• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.100-135
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• 1999

Typical symptoms of rheumatic disease affect overall daily living and cause severe stress. Individuals afflicted with rheumatic disease have many illness-related stresses. Pain was the predominantly perceived stress followed by limitation in mobility, difficulties in carrying out activities of daily living. helplessness, dependency on others, threat to self-esteem, interference in social activity, interference in family relationships. difficulties performing at work, and discomfort of the treatment. Patients with chronic arthritis are subjected to long periods of continuous stress, which may require the management by the health care provider. In these cases, the purpose of the nursing is helping to promote health through supporting patient's coping. Therefore, for the nursing intervention to be effective, it is critical to build a theoretical framework that describes stress-coping for chronic arthritis. Thus, the purpose of this dissertation is to present a theoretical framework which describes the stress-coping processes and to empirically test pathos of this framework for the people with chronic arthritis. The foundation upon which this framework is built in the Erickson, Tomlin, and Swain(1983) theory of Modeling and role-Modeling. The subjects were 275 patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis who visited the outpatient clinic. A hypothetical model of stress-coping was tested by covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 8.12 program. As a result, the overall fit was good(Chi-square=94.49, P=0.00, RMR=0.067, GFI=0.95, AGFI=0.91, NNFI=0.93, NFI=0.91) for the hypothetical model. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on coping resources. However, independent variables(basic need satisfaction, internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resource) did not have significantly influence on coping. And then, the hypothetical model was modified by considering both the theoretical implication and statistical significance of the parameter estimates. The revised model had a better fit to the data(Chi-square=83.11(P=0.00), RMR=0.061, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.92, NNFI=0.95, NFI=0.92). Hypothesis emerged from the revised model was tested. The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : Basic need satisfaction had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources. Internal health locus of control had a statistically significant influence on illness-related experience and coping resources. Internal health locus of control, illness-related experience, emotional stress and coping resources had a significantly influence on coping. According to the results of this dissertation, basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control play a central role in appraisal of illness-related experience and coping resources. And illness related-experience, emotional stress, and coping resources affect on coping activities. In summary, nursing interventions to enhance basic need satisfaction and internal health locus of control will decrease illness related experience and emotional stress and increase coping resources. Increased coping resources will prompt coping activities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.127-139
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of emotional labor on job stress using emotional dissonance as a mediator. Emotional labor is classified into the deep acting and the surface acting, and job stress is classified into sub - variables of the lack of reward and the relationship conflict. We conducted an empirical analysis of 400 questionnaires collected mainly from actors living in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces. The results of the analysis using SPSS v22.0 and Process macro v3.0 showed that only the surface acting had a significant effect on the lack of reward, and both the deep acting and the surface acting had significant effects on relationship conflict. Second, only the surface acting had a significant effect on emotional dissonance. Third, it has been shown that emotional dissonance has a significant positive effect on both the lack of reward and the relationship conflict. Fourth, the indirect effect of the surface acting on the job stress through mediating emotional dissonance was significant. Subsequent studies will likely require studies to find other mediators other than emotional dissonance or to analyze moderated mediation effect by introducing moderators.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.186-199
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• 2012

Most of employees in service area frequently and strongly experience job-stress caused by emotional labour than in general. This job-stress is supposed to incur employees' burn-out, which burn-out brings a lower service quality in various aspects of physical and spiritual hospitality. The purpose of this study is to identify the impacts of burn-out on emotional labour of hair designer, with 155 primary data from a sample of 200 employees of hair shop in Seoul and Gyeongnam area. The reliability and validity of the collected data were checked through the calculation of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and factor analysis. The empirical research made by regression analysis confirms that emotional labour significantly has a negative effect on burn-out of hair designer. Therefore, hypothesis presented to mediate the effect of burn-out on emotional labour of hair designer was supported in positive. Hopefully, this study contributes to hair business shops for setting up a management strategy on effective job-satisfaction of hair designer.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.797-807
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• 2020

Objectives: This qualitative research was conducted to understand the experiences of dental hygienists with respect to emotional labor and stress through in-depth interviews, and analyze experiences that are difficult to grasp in quantitative studies. Methods: From October 7 to October 14 2020, a total of seven study participants were selected and underwent in-depth interviews. A phenomenological research methodology was applied for intensive analysis. Results: The results of the interviews were grouped into five central-categories: relationships in the workplace (trouble with the staff, discrimination against staff, relationship between subordinates and superiors), relationships with non-major (trouble with laboratory staff, inferiority complex and behavior of non-specialists), emotional labor for the patient (patient-centered, patient selfishness, exquisite guardian), conduction of business (passing the work, deterioration in health due to emotional labor), organizing emotions (patience and a sense of collapse, conversation with a coworker). Conclusions: Based on this study, we need to develop tools to measure dental hygienists' emotional labor and stress as well as conduct follow-up research on ways to improve them.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2004

