• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2017년도 제55차 동계학술대회논문집 25권1호
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• pp.267-268
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• 2017

인류는 이동수단의 발전으로 많은 편리함을 누리고 있다. 그러나 발전하는 만큼 대기오염의 문제도 증가하고 있다. 이를 해결하기위해 친환경 자동차가 대안으로 떠오르고 있으나, 저속주행시의 엔진음이 미세하여 좁은길이나 골목길 에서의 보행자 교통사고가 증가하고 있다. 이를 해결하기위해 VESS가 개발되었다. 본 논문에서는 보행자 청각 특성을 고려한 가상 엔진음 설계를 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 보행자 사고 예방 및 생명과 재산보호에 도움이 되길 바란다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.985-993
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• 2012

In this paper, a new method is proposed to estimate the sound pressure generated from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. There are many noise sources as much as components in GDI engine. Among these components, fuel pump, fuel injector, fuel rail, pressure pump and intake/exhaust manifolds are major components generated from top of the engine. In order to estimate the contribution of these components to engine noise, the total sound pressure at the front of the engine is estimated by using airborne source quantification (ASQ) method. Airborne source quantification method requires the acoustic source volume velocity of each component. The volume velocity has been calculated by using the inverse method. The inverse method requires many tests and has ill-condition problem. This paper suggested a method to obtain volume velocity directly based on the direct measurement of sound intensity and particle velocity. The method is validated by using two known monopole sources installed at the anechoic chamber. Finally the proposed method is applied to the identification and contribution of noise sources caused by the GDI components of the test engine.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1980

This paper describes the measurement of the underwater noises produced by the engine vibration around the engine room of stern trawler MIS Sae-Ba-Da(2275GT, 3,600 PS) and pole kner M/S Kwan-Ak-San (243 GT, 1000 PS) while the ship is stopping. The underwater noise pressure level was measured with the underwater level meter of which measuring range is 100 to 200 dB(re bLPa). A and B denotes the maximum pressure level measured at right beneath the bottom of the engine room, while the main engine of the Sae-Ba-Da revoluted at 750 and 500 rpm, respectively. C denotes that of the main engine of the Kwan-Ak-San revoluted at 350 rpm, and D that of the generator of the Sae-Ba-Da revoluted at 720 rpm. Thus A, B, C and D were set for the standard sound source for the experiment. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The noise Pressure level at A, B, C and D were 170.5,165,153 and 158dB, respectively. 2. When the check points distanted vertically 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50m from the sound source, the underwater noise presure levels were 170.5, 155, 148, 144 and 138 dB and the directional angle was 116\ulcorner in case of A. 3. The sound level attenuated at the rate of 20dB per 10" meters of the horizontal distance from the sound sources. 4. The frequency distribution of the noise was 100Hz to 10KHz and predominant frequency was 700 to 800Hzminant frequency was 700 to 800Hz

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.622-625
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• 2007

For optimizing the performance of SI engine such as engine torque, fuel consumption, and emissions, systems for variable valve timing were developed by many automotive researchers. In this work, we investigated the relationship between valve timing and intake orifice noise to improve the NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) performance as well as engine torque and power. Two approaches are conducted, which are engine dynamometer testing and 1-D simulation analysis. Experimental data were measured on about 21 different operating conditions. This experiment shows that the intake and exhaust valve timing related to overlap period influence on the NVH performance, especially intake orifice noise of engine at given range of operation conditions. Similar results are achieved by using 1-D simulation analysis. It is concluded that the optimal strategies of controlling valve timing and tuning intake systems, are necessary to develop engines or vehicles with good sound quality.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement scale for evaluating the auditory affect of automobile engine sounds. Methods: In order to collect affective vocabulary, literature review, user tests, and expert interviews were conducted. Affective vocabulary related to automobile engine sounds was selected through three methods. To develop the evaluation scale, open/close card-sorting and expert interview-based survey method was used. Results: The results of this study are as follows; In order to select the main affective vocabulary from the collected vocabulary, 39 vocabularies with a frequency of 5 or higher were selected as vocabulary expressing the main auditory affect of automobile engine sounds. Each affective vocabulary is divided into three di- mensions, it was confirmed that the conceptual model for the auditory affect of automobile engine sounds is composed of three levels: intuitive, descriptive, and evaluative of hierarchical structure. As a result of the study, four indices of intuitive dimension, seven indices of descriptive dimension, and one index of evaluative dimension were derived from the evaluation scale of the auditory affect in an automobile engine sound. Conclusion: The auditory evaluation scale developed in this study can be used to systematically measure and evaluate the auditory affect of automobile engine sounds.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권7호
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 2016

