• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 2012

There is a large body of literature that studies serious leisure participants in a wide range of activities. By comparison, casual leisure has received scant attention, bearing few empirical studies. And serious leisure is often cast in an superior role in comparison with casual leisure for optimally healthy or beneficial leisure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological functioning of 'casual leisure-serious leisure'. Especially, we pay more attention to reveal the positive functioning of casual leisure. It draws findings from the data of 291 university students. The results are as follows. First, in comparison with 'casual leisure group', 'serious leisure group' was showed a higher significant increase in leisure related functioning(leisure satisfaction and leisure benefits such as physical health, relationship and self-controlibility). However, There is no significant inter-group differences in 'self-life functioning variables(positive·negative self-esteem, happiness, quality of life)'. It implies even though serious leisure has more relation to positive leisure experiences, people maintain and enhance their self-esteem and experience satisfaction and happiness of their entire lives through casual leisure participation as much as serious leisure.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.449-476
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• 2010

This paper focuses on the security problems in atlantic ocean involved in the USA and Latin America and the Caribbean. The ocean security matters in this region have mainly argued military concerns traditionally. However, the concept of ocean security has been changed in the 21st century and strongly debated with various dimensions: social, human and resource, environment as well. This paper traces these changed concepts currently with many empirical cases existed in many security conflicts in this ocean, especially between the USA and Latin(South) America region. Historically, security conflicts in the OAS(Organization of American States) countries have involved with many military matters, territory and oceans, and currently added up with terrorism and drug problems as well. However, the great and potential conflict emerged in the security issues is resource matter in this ocean and get a dilemma to be sorted out between military and social security matter. For example, the re-establishment of 'the 4th Fleet' in US Navy got a great conflict between the USA and the South American countries, both of them wants to achieve to resource security in this ocean to meet their energy security. Finally this paper addresses some implications and prospects in this conflict in near future and suggests a few solutions and advices for Korean's relation in this ocean.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.437-463
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• 2013

As polarization and class reproduction between generations are considered to be serious problems in Korean society, increasing number of assortative mating, which means marrying between homogeneous family background, income class, and educational background, is on the spotlight socially. Some worry that the increase of assortative mating can reinforce closure of social mobility so it deepens inequality and limits class mobility between generations. This research analyzes the effects of accomplishment characteristics of husbands and wives and ascriptive characteristics of parents which consist the concept of assortative mating, on income, consumption, and assets those represent economic status of a family. The purpose of this research is to suggest empirical understanding on the role of assortative mating that affect on inequality within generations and income mobility between generations in Korean society. In the result of multiple regression analysis on the effect of assortative mating on income, consumption, and assets, high educational background was the factor that increase income and consumption level as accomplishment characteristics of assortative mating. As ascriptive characteristics of assortative mating, educational homogeneous of fathers was the factor that increased asset level. While accomplishment characteristics affect income and consumption, ascriptive characteristics of homogeneous had significant effect on assets. Thus, it was found that transfer between generations had effects around asset rather than income. In particular, ascriptive characteristics in young husbands and wives aged 20s or 30s had significant effect only on the assets.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.21-36
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• 2022

Purpose - Carbon emission standards are based on the "production-based carbon emissions" generated by the production of goods in the relevant country which were the existing measurement methods. However, can such carbon emissions measurement standards be established international? For example, some of the goods produced in developing countries are produced for the demand of developed countries. The method of measuring carbon emission based on the final demand of a certain country is called "consumption-based carbon emissions." This study compares productionand consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth in ninety-three countries categorized by income level. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the difference between production- and consumption-based CO₂ emissions according to economic growth. Also, our model investigated whether the EKC hypothesis in most of the previous studies that had been based on production-based emissions was also established in the consumption-based emission model. Considering the continuous characteristics of CO₂, we utilized the generalized method of moments (GMM), specifically a system GMM econometric technique because CO₂ in the previous period can affect CO₂ in the present period. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The results show that for the consumption-based CO₂ emissions model, CO₂ continuously increases as economic growth increases in the upper-middle income countries. The inverted U-shaped result was found in the case of the production-based model. However, in the lower-income countries, an inverted-U shape in which CO₂ emissions decrease at some point as the economy grows in the production-based model does not appear. On the other hand, in the consumption-based model, an inverted U-shaped result was obtained when estimating with system-GMM. Additionally, the proportion of manufacturing, energy imports, and energy consumption had an effect on both the production- and the consumption-based model regardless of the group's CO₂ emissions. On the basis of such assessments, policymakers need to consider not only production- but also consumption-based options. Originality/value - Previous studies have mainly focused on production-based CO₂ emissions, with most of them revolving around economic growth or the effect of various social and economic factors on CO₂ emissions. However, this study considers the relationship with economic growth using consumption-based emissions as a dependent variable by classifying ninety-three countries by income level.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

