• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.532-541
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• 2019

Information and communication technologies are developing rapidly as IC chip size becomes smaller and information processing becomes faster. With this development, digital circuit technology is being widely applied to mobile phones, wireless LANs, mobile terminals, and digital communications, in which high frequency range of GHz is used. In high-density electronic circuits, issues of noise and EMC(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) arising from cross talk between interconnects or devices should be solved. In this study, sheet-type electromagnetic wave absorbers that cause electromagnetic wave attenuation are fabricated using composites based on soft magnetic metal powder and silicon rubber to solve the problem of electromagnetic waves generated in wireless communication products operating at the frequency range of 2.4 GHz. Sendust(Fe-Si-Al) and carbonyl iron(Fe-C) were used as soft magnetic metals, and their concentrations and sheet thicknesses were varied. Using soft magnetic metal powder, a sheet is fabricated to exhibit maximum electromagnetic attenuation in the target frequency band, and a value of 34.2dB(99.9 % absorption) is achieved at the target frequency.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

The environmental pollution which is global warming and abnormal climate is caused by increasing population and activated economics. To reduce environmental pollution, we have being efforts into reducing $CO_2$ emission and use of energy, resources. Especially, for the sake of light weight and fuel efficiency of automotive industry, many countries have defined the restrict environmental regulation which stipulate high magnitude of reducing $CO_2$ emission. In this study, we have predicted the problem of Mu-cell injection molding through the finite element analysis as a function of temperature controlled by Joule heating or in terms of mold temperature. From the result of finite element analysis, we have determined the optimized process and made the injection mold included electric current heating system with Mu-cell manufacturing. Lastly, we analyzed the surface characteristics of the injection products with mold temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 1996

Second-order rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenyl X-substituted benzenesulfonates with Z-substituted phenoxides in absolute ethanol at 25.0±0.1 ℃. The nucleophilic substitution reaction gives both S-O bond and C-O bond cleavage products. The extent of S-O bond cleavage increases significantly with increasing electron withdrawing ability of the sulfonyl substitutent X, while that of the C-O bond cleavage is independent on the electronic effect of the substituent. On the contratry, the effect of the substituent Z in the nucleophilic phenoxide is more significant for the C-O bond cleavage than for the S-O bond cleavage. Aminolyses of 2,4-dinitrophenyl benzenesulfonate (1) with various 1°, 2° and 3°amines have revealed that steric effect is little important. The extent of S-O bond cleavage increases with increasing the basicity of the amines, but decreases with increasing the basicity of the nucleophilic aryloxides, indicating that the HSAB principle is not always operative. Besides, reactant and solvent polarizability effect has also been found to be an important factor in some cases but not always to influence the reaction site.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.993-1003
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• 2021

The contribution made by the tourism sector is strategic enough to provide job opportunities and increase the state's foreign exchange which will be followed by development in the information and technology sectors. The population of this study includes all domestic tourists who visit the Batu City Angkut Museum over 17 years of age and who have obtained information via eWOM from other tourists. Based on the measurement, a minimum of 160 respondents must be selected as the research sample. Non-probability sampling techniques are used to select samples. Social media had been used by companies to provide information, services, and products related to tourism, and it was utilized by tourists to share information about their traveling experiences. Nowadays, tourists have become more selective and critical in selecting their destinations as they have become good observant in finding adequate information about certain destinations before deciding to visit the place. This reaction can be influenced by positive eWOM communication, positive image, and trust given to certain tourist destinations. Therefore, improving the number of visits requires the management of certain tourism service companies to apply proper marketing strategy and provide various advantages and best service quality to attract more visitors and give satisfaction to visitors.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.71-94
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• 2020

When a dispute or conflict occurs, standard methods for resolving them include resolution by trial or resolutions outside of courts. An alternative dispute resolution method called ADR that aims at remedying disputes instead of filing lawsuits is used commonly throughout the world, including the US and China. ADR, which is a remedy method outside of courts, includes negotiation, arbitration, or mediation between the concerned parties, and the arbitration system has several advantages. The Lemon Law is a consumer protection law of the United States that was enacted in 1975. This law prescribes that when specified quality standards are not met repeatedly due to defects in vehicles or electronic products, the manufacturer must provide exchanges or refunds to consumers. Korea also enacted a newly revised automobile management act, the Korea "Lemon Law," on January 1, 2019, which allows consumers to receive exchanges or refunds from the manufacturer if the same malfunction repeatedly occurs after purchasing a new automobile. There have recently been many cases of large fires occurring while driving import vehicles, causing huge public rage; therefore, interest is being focused on the revised automobile management act. Part 5-2 of the automobile management act was newly added to implement automobile exchange or refund arbitration systems. It is desirable to utilize the arbitration system to smoothly resolve automobile-related disputes that have recently increased significantly, and it is thus being used frequently for practical purposes.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 2022

