• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.133-147
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• 2009

Objectives : This study has the object to evaluate the effect of meditation at the clinical field and to classify the profer meditation by the emotional states of patients. Methods : Thirty volunteers have been recruited using local advertisement. They devided into two groups(patient group, normal group). Emotional states and stressors (STAI, STAXI, BDI, SCL-90-R, Stress Response inventory, Life event stress) have been evaluated. After that test HRV(Heart Rate Variability) has been tested and subjects took a 5-minute rest. After that, one of meditation has been chosed and has been demonstrated for 10 minutes by practiced trainer(Autogenic Training, Fruit Imaginary Meditation, Random assignment). After 5 minutes resting time, HRV has been measured again with meditation that had been administered. Results : 1. The higher the scale of emotional index, the more sensitively react has been occured according to the meditation. 2. The rate of HRV index that means stable state is higher in Fruit Imaginary Meditation group who thought to be administered meditation well. 3. The Fruit Imaginary Meditation is more effective immediately than Autogenic Training assessed by HRV scale and VAS scale of well-administered meditation especially in patients group. 4. Subjects of Highly suffered emotional problem have more effect in Fruit Imaginary Meditation Group compared to Autogenic Training Group. Conclusions : Suitable beginner meditation course considered patient's emotional problem needs to be programmed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2010

The effects of grape seeds extract and grape peels extract prepared from grape pomace on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, degree of lipid peroxidation in serum and liver tissue were investigated in rabbits fed on high cholesterol diet. New Zealand white rabbits were divided as follows ; 1) NOR (normal group); 2) CHOL (cholesterol group); 3) GSH (cholesterol + grape seed extract group); 4) GPE (cholesterol + grape peel extract); 5) GSP (cholesterol + grape seed powder); 6) GPP (cholesterol + grape peel powder); 7) GE (cholesterol + grape seed and peel extract); 8) GP (cholesterol + grape seed and peel powder). Eight groups of rabbits were studied for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, rabbits were sacrificed and the liver tissue were removed. Then, GSH, GPx, GST, CAT and MDA in the liver were measured. In liver tissues, total glutathione contents (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activity, which was significantly higher by grape seed extract supplementation. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the serum of rabbits fed grape seed extract or grape peel powder plus cholesterol than in the serum of rabbits fed cholesterol alone. It is therefore likely that grape seed extract prepared from grape pomace functioned as antioxidants in vivo, negating the effects of the oxidative stress induced by 1% cholesterol diet. The grape seed extract was found effective in converting the oxidized glutathione into reduced glutathione, and in removing $H_2O_2$ that is created by oxidative stress. The grape peel powder was found to have small influence on reduced glutathione content, CAT and GPX activity, but it increased GST activity in liver tissues, resulting in promoting the combination of lipid peroxide and glutathione (GSH), and further, lowering the formation of lipid peroxide in the serum. Therefore, grape pomace (grape seed extract and grape peel powder) supplementation is considered to activate the antioxidant enzyme system and prevent damage with hypercholesterolemia.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2007

Overdoses of acetaminophen cause hepato-renal oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of a 43 kDa protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus, against acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Male albino mice were treated with the protein for 4 days (intraperitoneally, 2 mg/kg body wt) prior or post to oral administration of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg body wt) for 2 days. Levels of different marker enzymes (namely, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were measured in the experimental sera. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production and total antioxidant activity were also determined from acetaminophen and protein treated hepatocytes. Indices of different antioxidant enzymes (namely, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase) as well as lipid peroxidation end-products and glutathione were determined in both liver and kidney homogenates. In addition, Cytochrome P450 activity was also measured from liver microsomes. Finally, histopathological studies were performed from liver sections of control, acetaminophen-treated and protein pre- and post-treated (along with acetaminophen) mice. Administration of acetaminophen increased all the serum markers and creatinine levels in mice sera along with the enhancement of hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation. Besides, application of acetaminophen to hepatocytes increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced the total antioxidant activity of the treated hepatocytes. It also reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes and cellular reserves of glutathione in liver and kidney. In addition, acetaminophen enhanced the cytochrome P450 activity of liver microsomes. Treatment with the protein significantly reversed these changes to almost normal. Apart from these, histopathological changes also revealed the protective nature of the protein against acetaminophen induced necrotic damage of the liver tissues. Results suggest that the protein protects hepatic and renal tissues against oxidative damages and could be used as an effective protector against acetaminophen induced hepato-nephrotoxicity.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2010

