• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.229-247
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• 1999

Where a paper document, a manual signature, or negotiability is required in statute, then solutions must be found through a change in the law. However, where the problem originates in commercial usage, then the solution can be easier, and speedy. Certainly, nearly all of the functions that paper document provides can be equally, or better, satisfied by electronic means. That is, Electronic Commerce(EC), which has been increasing rapidly and is a new type of transaction, may be hindered by legal obstacles to use of Electronic Message, or by uncertainty to its legal effect and validity. Therefore, it is important to sustain legal effect to Electronic Message for the prosperity of EC The one of solutions is to use reliable Electronic signature system by Certification Authority to verify the authenticity of Electronic Message.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2011

Computer technology has enhanced a new transaction between device or software not just between humans. It offers users agent-like functionality and becomes increasingly common. It's roles diverse from gathering informations to automated trading. However, the use of new technology challenges to traditional legal systems and makes issues in adjusting the legal systems. Contract with electronic agents makes some issues such as whether the contract is enforceable or what principle's responsibility about the operation of electronic agents is. This paper analysis these issues and provides some solutions. First of all, we should make a legal act or revise previous laws. It is better that new civil law establishes for electronic communications and approach the law of agency for attribution of the responsibility issue. Secondly, in practice, website such as shopping mall should provide the terms of conditions to bind a contract.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 1998

The multignature system is a digital contract system which can process multi-party contracts electronically. In this paper, we analyzed various insecure elements involved in general multisignature contract systems and suggest requirements needed for making such systems secure. Based on our analysis, we propose a new secure multisignature method and apply it to the conventional electronic digital contract systems along with several other existing multisignature methods. The applicability and the effectiveness of the newly developed method are demonstrated by comparing how well the suggested security requirements are satisfied by each method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2008

It is settled in the economic arena that electronic commerce which used the Internet is new recently by explosive increase of the rapid development and Internet use of the information and communication technology. The problem that is legitimate at a point called the business of the form that the electronic transactions to set together if I drift are new of the times is the situation caused a lot. However, the use custom of construction and electronic transactions of the maintenance that is the legislation thief who can do rules of electronic transactions is the fact that it was not able to be still established It may not be just applied to the Internet electronic transactions that an exchange promise between our characters does against unspecified number of the general public person in the property even if I say that the conclusion of the purchase agreement is concluded in Internet electronic transactions by EDI method. That can have the approval of contract in the main legal problem of such an Internet electronic transactions contract. We civil law sorts it by a contract between the talks characters and a contract between the remote area people and all the adopted children are equal and must decide the formation of contract time in a principle of Empfangstheorie because it may be said that the rule of the civil law that it be heated and decides to be able to be available is irrational.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2003

Legal rules applying to the commerce and international commerce in particular contracts, proper law, jurisdiction and so on, have improved with time and experience. Engaging in e-commerce on the World Wide Web may expose the company to the risk of being sued in any foreign country where Internet user can establish a legal claim. The modem law of contracts is highly sophisticated and difficult to understand. With contracts created in cyberspace, the basic rules are no difference that we can find. However, there are situations in e-commerce that are altogether new and to which the existing rules cannot apply. Here uncertainty and business risk is too high for trading partners to deal with certainty. Therefore existing law must change to e-commerce law so that it provides certainty and enforceability over e-commerce. UNCITRAL Working Group on Electronic Commerce prepared the Preliminary Draft Convention on [International] Contracts Concluded or Evidenced by Data Message from the thirty-ninth session in 2002 which applies to international contracts concluded or evidenced by means of data messages. An electronic contract is concluded when the acceptance of an offer becomes effective, and an offer becomes effective when it is received by the offeree, and an acceptance of an offer becomes effective when the indication of assent is received by the offeror according to this Convention. Electronic contract may be concluded by the interaction of an automated computer system and natural person or by the interaction of automated computer systems, and a contract formed by a natural person that accesses an automated computer system of another person has no legal effect in case the neutral person made a material error in a data message.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.499-506
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• 2005