One of the major health problems of working women is job stress according to many studies. However, existing job stress questionnaires are suitable for men and men's job environments only, and do not reflect emotional labor for sales people. The aim of this research is to find women's job stress factors. The subjects of this investigation are married working women in sales since they experience emotional labor in addition to physical and psychological labor and the work-family conflict is very important job stressor for them. The job stressor of married sales women was analyzed through qualitative research. After I had in-depth interviews with 20 married sales women, I identified 49 new concepts, 3 main categories and 17 sub categories. The results are like the following. 1. 3 main categories are job factor, aggravate factor, and compensate factor. 2. Job factor has 5 sub-categories including 'increasing of selling', 'emotional labor' and 'physical burden'. 3. Aggrabate factor has 6 sub-categories including 'work/family conflict', 'relationship with higher office' and 'relationship with a fellow worker' 4. Compensate factor has 6 sub-categories including 'opportunity of employment', 'discrimination', and 'prestige' Consequently this study newly found some major job stressors for married working women in sales department.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between high school students' self-differentiation, family function and their level of stress. Method: A questionnaire which consisted of questions on general characteristics of the high school students, and 36 questions on self-differentiation, 17 questions on family function, and 37 questions on level of stress was used to collect the data. Participants were 201 second grade high school students from Bucheon City. Descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression were used with SPSS 10.0 to analyze the data. Results: The mean scores for self-differentiation, family function, and levels of stress were 3.27, 3.39, and 2.61 respectively. The relationship between self-differentiation and level of stress revealed a significant negative correlation. The relationship between self-differentiation and family function showed a significant positive correlation. The relationship between family function and stress level showed a significant negative correlation. Conclusion: The results of the study show that variation in level of stress was related to family regression, recognition/emotional function, family projection, role recognition and emotional support and emotional cutoff which together explained 40.9% of the variance in level of stress.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors of college adjustment in nursing students. A quantitative descriptive design was used to study 400 nursing students in Busan and Ulsan, recruited from May 1 to 30, 2011. The instruments used were the clinical stress scale, stress coping scale and college adjustment problem checklist. The data were analysed SPSS program, using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and simultaneous multiple regression. Findings of the study can be summarized as follows; First, the average of clinical stress was 3.68 points, the problem-solving coping was 2.85 points, the emotional-focused coping was 2.48 points, and college adjustment was 3.03 points. Second, The correlation of the clinical stress and college adjustment relations showed negative correlation in all areas. The correlation of problem-solving and emotional-focused coping and college adjustment showed positive correlation. Third, The significant predictors of college adjustment were satisfaction in major, psychological factors, problem-solving coping, perceived health status, emotional-focused coping, knowledge, skills, assignment/reports. These variables showed explanatory power of 43.2%. The study suggested to help reduce clinical stress and to strengthen problem-solving coping for college adjustment in nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the changes in turnover intention according to the level of occupational stress and to find the mediating factor that reducing the turnover intention among fire officer. To compare change of turnover intention according to the degree of occupational stress, statistical analyses were done by using the logistic regression model. In logistic regression analysis, the possibility of high turnover intention in a group with high occupational stress was hjgher by 4.11 times than a group with low occupational stress. The results of analyzing the degree of change in turnover intention after applying the mediating parameters(physical condition, emotional labor, burn out), turnover intention decreased by about 50.6%(from 4.11 times to 2.03 times) at the high level of occupational stress. As a result, it was found that the occupational stress experienced by the fire-officers had a positive effect on the turnover intention. In order to reduce the turnover intention due to the occupational stress of the fire-officers, it is necessary to manage factors such as work environmental factors(emotional labor, burn out) and individual factor(physical condition).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1019-1026
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• 2024

Paramedics are highly likely to be exposed to high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion. Emotional exhaustion arises from excessive workload and sustained tension, negatively impacting not only individual mental health but also job performance. This study aims to investigate the level of emotional exhaustion among paramedics. A survey was conducted among fire officials across various regions in South Korea, analyzing the degree of emotional exhaustion by gender, age, years of service, and position. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in emotional exhaustion based on age, years of service, and position among fire officials, with paramedics showing higher levels of emotional exhaustion compared to rescue, fire suppression, and internal administrative positions. Notably, younger age groups, shorter years of service, and paramedic positions were associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion. This study contributes to assessing the level of emotional exhaustion among paramedics and exploring specific measures for mental health recovery, ultimately aiming to improve work efficiency and enhance the quality of emergency medical services. Future research should focus on developing concrete support systems and stress management programs to continuously monitor and improve the mental health of paramedics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.4318-4328
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• 2014

This study examined the relationship between the emotional labor, job stress and eating attitudes among clinical nurses. The data was collected from 434 clinical nurses in G city, from February 21 to March 31, 2013 and analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 program. The mean levels of the clinical nurse's emotional labor, job stress and eating attitudes were 3.53, 3.81 and 2.27, respectively. The emotional labor showed a significant positive correlation between job stress (r= .570, p=<.001) and eating attitudes (r= .114, p<.05). In addition, the factors affecting the eating attitude were BMI (${\beta}$=262, p<.001), weight loss exercise (${\beta}$=.203, p<.001), internal medicine (${\beta}$=178, p<.001), surgery (${\beta}$ =.102, p=.043), and emotional labor (${\beta}$=106, p=0.49). These variables accounted for 16.8% of the variance in eating attitudes among clinical nurses. Therefore, working with differentiated departmental programs will be required to improve the eating attitudes and the BMI.