This study examined the relationship between family-friendly community characteristics and the life satisfaction of working mothers with elementary school children, and investigated whether the relationship was mediated by work-family conflict and facilitation of working mothers. For the analysis, the study used the response data of 627 working mothers from the 11th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC, 2019) and multi-mediation effect analyses were conducted using PROCESS. The main results are as follows. First, the higher neighbor support, the higher the work-family facilitation, which significantly increased life satisfaction. Second, the appropriateness of parenting environment and community service infrastructure satisfaction showed significant indirect effects with life satisfaction through increasing work-family facilitation and lowering work-family conflict. Moreover, the appropriateness of parenting environment was positively related with life satisfaction and it was a only variable that was directly associated with life satisfaction. On the other hand, the convenient access to community service infrastructure was found to lower work-family facilitation and lower life satisfaction, confirming the need for follow-up studies. This study shows that the family-friendly characteristics of the community are important for working mothers with elementary school-age children and provides empirical evidence to improve the family-friendly community characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.145-173
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to verify that several theories explaining the determinants of welfare expenditure is applied to the family policy expenditure and to find out if there' re unique determinants of the family policy expenditure. We analyzed the data (OECD 14 countries for 1980~2005) by pooled time series analysis. As for industrialization theory, female labor force participation rate has positive effect on family policy expenditure while population under 15-year children has negative effect, which refers to the demand of family policies is that of female workers, not children's. Power resource theory is applied to the determinants of family policy expenditure as those of welfare expenditure. Women's political & economic empowerment has partly positive effects on family policy expenditure, which is the evidence of the effectiveness of feminist theory. In the institutional theory, we verified the effect of policy legacy but couldn't find out the crowding-out effect. The theoretical implication of this study is the empirical verification of the theories explaining the determinants of welfare expenditure being applied to the family policy expenditure. We also suggested the political and institutional foundation to effectively respond to the new social risks in spite of budget constraints, which can be a policy implication.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.135-162
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• 2010

The Purpose of this study is to get basic material about voluntary association in local community and its utilization. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, it was considered that trust of social capital plays a leading part in voluntary association to maintain or strengthen its role and activities. For this reason we attempt to find the process of trust building in voluntary association. The revised ground theory that is complementary weaknesses of ground theory is used in this study and in 11months, four times researches have investigated. As a result, it was analyzed that the structure of building trust can be categorized into three structure, building up relationship, dynamic interaction and structural stabilization in voluntary association. In the space that is structured spatially and temporal, role, activity, accomplishment, attitude, conflict and environment acted as basic attributes. These attributes can be found in every building process of trust and influence on continuance and growth of voluntary association. The fact that this study offers in-depth understanding of voluntary association and empirical directivity regarding the community welfare services is of great significant.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.465-497
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• 2013

This paper criticizes the ontological and epistemological dichotomy in social sciences including social welfare and probes into Critical Realism as an alternative paradigm. Many theories for social welfare have adhered to dichotomous ontological standpoint, 'agency' vs. 'social structure', and Eco-system approach have occupied dominant position to integrate this dichotomy. These theoretical standpoint have had great influence on social work practice. On the other hand, dichotomous epistemological standpoint which is constituted of different views of phenomena, 'positivism' and 'constructionism', have had great influence on social work research and practice. These dichotomous ontological and epistemological approach have a limit to reveal qualitative nature of the relationship between agency and social structure, to ponder the deeper reality, the mechanism of stratified reality, and the reality being independent of agency. Replacing these approaches, Critical Realism unfold the theoretical potential as an alternative paradigm for social welfare through the discussion on stratified realty(the empirical, the actual, and the real), intransitive/transitive dimension, double hermeneutics in these dimensions, and the conditions for conceptualization, duality of structure and practice, transformation model of agency and structure.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-79
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• 2009

This papers studies the causalities and effects on the relationship between international trade and economic growth in China for the period of 1950-2007, using the unit root test, the Granger causality test, the cointegration test, VAR model, and VECM. The results of this study are as follows: Firstly, in the unit root test, I found that each time series was unstable one that has unit root. Secondly, in the Granger Causality test, this papers shows that variable dlexp and dlinp influence on dlgdp and dlgdd, while bilateral causality relation between dlexp and dlgdp, dlexp and dlgdd for the whole period, for the whole period, pre-reform period and post-reform period. Thirdly, there is no cointegraion relation between lgdp(or dlgdp, lgdd, dlgdd) and lexp, linp for lgdd-limp in the whole period, and pre-reform period, while no cointegration relation for the post-reform period. Finally, in the impulse-response test, it was proved that lgdp represents (-) correlation with lexp for the whole period. Thorough the variance decomposition test, it was proved that linp(or dlinp) is the most affected variable of the each data and relation between linp(or dlinp) and lexp(or dlexp) has become bigger recently.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.469-493
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• 2011

This paper attempts to examine the economic impact of technological barrier to trade(TBT) between Korea and China by using international input-output approach. With the tariff/quota reduced or eliminated since WTO's launch, the interest in TBT as a non-tariff barrier has been increased, and then there have so far been a large number of empirical studies on quantifying its effect in foreign. But still this area of study in Korea is limited in the literature survey. In encouraged in this situation, focusing on bilateral trade between Korea and China, which has been significantly increased in recent years, we have tried to estimates the impact of TBT on their output and employment. We use Asian International Input-Output Table(AIIO) for the year 2000 published by IDE-JETRO, and also use the estimated sectoral TBT provided by Ha et al.(2010). According to the result, there will be generated $3.63 billions values in outputs, and 18.1 millions persons in employments at most. And also we found that there is weak interdependence in sectoral and spatial linkage between two countries.