• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.367-372
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• 2013

In this paper, micro dried bio-potential electrodes are demonstrated for sEMG (surface ElectroMyoGraphic) signal measurement using conductive epoxy on the textile fabric. Micro dried bio-potential electrodes on the textile fabric substrate have several advantages over the conventional wet/dry electrodes such as good feeling of wearing, possibility of extended-wearing due to the good ventilation. Also these electrodes on the textile fabric can easily apply to the curved skin surface. These electrodes are fabricated by the screen-printing process with the size of $1mm{\times}10mm$ and the resultant resistance of these electrodes have the average value of $0.4{\Omega}$. The conventional silver chloride electrode shows the average value of $0.3{\Omega}$. However, the electrode on the textile fabric are able to measure the sEMG signal without feeling of difference and this electrode shows the lower resistance of $1.03{\Omega}$ than conventional silver chloride electrode with $2.8{\Omega}$ in the condition of the very sharp curve surface (the radius of curvature is 40 mm).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.601-607
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• 2016

Piezoelectric thick films of soft $Pb(Zr,Ti)O_3$ (PZT) based commercial material (S55) were fabricated using a conventional tape casting method. Ag-Pd electrodes were printed on the piezoelectric film at room temperature and all 5 layered films with a dimension of $12mm{\times}16mm$ were successfully laminated for a multi-layered piezoelectric ceramic actuator. The laminated specimens were co-fired at $1,100^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. A flat layered and dense microstructure was obtained for the $112{\mu}m$ thick piezoelectric actuator after sintering process. Thereafter, a prototype piezoelectric speaker was fabricated using the multi-layered piezoelectric ceramic actuator which can operate as a bimorph. Its SPL (sound pressure level) characteristic was also evaluated for speaker application. Frequency response revealed that the output SPL with a root mean square voltage of 10 V increased gradually to the highest peak of 87.5 dB for 1.5 kHz and exhibited a relatively stable behavior over the measured frequency range (${\leq}20kHz$) at a distance of 10 cm, implying that the fabricated piezoelectric speaker is potential for speaker applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2017

Effects of pH value and deposition time on the electrical properties of (NMC) Ni-Mn-Cu-O and (NMCC) Ni-Mn-Cu-Co-O thin films were investigated. The NMC and NMCC films were prepared by spin spray method. The crystal structure and thickness of the annealed films were changed by the pH value and deposition time, respectively. A single phase of cubic spinel structure was confirmed for the annealed films deposited from solutions with pH 7.6. The resistivity of the annealed films was affected by the crystal structure and microstructure. The TCR (temperature coefficient of resistance) was dependent on the $Mn^{3+}/Mn^{4+}$. Typically, the resistivity of $70.5{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and TCR of -3.56%/K at room temperature were obtained for NMCC films deposited from solutions with pH 7.6 for 5 min, and annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ for 3 h.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

CALS/EC is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, collaborative design and engineering, online sourcing, public procuremet, direct consumer marketing, and after-sales service. It involves both products(e.g. consumer goods, specialised medical equipment) and services(e.g. information services, financial and legal services); traditional activities(e.g. healthcare, education) and new activities (e.g. virtual malls). CALS/EC will be emerging to replace and substitute the role of the conventional market. By changing and eliminating some processes of the transactions, the electronic market and the electronic commerce will redistribute the power and hence the benefits of the market activities. Traditional way of doing business may enter into the new electronic market because the role and function of trust and established reputation will be reinforced in the electronic market. The CALS/EC through the Internet has been in the spotlight in the shopping behavior of the consumers. Accordingly Corporates are trying to adapt themselves to those rapidly changing environments being affected by the Internet. Among others, particularly to be noted is the CALS/EC between corporations and consumers whose potential growth can be considered very substantial. This report, focusing on the introduction of CALS/EC for the logistics of SMEs, will allow us to prepare more efficiently for the coming 21st Century. It is obvious that CALS/EC is fast becoming the useful way of exchanging not only information but products in business between firm-to-firm and firm-to-customer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.462-468
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• 2018