The growth of networks increase the importance of electronic commerces. Since the fair exchange protocol is an important part of electronic commerces, a number of researches have been done in relation to the fair exchange protocol. As the contract signing protocol is a part of fair exchange protocol, many protocols have been proposed, but most of them were focused on two-party protocol. Only a few were on the multi-party contract signing protocol. So far the optimistic multi-party contract signing protocol presented by Baum-Waidner has the least number of rounds in asynchronous network[4]. But, the lower bound on the number of rounds required by any optimistic multi-party contract signing protocol has been not known. In this paper, we present a tight lower bound on the number of rounds for optimistic multi-party contract signing protocol.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.20
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• pp.467-493
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• 2003

There are situations in e-commerce that are altogether new and to which the existing rules cannot apply. The uncertainty and business risk is too high for trading partners to deal with certainty. Therefore existing law must be changed to e-commerce law so that it provides certainty and enforceability in the e-commerce. Legal rules applying to the commerce and international commerce, in particular, contracts, proper law, jurisdiction and so on, have improved with time and experience. It has been found that the problems arising in the context of e-contracting were due to the absence of experience in electronic contracting and an absence of knowledge on how best to solve the problems. Thus, UNCITRAL Working Group on Electronic Commerce held an extensive discussion on issues related to electronic contracting and prepared and revised the Preliminary Draft Convention on International Contracts Concluded or Evidenced by Data Message from the thirty-ninth session in 2002 and prepared the Draft Convention from forty-first session which applies to international contracts concluded or evidenced by means of data messages. An electronic contract is concluded when the acceptance of an offer becomes effective, and an offer becomes effective when it is received by the offeree, and an acceptance of an offer becomes effective when the indication of assent is received by the offeror according to this Convention. Electronic contract may be concluded by the interaction of an automated computer system and natural person or by the interaction of automated computer systems, and a contract formed by a natural person that accesses an automated computer system of another person has no legal effect in case the neutral person made a material error in a data message. The purpose of this paper is to raise the understanding of the Convention on the Electronic Contracting by studying the contents of Draft Convention on Electronic Contracting and comparing Draft Convention with preliminary Draft Convention and finding the difference, characteristics and problem.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.127-146
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• 2001

The area of business applications in the internet are extended enormously in result of fast development of computing and communication technologies, increase of internet use, and use of intranet/extranet in enterprise information system. Widely spread the use of the internet, there are various applications for Business to Business (B to B) or Business to Customer(B to C) model that are based on the intranet or extranet. This paper designed and implemented the Web-based Electronic Bidding System for Business to Business (B to B) model. The technical issues of electronic bidding system in the internet are involved in the connection between web client and server, electronic data interchange for the contract document, and security solution during the bidding and contracting processes. The web-based electronic bidding system in this paper is implemented using Java applet and servlet as a connection interface for web client and server, XML/EDI-based documents for a bid and a contract, and bidding server and notary server for enhancing the security using PKI(Public Key Infrastructure)-based public key cryptography, digital signature and Certification Authority(CA).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.389-390
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• 2019

최근 블록체인 기반의 어플리케이션이 증가하고 이들을 위한 스마트 컨트랙트가 설계상 오류로 부적절하게 사용될 가능성이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 스마트 컨트랙트의 설계를 보다 안전하게 지원할 수 있는 방안이 필요한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 State machine을 이용하여 이더리움 스마트 컨트랙트의 기능사용을 보다 안전하게 지원하기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 전체 동작의 흐름의 제어하기 위한 Transition Contract와 각각 상태에 대한 스마트 컨트랙트인 State Contract를 이용하여 스마트 컨트랙트의 동작과정을 제어한다.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.819-831
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• 2019

The types of properties traded in modern times are rapidly increasing due to changes in consumption patterns. However, as the type of properties traded increases, estimation about the value of properties may become inaccurate. There is a problem that it is difficult for consumers to estimate the right value and the variety of trading forms makes it difficult to guarantee the reliability of value estimation As access to a variety of properties has expanded, these shortcomings are considered to be a factor that hinders the stability of the shared economic market. In this paper, to resolve this issue, we present a blockchain-based property contract service through a trusted broker. The developed service registers trusted brokers into smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain and use them for the evaluation and contract process of properties. In addition, registered contents, proposals and contracts of properties are stored in the blockchain to ensure the reliability of the contract process. Every step of the contract process is stored in the smart contract, recorded in the transaction history of the blockchain, ensuring the reliability of the stored data. In addition, the entire process of registration, proposal, and contract is driven by smart contracts designed by state machine technology, enabling users to more securely control the contract process.