• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.322-324
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• 2004

Up to the present, digital replantation patients has appealed different symptoms due to blood circulatory failure. But, the level of blood circulatory failure has been evaluated only by clinical symptoms, or angiography. According to the cases of digit replantation is increasing, then objective evaluation methods of the level of blood circulation failure is needed other than patient's subjective symptoms and complaints. Although angiography, doppler, electromagnetic flowmeter, laser blood flowmeter, mechanical blood flowmeter has been used for the evaluation of the blood circulatory failure, the result was affected by time, place, surrounding temperature, patient's body temperature, and even emotion. Therefore, it is pointed out with lack of availability, feasibility and reproducibility. Thus, we compared digital blood flow of dominant hand to non dominant hand, and replanted fingers to opposite normal fingers from developed photo-plethysmography. The average digital blood flow showed no difference in normal digits each other, but, replanted digits showed average of 53% (9 - 100 %) compare to opposit normal digits. As it measure relative blood flow for circulatory failure of tissue such as fingers and toes more sensitively, reliably. In conclusion, it is expected that photo- plethysmography will be very useful for diagnosis, curative effect, prognosis of blood circulatory failure in digital replantation patient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.105-112
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, fur examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-l4}$m and then the converging $\pi$-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion, because of the $\pi$-rays' hindrances, near the nucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. Any magnet absorbs n-rays to S pole and sends out the $\pi$-rays from N pole. Proton are constructed with the closed n-rays quantum-mechanically. The crystallizing n-bonding makes two $\pi$-far infrared rays of one wave length between two protons if two $\pi$-rays are supplied to each proton. It is easily done for a $\pi$-ray to be absorbed to a proton if there is a parallel magnetic flow to the blood flow because a $\pi$-ray advances axially under a magnetic field and a proton looks like a sphere. A axially advancing disk-like $\pi$-ray can meet more easily the coming spheres than from the other directions. The blood crystals stimulate the autonomous nerves on the blood vessels during the flow by their mechanical sliding collisions. SM n-ray meridian therapy and SMACN $\pi$-ray meridian therapy show the stimulation of blood flow and also combinational experiment between SM $\pi$-ray meridian therapy and n-ray psycho-physics acupuncture shows more clearly that magnet is forcing to make $\pi$-rays absorbed to the nucleons.s.ons.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2024

In this study, we aimed to determine the effect on cerebral blood vessels of various stimulus intensities using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). In particular, we wanted to monitor changes in blood flow and structural changes in the blood vessels in the common carotid artery (CCA) through low-intensity electrical stimulation that can cause non-perceptual sensory stimulation. Twenty-four healthy adults in their 20s participated in this study. Three stimulus intensities (below the sensory threshold, at the sensory threshold, and above the sensory threshold) were applied in random order. Changes in blood flow velocity according to the intensity of TENS stimulus were measured by placing the Doppler ultrasound transducer 1 cm below the CCA bifurcation, and the vascular structure was measured using B-mode imaging. C-mode Doppler and B-mode images were acquired before, during, and after the intervention for each stimulus, and changes in blood pressure were measured in each session. As a result, it was confirmed that peak systolic velocity (PSV) decreased significantly after the intervention in non-perceived sensory stimulation below the threshold, compared to other thresholds (p = .008). In particular, the PSV decreased by 3.04% on average compared to before stimulation (p = .011). However, there was no significant change in the CCA diameters before and after stimulation at all intensities. It was found that short-term, non-perceptual sensory stimulation was effective in reducing the blood flow rate without causing significant changes in either the blood vessel diameter or blood pressure. This change appears to be caused by a decrease in blood flow due to the effect of subtle vasodilation at non-perceptual sensory stimulation, and at stimulation intensity higher than that, the sympathetic nerves in the blood vessels are stimulated excessively and the blood vessels constrict. Therefore, this study can be rated as an important attempt to control blood flow through stimulation without such a psychological burden and sensory discomfort in the carotid area.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

Even if shots in frames may be variable in both movies and animations, close-up reveals the significance of the subject in the focus. Because directors and animators take the place the actor as character in animation while performance of actor plays an important role in the close-up in the movies, it is significant to understand the close-up in the animation. In the present study we investigate the dramatic effect of close-up in the animation narrative in animations for theaters. Among the various dramatic effects of the close-up, the natural flow of the narrative and the induction of immersing in emotion are focused. Descriptive close-up is analyzed as a dramatic effect of inducing the natural flow of the narrative. Psychological close-up is analyzed as the induction of immersing emotion by effective delivery of internal mental state of a character. By analyzing symbolic close-up as the induction of immersing in the play by producing a dramatic effect, we expect that the close-up contribute to the advance of animation narrative structure.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a method of recognizing emotions using PPG sensor which measures blood flow according to emotion. From the existing PPG signal, we use a method of determining positive emotions and negative emotions in the frequency domain through PSD (Power Spectrum Density). Based on James R. Russell's two-dimensional prototype model, we classify emotions as joy, sadness, irritability, and calmness and examine their association with the magnitude of energy in the frequency domain. It is significant that this study used the same PPG sensor used in wearable devices to measure the top four kinds of emotions in the frequency domain through image experiments. Through the questionnaire, the accuracy, the immersion level according to the individual, the emotional change, and the biofeedback for the image were collected. The proposed method is expected to be various development such as commercial application service using PPG and mobile application prediction service by merging with context information of existing smart phone.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.1128-1141
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• 2009