Hearing impaired persons are exposed to the danger since they can't be aware of many dangerous situations like fire alarms, car hones and so on. Therefore they need haptic or visual informations when they meet dangerous situations. In this paper, we design a dangerous sound detection engine for hearing impaired. We consider four dangerous indoor situations such as a boiled sound of kettle, a fire alarm, a door bell and a phone ringing. For outdoor, two dangerous situations such as a car horn and a siren of emergency vehicle are considered. For a test, 6 data sets are collected from those six situations. we extract LPC, LPCC and MFCC as feature vectors from the collected data and compare the vectors for feasibility. Finally we design a matching engine using an artificial neural network and perform classification tests. We perform classification tests for 3 times considering the use outdoors and indoors. The test result shows the feasibility for the dangerous sound detection.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 TMS3320F2812 신호처리기를 이용하여 가야금과 태평소의 사운드 엔진을 구현하였다. Commuted Waveguide Synthesis (CWS) 기반의 가야금과 태평소 모델을 신호처리기에 탑재하고 악기 선택 버튼을 두어 해당 악기의 사운드 샘플을 매 일정 시간마다 합성하도록 하였다. 합성음은 SPI 통신을 이용하여 DAC로 전송되며 오디오 인터페이스를 거쳐 스피커를 통해 재생된다. 합성 모델의 지연 라인은 합성음의 피치를 조절하는데, 이 지연라인의 길이를 결정하기 위해 GPIO를 이용하여 한 샘플을 합성하는데 필요한 시간을 측정하였다. 가야금은 $28.6{\mu}s$, 태평소는 $21{\mu}s$가 소요되었다. 태평소와 가야금의 동시 발음수를 고려하였을 때 태평소는 동시 발음수 1을 가지므로 $21{\mu}s$, 가야금은 일반적으로 동시 발음수가 2이므로 $57.2{\mu}s$의 연산시간이 필요하다. 이는 실시간 연주가 충분히 가능한시간이다. 제안한 사운드 엔진의 경우, 인터럽트 서비스 루틴에서 각 사운드 샘플의 합성과 DAC로의 전송이 일어난다. 인터럽트 서비스 루틴은 시스템의 안정성을 보장하기 위해 타이머의 주기 매칭 이벤트를 이용하여 $60{\mu}s$마다 주기적으로 호출된다. 이와 같이 합성된 음을 녹음하여 원음과 스펙트럼으로 비교한 결과, 가야금은 원음과 매우 유사한 음을 합성할 수 있었고, 태평소는 '무(無), 황(黃), 태(太), 중(仲)' 음을 제외한 나머지 음에 대해서 태평소의 음색을 잘 표현하는 음을 합성 할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2004

This study presents the reconstruction of sound field radiated from an automotive engine using equivalent sources. Basic concept of the method presented is to replace the engine noise source with elementary sources of multipoles, e.g., monopoles and dipoles. The so-called Helmholtz equation least-squares (HELS) method can reconstruct the sound radiation fields from spherical geometries in a series expansion of spherical Hankel functions and spherical harmonics. In this paper, multi-Point, multipole equivalent sources are employed to reconstruct the sound field radiated from an automotive engine with a fixed rotation speed. To ensure and improve the accuracy of reconstruction, the spatial filters of multipole coefficients and wave-vectors are adopted for suppressing the adverse effect of high-order multipoles. Optimal filter shapes are designed with regularization parameters minimizing the generalized cross validation (GCV) function between actual and reproduced model. After regeneration of field pressures using the proposed method as many as necessary, the vibro-acoustic field of an engine could be reconstructed by using the BEM-based near-field acoustic holography (NAH) technique in a cost-effective manner.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1547-1552
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• 2017

전기자동차는 내연기관차와 달리 엔진 소리가 거의 없고 매우 조용하여 다양한 문제를 발생시킨다. 예를 들면, 보행자들이 차가 다가오는 것을 느낄 수 없어 안전에 큰 위협이 된다. 또한 운전자는 자신의 자동차가 어느 정도 속도로 달리고 있는지 청각적으로 인식할 수 없게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 전기자동차는 인위적으로 엔진소리를 만들어 재생하여야 한다. 이 논문은 기존 전기자동차의 샘플링 방식의 엔진 사운드 방식에 대해 알아보고 그 문제점을 알아본다. 향상방안으로 본 논문에서는 기존 샘플링 방식 대신 소프트웨어 신디사이저의 알고리즘을 구현하고 프로그래밍 언어를 통해 엔진 사운드를 소프트웨어적으로 구현한다. 신디사이저를 이용한 방식이 기존 샘플링 방식에 비해 우수한 성능을 가진 것으로 실험결과를 통해 입증되었다. 또한, 이러한 엔진 사운드 신디사이징을 통해 점차 보급률이 높아지고 있는 전기자동차의 안전성과 운전의 편의성, 즐거움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.569-574
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• 2011

In research vessels or naval ships, airborne noise from machineries such as diesel engine is the major source of underwater noise at low speed. In this paper, effect of engine noise on underwater noise is studied by considering two paths; sound radiation from hull plate and direct airborne noise transmission through hull plate. SEA (Statistical energy analysis) is used to predict hull plate vibration induced by engine noise, where SEA model consists of only two subsystems; engine room air space and hull plate. The pressure level in water is calculated from sound radiation by plate. Engine noise transmission through hull plate is obtained by assuming plane wave propagation in air-limp plate-water system. Two effects are combined and compared to the measurement, where speaker is used as a source in engine room and sound pressure levels in engine room and water are measured. The hydrophone is located 1 m away from the hull plate. It is found below 1000 Hz, prediction overestimates underwater sound pressure level by 5 to 12 dB.