urban environment because of their limited statutory and financial powers. This inability crucially led to the formation of the demolishing walls initiative in Daegu city with building a coalition of the local people, interest groups and public and non-governmental organisations in the operational processes in order to improve the physical and social urban environments. Furthermore, co-ordination between local authorities and landscape architecture specialists not only to change the way in which they tackle urban environmental problems but also to make the local people aware of their potential ability in positively improving the urban environment.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.551-568
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• 2019

This proposed project presents the bi-axial and uni-axial stability behavior of laminated composite plates based on an original three variable "refined" plate theory. The important "novelty" of this theory is that besides the inclusion of a cubic distribution of transverse shear deformations across the thickness of the structure, it treats only three variables such as conventional plate theory (CPT) instead five as in the well-known theory of "first shear deformation" (FSDT) and theory of "higher order shear deformation" (HSDT). A "shear correction coefficient" is therefore not employed in the current formulation. The computed results are compared with those of the CPT, FSDT and exact 3D elasticity theory. Good agreement is demonstrated and proved for the present results with those of "HSDT" and elasticity theory.