• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.395-401
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• 2016

Nano-saftey has become an emerging issue recently, because of the broad use of nanomaterials in nano-industries and commercial areas. For a sustainable development in the nano-industry, active studies on nano-safety should be executed, especially on the potential risks in engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Although acute and chronic assessments of nanomaterials have been extensively studied in many studies, multigenerational studies are very scarce. Overall, multigenerational studies have progressed as two different trends, studying post-generational effects or trans-generation effects. This study intended to suggest further nano-safety studies based on the trends and limitations of current ones. Through a comparative analysis, we investigated peer-reviewed multigenerational studies that used nanomaterials. Thirteen studies on post-generation effects confirmed generational nano-toxicity via several bioassays, such as mortality, fertility, and behavioral assays. Seven studies on trans-generation effects demonstrated nanomaterial pathways to next generations, using imaging techniques. Until now, mechanisms for post-generational nano-toxicity has been rarely proposed. Thus, we propose that complementary studies on such mechanisms are imperative for future studies.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.681-686
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• 2011

SPLITT Fractionation (SF) provides separation of sample into two subpopulations. Separation into more than two subpopulations requires repeated SF operations. In this study, two Gravitation SF (GSF) channels were connected in a series (Tandem GSF) to obtain a separation into three subpopulations and to improve the fractionation efficiency (FE) of the fraction-b in the full-feed depletion (FFD) mode. In a single channel FFD-GSF operation, the fraction-a contained mostly the beads smaller than the cutoff diameter ($d_c$), while the fraction-b contained beads smaller than $d_c$ as well as those larger than dc, as expected. The measured FE's of the fraction-b are much lower than those of the fraction-a in all cases. The FE's of the fraction-a are higher than 84% with the average of about 91%, while those of the fraction-b are lower than 60% with the average of about 43%. No particular trends were found between FE and $d_c$, indicating the performance of FFD-GSF does not change with $d_c$ in the range where tested. Also no clear trends were observed between the FE and the sample-feeding flow rate, indicating higher sample-feeding rate can be used to increase the sample throughput without losing resolution. When two GSF channels were connected so that the flow stream emerging from the outlet-b of the channel-1 is fed directly into the channel-2, all three FE's measured for the fraction-1a were high with the average value of 99%, indicating it contains almost purely the beads smaller than $d_c$. The FE's measured for the fraction-2a are still good with the average value of 92%. The FE's measured for the fraction-2b are 64% in average, which is about 20% improvement from those obtained in a single channel FFD-GSF at the same conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.77-106
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• 2015

By document co-citation analysis with Korean Citation Index (KCI) data, this study accurately identified the research fronts and hot topics in Korean library and information science (LIS) from 2004 to 2013. 159 core papers in LIS domain and their citations are scraped manually from Korean Citation Index web site. In the cluster analysis and network analysis, 159 core papers were grouped into 27 clusters with multiple papers and 8 singlton clusters. Among the 27 clusters which have multple papers, 'LIS education' cluster was the largest with 16 core papers, and 'citation analysis & intellectual structure analysis' cluster had the strongest citation impact according to the ehs-index. Closer observation of the citations to the core papers in each research front showed that 67.5% of the citations were made by LIS research papers and 32.5% of the citations were made by non-LIS research papers. Considering the share of citations and the citation impact growth index, 'local documentation', 'citation analysis & intellectual structure analysis', and 'research trends analysis' were identified as the most emerging research front in Korean library and information science. The analytical methods used in this study have great potential in discovering the characteristics of research fronts in Korean interdisciplinary research domains.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.425-434
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• 2020

Background: Viral infection outbreaks are emerging public health concerns. They often exhibit seasonal patterns that could be predicted by the application of big data and bioinformatic analyses. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify trends in diarrhea-causing viruses such as rotavirus (Gr.A), norovirus G-I, and norovirus G-II in Cheonan, Korea. The identified related factors of diarrhea-causing viruses may be used to predict their trend and prevent their infections. Method: A retrospective analysis of 4,009 fecal samples from June 2010 to December 2019 was carried out at Dankook University Hospital in Cheonan. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was employed to identify virus strains. Information about seasonal patterns of infection was extracted and compared with local weather data. Results: Out of the 4,009 fecal samples tested using multiplex RT-PCR (mRT-PCR), 985 were positive for infection with Gr.A, G-I, and G-II. Out of these 985 cases, 95.3% (n = 939) were under 10 years of age. Gr.A, G-I, and G-II showed high infection rates in patients under 10 years of age. Student's t-test showed a significant correlation between the detection rate of Gr.A and the relative humidity. The detection rate of G-II significantly correlated with wind-chill temperature. Conclusion: Climate factors differentially modulate rotavirus and norovirus infection patterns. These observations provide novel insights into the seasonal impact on the pathogenesis of Gr.A, G-I, and G-II.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-57
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• 2022