Customers' perceptions of information about a company's products or services have altered as a result of the development of ICT and social networks. This gives rise to a fact that buzz marketing, which is a marketing technique employed commonly in today's business and communication, has a significant impact on customers' electronic word of mouth intention (e-WOM). However, very few studies about this issue have been conducted so far, which reveal a gap in understanding buzz marketing from an academic perspective. Based on the results of a cross-sectional survey in Binh Duong city, this study investigates the efficiency and effect of buzz marketing on customers' e-WOM intention through mediating variables of message credibility. Data from 367 time-lagged individual samples were collected and analyzed by the structural equation modeling method (SEM). Results showed that creativity, clarity, and humor variables have a positive relationship with message credibility and then impact the intention to conduct e-WOM of social networks' users. Marketing campaigns employing the buzz technique should be launched with easy-to-understand and entertainable messages. Findings from this study also provide managers with a scientific understanding of buzz marketing and the effectiveness of this technique as well as reveal the potential for future studies to explore further in this area.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 2023

Agriculture plays an industrial and economic role, as well as an environmental and ecological conservation role, group harmony and the inheritance of traditional culture. However, no matter how advanced the industry is, the basic food necessary for human life can only be produced through the photosynthesis of plants with natural resources such as the sun, water, and air. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) predicts that the world's population will increase by another 2 billion people by 2050, and it faces a myriad of complex and diverse factors to consider, including climate change, food security concerns, and global ecosystems and political factors. In particular, in order to solve problems such as increasing productivity and production of agricultural products, improving quality, and saving energy, it is difficult to solve them with traditional farming methods. Recently, with the wind of the 4th industrial revolution, ICT convergence technology and artificial intelligence have been rapidly developing in many fields, but it is also true that the application of new technologies is somewhat delayed due to the unique characteristics of agriculture. However, in recent years, as ICT and artificial intelligence utilization technologies have been developed and applied by many researchers, a revolution is also taking place in agriculture. This paper summarizes the current state of research so far in four categories of agriculture, namely crop cultivation environment management, soil management, pest management, and irrigation management, and smart farm research data that has recently been actively developed around the world.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 1997

In order to provide economic high-quality products to customers in a timely manner, companies have tried much effort to decrease the time period of engineering design and information management. As a part of this effort, we have developed the Drawing Information Management System(DIMS) based ofn GT(Group Technology) that could decrease design processing time by speedy and rational management of design processes. The characteristics of DIMS are as follows: First, the concept of Concurrent Engineering was applied to DIMS. Through LAN, reviewers are able to attach comments to dlectronic documents by anno- tation functions called Mark-up. The reviewer annotations are collected and combind with the original document to revise the documents. Second, we have developed a Classification and Coding(C&C) system suitable for electronic component parts bassed on GT(Group Technology). The C&C system makes both parts and drawing with similar characteriscs into families and helps users search existing documents or create new drawings promptly. Finally, DIMS provides the Engineering BOM(Bill of Material) using the concept of Family BOM based on model options.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2023

The rapid development of information technology has accelerated the application of big data and the Internet of Things in various industries. Big data has a great potential in the development of smart tourism. With the help of innovation in emerging technologies such as big data and Internet of Things, smart tourism has a better possibility to surpass traditional tourism. Therefore, this article provides a theoretical support to this process. It has explored the innovative management model of big data and IoT in smart tourism and evaluate their effects on promoting tourism. It offers a reference for the integration and innovation of the tourism theory system. Before big data technology, the development of Internet boosted online tourism. However, tourism marketing is still inefficient due to a lack of understanding about tourists. After many practical explorations of big data technology, tourism websites begin to adopt big data technology in their daily operations. With the changes in tourists' preferences and needs, further innovation and research are needed to help smart tourism keep up with the changes in the market and create more competitive products and services. Innovation serves as the driving force for enterprises to occupy the market and develop.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.29-46
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• 2023

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to value-added products is a remarkable approach for mitigating CO₂ emissions caused by the excessive consumption of fossil fuels. However, achieving the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ still faces some bottlenecks, including the large overpotential, undesirable selectivity, and slow electron transfer kinetics. Various electrocatalysts including metals, metals oxides, alloys, and single-atom catalysts have been widely researched to suppress HER performance, reduce overpotential and enhance the selectivity of CO₂RR over the last few decades. Among them, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted a great deal of interest because of their advantages over traditional electrocatalysts such as maximized atomic utilization, tunable coordination environments and unique electronic structures. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the electroreduction of CO₂ to carbon monoxide (CO) and the fundamental concepts related to electrocatalysis. Then, we present an overview of recent advances in the design of high-performance noble and non-noble singleatom catalysts for the CO₂ reduction reaction.