The piezoelectric energy harvesting characteristics of a trapezoidal cantilever generator with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) laminate were investigated with various Ag inner electrodes. The piezoelectric mode of operation was a transverse mode by using a planar electrode pattern. The piezoelectric cantilever generator was fabricated using trapezoidal cofired-PZT/Ag laminates by five specimens of 2, 3, 4, 7, and 13 layers of Ag. As the number of Ag electrodes increased, impedance and output voltage at resonant frequency significantly decreased, and capacitance and output current showed an increasing tendency. A maximum output power density of $7.60mW/cm^3$ was realized for the specimen with seven Ag layers in the optimal condition of acceleration (1.2 g) and resistive load ($600{\Omega}$), which corresponds to a normalized power factor of $5.28mW/g^2{\cdot}cm^3$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1243-1261
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• 2014

With the methods of electronic financial frauds becoming advanced, economic losses have greatly increased. The Electronic Financial Fraud Prevention Service(hereafter EFFPS) has taken effect to prevent electronic financial frauds, but economic losses still occurring. This paper aimed to suggest a direction for improvement of the EFFPS, through the analysis of electronic financial fraud cases. As a result of analysis on the fraud cases before and after implementation of the EFFPS, 'Fraud using Smartphone App' and 'Fraud using Calls and SMS' were increased after implementation of the EFFPS, and also the damage cost of 'Fraud using Smartphone App' had increased. Also we revealed some limitations of the EFFPS. For complementing this limitations, authors considered direction for improvement of the EFFPS focus on application of current services/systems related prevention of electronic financial fraud and considered the ways that are make connection with several measurements related prevention currently being discussed and implemented in perspective of defense in depth.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop electronic control system of weeding implement that can operated at various areas such as slope land and inclined road side. The weeding implement consists of five main parts; the electronic control system, the hydraulic system, the main frame, the boom and arm mechanism, and the rotary type weeder. And the weeding implement was developed to be attached by three-point hitch of tractor considering the use of electronic control system. As a result, the electronic control test was conducted with the weeding implement attached to tractor in slope land. The results of the electronic control system test showed satisfactory weeding performance.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-105
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• 2003

The study revealed that the companies are still reluctant to stop using document-based payment methods although they are aware the use of electronic payment system would reduce express and save time. Considering problems that are suggested in the conventional payment method, more companies will introduce and utilize the electronic payment system. Moreover, as the refined electronic payment system is essential in electronic trade, active studies on this field would greatly contribute to the development of electronic payment system. The prevailing settlement of international trade still relies on trading documents while the legal issues are not finalized for electronic bill of lading (B/L) and electronic bill. This research purpose on comparing some e-trading models in character and presenting the obstacles of e-trading activation and the solutions. e-trading models this research has studied are BOLERO, TradeCard, electronic L/C etc. Comparing characteristic points of the e-trading model in this article are as follows; 1)Access ways as a global e-trading model, 2)Structural and Functional characteristic, 3)Role as a global e-trading model, 5)Legal and Application issues in practice, 6)Security issues for Technology. But Further studies on this subject would be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.458-462
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• 2011

Soution-processed ZrInZnO (ZIZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with varying Zr content were fabricated. The ZIZO TFT (Zr=20 at. %/Zn) has an optimal performance with the saturation field effect mobility of 0.77 $cm^2/Vs$, the threshold voltage (Vth) of 2.1 V, the on/off ratio of $4.95{\times}10^6$, and subthreshold swing (S.S) of 0.73 V/decade. Using this optimized ZIZO TFT, the positive and negative gate bias stress according to annealing temperature was also investigated. While the Vth shifts dramatically after 1,000 s of both gate bias stresses, variations in the S.S are negligible. It suggests that electrons or holes are tem porarily trapped in the gate insulator, the semiconductor, or the interface between both layers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.809-814
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• 2014

Spinel thin films were prepared by the spin spray technique to develop new thermal imaging materials annealed at low temperature for uncooled microbolometer applications. The spinel thin films were deposited from $[(Ni_{0.30}Co_{0.33}Mn_{0.37})_{1-x}Cu_x]_3O_4$ ($0.1{\leq}x{\leq}0.2$) solutions and then annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in argon. Effects of Cu content (x) and deposition time on the electrical properties of the annealed films were investigated. With increasing deposition time, the resistivity of the annealed films increased. For the annealed films deposited for 1 min, the resistivity of x=0.15 films was lower than that of x=0.1 films due to the different grain sizes. The high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of the annealed films could be obtained at temperature below $50^{\circ}C$. Typically, the resistivity of $127{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and TCR of -5.69%/K at $30^{\circ}C$ were obtained for x=0.1 films with deposition time of 1 min annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in argon.