The global demand for carbon neutrality in response to climate change is in a situation where it is necessary to prepare countermeasures for carbon trade barriers for some countries, including Korea, which is classified as an export-led economic structure and greenhouse gas exporter. Therefore, digital transformation, which is one of the predictable ways for the carbon-neutral transition model to be applied, should be introduced early. By applying digital technology to industrial gas manufacturing facilities used in one of the major industries, high-tech manufacturing industry, and hydrogen gas facilities, which are emerging as eco-friendly energy, abnormal detection, and diagnosis services are provided with cloud-based predictive diagnosis monitoring technology including operating knowledge. Here are the trends. Small and medium-sized companies that are in the blind spot of carbon-neutral implementation by confirming the direction of abnormal diagnosis predictive monitoring through optimization, augmented reality technology, IoT and AI knowledge inference, etc., rather than simply monitoring real-time facility status It can be seen that it is possible to disseminate technologies such as consensus knowledge in the engineering domain and predictive diagnostic monitoring that match the economic feasibility and efficiency of the technology. It is hoped that it will be used as a way to seek countermeasures against carbon emission trade barriers based on the highest level of ICT technology.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.352-358
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterococci in cheese samples and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance profiles as well as the associated resistance genes. A total of 139 enterococci were isolated from 99 cheese samples, the isolates were identified as E. faecalis (61.2%), E. faecium (15.1%), E. gallinarum (12.9%), E. durans (5.0%), E. casseliflavis (2.9%) and E. avium (2.9%). The most frequent antimicrobial resistance observed in enterococci isolates was to lincomycin (88.5%), followed by kanamycin (84.2%), gentamycin (low level, 51.1%), rifampin (46.8%) and tetracycline (33.8%). Among the isolates, the frequencies of high level gentamycin and streptomycin resistant enterococci strains were 2.2% and 5.8%, respectively. Apart from the mentioned antibiotics, low levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol were found. Moreover no resistance was observed against penicillin and ampicillin. The antimicrobial resistance genes including tetM, tetL, ermB, cat, aph(3’)-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia and aac(6’)-Ieaph(2”)-Ia were found in enterococci from Turkish cheese samples. In the current study, we provided data for antibiotic resistance and the occurrence of resistance genes among enterococci. Regulatory and quality control programs for milk and other dairy products from farms to retail outlets has to be established and strengthened to monitor trends in antimicrobial resistance among emerging food borne pathogens in Turkey.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-53
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• 2012

This study analyzed the changes in Library and Information Science (LIS) courses by investigating the LIS curriculum of Korea in the past 20 years (1991-2011). Results showed that the total number of courses increased as a whole. As the Korean educational system moved forward to the faculty system (Hakbuje), the number of basic courses increased while the number of core courses decreased. But the opposite phenomenon appeared as universities returned to the department system (Hakgwaje). Also, we investigated the domain-specific distribution of each department by separating the courses of 34 Korean LIS Departments into these seven domains: General Library and Information Science; Information Organization; Library and Information Center Management; Information Services; Information Science; Bibliography; and Archival Science. The results showed that the number of courses reduced in most domains over the past 20 years, except for the Library Service and Information Science areas. This study also explored the following phenomena: disappeared courses, changed course's names, courses that integrated into a single course, courses that separated into various other courses, and newly emerging courses with the developing age.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.687-697
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• 2015

With the shortage of edible fats and oils and depletion of fossil fuels in many countries, microbial lipids is emerging as one of the most promising sources of fats and oils in the global market. Oleaginous microorganisms, also called single cell oils (SCOs), can accumulate lipids more than 25% in the cell volume. Triacylglycerols are the major storage lipids. SCOs offer several advantages for lipid production as follows: SCOs have short life span which would shorten production time, cultivation conditions are not affected by climate and place; the production process is easy to control. There are a number of oleaginous yeasts, molds, and microalgae. Furthermore, the lipid productivity of SCOs can be enhanced through strain improvement and the optimization of cultivation conditions. The new strains developed using recent advanced biotechnical methods showed greatly improved oleaginicity. Further, hydrolysates of lignocellulosic materials can be used as carbon sources for economic production of SCO.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.40-50
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• 2004

To keep pace with rapidly changing social and technological trends, the Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering at Hongik University is in the process of updating teaching materials and learning methodologies while evaluating/revising our existing curriculum. In order to be better apprised of the employment needs and student aspirations, we have conducted three separate but related surveys by targeting experienced professionals and managers, alumni working in industries as practising engineers, and our current students. The surveys have furnished us with valuable insights that, we hope, will lead to a new curriculum and learning methods more in tune with needs of our students as well as their future employers. Among other findings, the analysis of the survey responses points towards expansion of integrated laboratory and design experiences, cultivation of improved written and oral communication capabilities involving individual and team efforts, and development of interdisciplinary courses encompassing related fields of engineering as well as emerging fields such as nano and information technologies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.3 s.31
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• pp.65-75
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• 2006

Emerging trends regarding USFK(United States Forces, Korea)'s EC(Engineering/Construction) market include: (1) introduction of MATOC(Multiple Award Task Order Contract); (2) increase of DB(Design-Build) contract; and (3) encroachment of large US-origin private EC firms upon Korea. This study analyzes the change of USFK's EC market with focus on the change of construction management actors for USFK's EC projects. Specifically, USFK's EC projects have been managed by FED(Far East District). Recently, however, the large US private EC companies substitute the role previously taken by FED. This phenomenon is accelerated by the business chances in Korea due to LPP(Land Partnership Plan) and intentions of US Government to save military construction costs by means of utilizing US private EC companies. The large US EC firms entering into Korea are business opportunities as well as challenges to Korean EC firms, which are contracting USFK's EC projects. This study concludes that, through teaming joint venture with the large US EC firms, the market changes can be opportunities to acquire foreign market information and learn advanced construction management skill from them.