Graphical expressions are continuously improving, spurred by the astonishing growth of the game technology industry. Despite such improvements, users are still demanding a more natural gaming environment and true reflections of human emotions. In real life, people can read a person's moods from facial color and expression. Hence, interactive facial colors in game characters provide a deeper level of reality. In this paper we propose a facial color adaptive technique, which is a combination of an emotional model based on human emotion theory, emotional expression pattern using colors of animation contents, and emotional reaction speed function based on human personality theory, as opposed to past methods that expressed emotion through blood flow, pulse, or skin temperature. Experiments show this of expression of the Facial Color Model based on facial color adoptive technique and expression of the animation contents is effective in conveying character emotions. Moreover, the proposed Facial Color Adaptive Technique can be applied not only to 2D games, but to 3D games as well.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2023

Previous studies on emotion have repeatedly suggested that alexithymia is an important predictor of depression. Therefore, this study examined whether the relationship between these two variables can be moderated by personality factors, focusing on the Big five personality traits. An online survey of 312 college students, including alexithymia, depression, and Big five personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to Experience) was conducted. As the results, as expected, alexithymia predicted depression, which was in line with the existing research flow. In addition, moderation analysis revealed that agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness to experience moderated the relationship between alexithymia and depression, while extraversion and conscientiousness did not. This study has an important implication in that it discriminated which specific personality traits function as moderators in the process of increasing depression due to alexithymia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

It is well known that the structure of brain and consciousness of human have a phenomena of complex system. The human emotion have a many kind. The love is one of human emotion, which have been studied in sociology and psychology as a matter of great interested thing. In this paper, we consider a same and different time delay in love equation of Romeo and Juliet. We represent a behavior of love as a time series and phase portrait, and analyze the difference of behaviors between a same and different time delay.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.15-19
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• 2001

This paper describes effectiveness and characteristics of 3 P(point) task analysis as a new Ergonomic and Kansei design method for extracting user demand especially. The key point in 3 P task analysis is to describe the flow of tasks and extract any problems in each task. A solution of a problem means a user demand. 3 P task analysis cal eliminate an oversight of check items by examining the users' information processing level. The suers' information processing level was divided into the following three stages for problem extraction: acquirement of information ---> understanding and judgment ---> operation. Three stages has fourteenth cues such as difficulty of seeing, no emphasis, mapping for extracting problems. To link analysis results to the formulation of a product concept. I added a column on the right side of the table for writing the requirements (user demand) to resolve the problems extracted from each task. The requirements are extracted by using seventh cues. Finally 3 P task analysis was compared with group interview to make the characteristics of 3 P task analysis, especially extracting user demand, clear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.136-140
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• 2001

본 연구는 절전기능과 인체순응을 고려하여 개발된 에어컨의 쾌적기류를 평가하기 위해 기존 에어컨에 활용되어지고 있는 정속풍, 변동풍과 새롭게 적용되고 잇는 개발풍을 비교하고자 수행하였다. 20명의 남녀 피험자를 대상으로 심전도를 측정하고 HRV 분석을 실시하여 남녀별로 비교한 결과 남녀 모두 개발풍, 변동풍, 정속풍의 순서로 HF/LF 값이 높게 나타났으며, 여성의 경우 정속풍은 무자극 조건에서보다 낮은 HF/LF 값을 나타내었다. 그리고 무자극에 대해서는 여성의 경우보다 남성의 경우가 변동풍과 개발풍의 기류제어 조건에서 크게 반응하였다. 남녀모두를 평균한 기류자극별 비교분석에서는 개발풍에서 가장 높은 HF/LF 값을 보였으며, 개발풍과 변동풍이 정속풍에 대하여 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다. 개인별로 각 자극에 대한 HF/LF 값을 계산하열 각 조건들에 대한 선호도를 조사한 결과, 14명이 개발풍에서 가장 높은 HF/LF 값을 나타내었고, 6명의 피험자는 변동풍에서 가장 높은 HF/LF 값을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과 새롭게 제시된 개발풍이 기존의 정속풍이나 변동풍에 대하여 더욱 쾌적한 기류임을 알 수 있었다.