In vitro shoot regeneration of gladiolus in three different culture systems, viz., semi-solid agar (AS), membrane raft (MR), and duroplast foam liquid (DF) cultures was evaluated following the kinetics of shoot multiplication and hyperhydricity at optimized growth regulator combinations. Compared to the AS system, matrixsupported liquid cultures enhanced shoot multiplication. The peak of shoot multiplication rate was attained at 18 days of incubation in the MR and DF systems, whereas the maximum rate in the AS system was attained at 21 days. An early decline in acceleration trend was observed in liquid cultures than the AS culture. The hyperhydric status of the regenerated shoots in the different culture systems was assessed in terms of stomatal attributes and antioxidative status. Stomatal behavior appeared to be normal in the AS and MR systems. However, structural anomaly of stomata such as large, round shaped guard cells with damage in bordering regions of stomatal pores was pronounced in the DF system along with a relatively higher $K^+$ ion concentration than in the AS and MR systems. Antioxidative status of regenerated shoots was comparable in the AS and MR systems, while a higher incidence of oxidative damages of lipid membrane as evidenced from malondialdehyde and ascorbate content was observed in the DF system. Higher oxidative stress in the DF system was also apparent by elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. Among the three culture systems, liquid culture with MR resulted in maximum shoot multiplication with little or no symptoms of hyperhydricity. Shoots in the DF system were more prone to hyperhydricity than those in the AS and MR systems. The use of matrix support such as membrane raft as an interface between liquid medium and propagating tissue could be an effective means for rapid and efficient mass propagation with little or no symptoms of hyperhydricity.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2018

Background: Surgical-site, multimodal drug injection has recently evolved to be a safe and useful method for multimodal pain management even in patients with musculoskeletal trauma. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients who underwent plating for mid-shaft and distal clavicular fractures were included in the study. To evaluate whether surgical-site injections (SIs) have pain management benefits, the patients were divided into two groups (SI and no-SI groups). The injection was administered between the deep and superficial tissues prior to wound closure. The mixture of anesthetics consisted of epinephrine hydrochloride (HCL), morphine sulfate, ropivacaine HCL, and normal saline. The visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores were measured at 6-hour intervals until postoperative hour (POH) 72; stress biomarkers (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEA-S], insulin, and fibrinogen) were measured preoperatively and at POH 24, 48, and 72. In patients who wanted further pain control or had a VAS pain score of 7 points until POH 72, 75 mg of intravenous tramadol was administered, and the intravenous tramadol requirements were also recorded. Other medications were not used for pain management. Results: The SI group showed significantly lower VAS pain scores until POH 24, except for POH 18. Tramadol requirement was significantly lower in the SI group until POH 24, except for POH 12 and 18. The mean DHEA-S level significantly decreased in the no-SI group ($74.2{\pm}47.0{\mu}g/dL$) at POH 72 compared to that in the SI group ($110.1{\pm}87.1{\mu}g/dL$; p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in the insulin and fibrinogen levels between the groups. The correlation values between all the biomarkers and VAS pain scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After internal fixation of the clavicular fracture, the surgical-site, multimodal drug injection effectively relieved pain on the day of the surgery without any complications. Therefore, we believe that SI is a safe and effective method for pain management after internal fixation of a clavicular fracture.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

