• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.69-72
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• 2001

In this paper, we study about a acupuncture point and a non-acupuncture point resistance characteristics for acupuncture research. For this study, we devised resistance variation measurement system. This system is consist of 4-channel skin resistance measuring parts, filters, 12bit A/D convertor, 8051 micro-controller, and personal computer The developed system insert a low current to skin and obtains voltages from standard resistor that is convected to measurement circuit in series. The obtained voltage is converted to 12bit digital signal. Therefore the converted signal is changed to skin resistance by calculation in the personal computer. As the results of experiment, the resistance of acupuncture point and non-acupuncture point are different from each other. The acupuncture point has very fast current flows than the other non- acupuncture point.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

The electronic acupuncture has the advantage of treating the patient with acupuncture by simultaneously analyzing the patient's physical condition and treatment condition. In this paper, it is proposed and developed an electronic acupuncture algorithm embedded in a multi pad. Especially, it is implemented the control algorithm using the optimal electronic dipstick calculation, sensing pad and DSP system for the patient's body condition. Moreover, in this paper, it is developed SW and HW prototypes that can receive personal information by patient and can receive multi-array type electronc needle guiding procedure based on WEB.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06e
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• pp.129-132
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• 2002

In this paper, we describe a millimeter-wave radiation system developed for stimulating acupuncture points, and an analyzing system developed for monitoring the change of physiological signals after the stimulation such as ECG, skin temperature, skin potential and skin resistance. The systems are to be used to investigate the treatment efficacy and biological effects of the millimeter-wave, and eventually, can be used to study the acupuncture meridian system theory in the traditional Korean medicine.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

Objectives : This review is to summarize and assess the effects of acupuncture on parasympathetic nervous system(PNS). Methods and Materials : We searched two electronic databases (CNKI, PubMed) for the articles published until Oct. 2010. The randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled clinical trials (UCTs) were considered to be reviewed. We selected four RCTs, seven UCTs and one article which conducted both RCT and UCT, and reviewed them. The quality of RCTs was also assessed with Cochrane criteria. Results : There were four RCTs which reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, and one RCT reported acupuncture reduced PNS. Four UCTs reported acupuncture enhanced PNS, three UCTs reported acupuncture reduced PNS and one UCT reported there was no remarkable change of PNS after acupuncture. Conclusions : Although the majority of reviewed articles showed acupuncture enhance PNS, it is hard to conclude clearly how acupuncture affects PNS due to insufficient quality of trials. Therefore, more trials with strict condition need to be conducted to obviously identify the effects of acupuncture on PNS.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.197-202
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• 2014

It is used the important method that Oriental doctor determines patient's disease status observing patient's state of tongue in Oriental medicine clinic. In this paper, it developed the how to use the pulse diagnosis and tongue diagnosis based on s mart based electronic acupuncture. It will do objective judgment without wrong diagnosis. In this paper, we developed the algorithm that it automatically determines patient health condition and smart electronic acupuncture kit using fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning system were completed. In this paper, Simulation results proved that acupuncture is effective than the traditional method of using electronic intelligence.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2013

If a human is taken with a disease, the electric resistance of the diseased part is higher than the surrounding area. The inherent current of the human body does not flow well in the diseased part due to high electric resistance. In this paper, we simulated the process to calculate the exact time of electronic acupuncture suitable for patient's physical condition using fuzzy logic and inference. Moreover, In this paper, It utilizes fuzzy logic and fuzzy inference rule to estimate the proper treatment duration for each patient. Physical condition, related disease, and age effects are studied for electronic acupuncture.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.282-289
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to construct a model of the possible thermal runaway of electronic moxibustion and to implement an appropriate risk management method. Methods : To reproduce the system error situation of the electronic moxibustion circuit equipped with microcontroller unit, temperature sensor and heater, a code was set to disable the signal input to temperature sensor and maintain "high" heating signal to heater. The temperature change of electronic moxibustion was compared between 3 types of heater module; module 1 consisting of a combination of heater+0 ohm+0 ohm resistance, module 2 consisting of a combination of heater+Polymeric Positive Temperature Coefficient (PPTC)+0 ohm resistance, and module 3 consisting of a combination of heater+PPTC+10 ohm resistance. The temperature change was measured using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone phantom. After maintaining surface temperature of the phantom at 31~32℃ for 20 seconds, electronic moxibustion was applied. After operating electronic moxibustion, the temperature change was measured for 660 seconds on the surface and 900 seconds at 2 mm depth. Results : Regardless of the module type, the time-dependent change in temperature showed a rapid rise followed by a gentle curve, and a sharp drop in temperature after reaching the maximum temperature about 10 minutes after the switching the moxibustion on. Temperature measured at the depth of 2 mm below the surface increased slower and to a lesser extent. Module 1 reached highest peak temperature with largest change of temperature at both depths followed by module 2, and 3. Conclusions : Through the combination of PPTC+resistance with the heater of electronic moxibustion, it is possible to limit the rise in temperature even with the software error. Thus, this setting can be used as an independent safety measure for the electronic moxibustion control unit.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2022

The purpose of this review was to identify research trends in acupuncture training systems and models and to analyze acupuncture training using phantom models. Articles on acupuncture training were retrieved from domestic and foreign electronic databases (PubMed, CNKI, CiNii, NDSL, KISS, RISS and KMBase). The search included studies conducted from January 1, 2010 to October 1, 2021. Acupuncture training was analyzed by categorization into acupoint location training and needling training. Acupuncture training was most frequently studied in China, acupoint location training was the most studied in 2012, and needling training was the most studied in 2013 and 2020. Among them, a silicone model with a sensor was used for training in acupoint location, and silicone and agarose gel were frequently used for needling training. Classifications of the phantom models for needling training by topic included phantom development, phantom-based education and evaluation system, phantom-based quantitative measurement, comparison of kinematic characteristics of hand motion between experts and beginners, and phantom models for acupoint location and needling training. Further research on the development of acupuncture practice training systems to improve practical skills is needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2023

In this review, we searched for clinical and experimental studies related to acupuncture-related therapy (ART) on the microbiome in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) through the electronic databases of MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System up to May 2023, without language restriction, and after the selection/exclusion process, the study design, target disease, intervention details, treatment period, outcomes, and study results were extracted. A total of 8 articles were selected. Two randomized controlled trials and 6 animal studies evaluated knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, spinal cord injury, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoporosis. ART, including electroacupuncture, thread-embedding acupuncture, and moxibustion, affected microbiome modulation in MSDs. The results reveal that ART could be a potential treatment for regulating the microbiome in MSDs. However, further high-quality studies are needed.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.10-13
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• 2014

In oriental medicine, the pulse beats are important signals that may let us know the conditions of one's health and disease. In other words, doctors of oriental medicine can simply analyze pulse waves anywhere and anytime to treat patients without using high-priced medical appliances. However, they are largely subjective in interpreting the pulse rates and hence their reliability is far from being perfect. The current paper aims to solve this problem by using fuzzy inference rules in judging patients' health status and to develop a software kit of intelligent electronic needles.