Drought monitoring over paddy field area is an important role as the frequency and intensity of drought due to climate change increases. This study analyzed the applicability of drought monitoring on paddy crops using MODIS-based field surveys. As a satellite-based drought index using evapotranspiration for quantitative drought determination, ESI (Evaporative Stress Index), was applied and calculated through the ratio of MODIS- based actual and potential evapotranspiration. For the irrigated areas of Idong, Gosam, Geumgwang, and Madun reservoirs the availability of irrigation water supply, ponding depth, precipitation, paddy growth were investigated for the paddy field within one grid of MODIS. In addition, the percentile-based ESI drought severity was calculated to compare the growth process of paddy and changes in the drought category of ESI. The Idong area was irrigated about a week later than other reservoirs for the period of water supply, transplanting, and water drainage and the ESI drought category tended to be different. The Gosam, Geumgwang, and Madun area expressed moderate drought prior to the farming season, and indicated normal as the water was supplied. During the water drainage, the drought category intensified, indicating that the water available on land was decreasing. These results demonstrated that the MODIS-based ESI could be an effective tool for agricultural drought monitoring over paddy field area.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.257-271
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• 2011

The analysis of interfacial stresses in structural component has been the subject of several investigations but it still requires more effort and studies. In this study a general three-dimensional interface element has been formulated for stress and displacement analyses in the interfacial area between two adjacent plate bending element and brick element. Interface element has 16 nodes with 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) in each node adjacent to plate bending element and 3 DOF in each node adjacent to brick element. The interface element has ability to transfer three translations from each side of interface element and two rotations in the side adjacent to the plate element. Stiffness matrix of this element was formulated and implemented in three-dimensional finite element code. Application of this element to the reinforced concrete (RC) beam strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) including variation of deflection, slip between plate and concrete, normal and shear stresses distributions in FRP plates have been verified using experimental and numerical work of strengthened RC beams carried out by some researchers. The results show that this interface element is effective and can be used for structural component with these types of interface elements.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Objectives : Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and torso. Typically, it presents with scaly, flaky, itchy, and red skin. It may be aggravated by illness, psychological stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, change of season. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effects of herbal medicine on Seborrheic dermatitisMethods : We employed oriental medical treatments; herbal-medication (Bangpungtongsungsangamibang), acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapy. At the same time, the patient sweated out the skin poison. We treated him two times a week with oriental therapy method. He took medicine three times a day after a meal. During taking medicine, we let him avoid fatty food, flour based food, and alcohol. We took a picture the patient's body parts and compared the symptom with previous symptom. With the picture, we evaluated the patient's condition.Results : After taking treatment - 77 times' acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping therapy during 9 months and taking herbal-medicine, the skin condition of the patient was much improved. At first, he was troubled with itching and hot feeling at reddish area, time after time the itching and hot feeling was weakened. The reddish area was changed to scaly and flaky skin and changed to normal state.Conclusions : Herbal medicine (Bangpungtongsungsangamibang) with oriental medical treatments was an effective in the treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis and it helped to improve regenerating the skin in the body.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2016

Currently many geriatric hospitals have been built in Korea because increasing aging rapidly. However the increasing geriatric hospitals make the increasing safety accidents. Therefore this study is conducted by survey and face-to-face talk with the fire safety managers for analyzing safety problem of geriatric hospitals which number is twelve among 15 geriatric hospitals in the north of Chung-buk area. The result of this study is that geriatric hospitals are very old. Fire safety managers holding the fire safety license are a level 2 issued by the Korea Fire Safety Association(KFSA). And the fire safety inspection ability of them is normal (58%). Furthermore a fire safety budget ratio is 83% (A little) in the company yearly budget. And ratio having the fire inspection equipment in the building is 42% (A little) and 33% (Nothing). Satisfaction ratio of their duty is 66% and they also get stress from heavy duty and heavy responsibility. In conclusion, CEO needs to invest and interest the improvement of job performance, satisfaction ratio and fire safety facility. Also government needs the improvement of system to support and supervise the fire safety of geriatric hospitals consistently.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Objectives : In Alzheimer's disease(AD), free radical oxidative stress caused by amyloid beta-peptide may lead to DNA damage, neuronal dysfunction, neurotoxicity and cell death, Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHT) is traditionally used for the treatment of pyrogenetic diseases. To develop a new anti-AD drug from natural herb, HHT was selected and extracted in this study. Methods : The antioxidant activities of HHT water extract powder were examined by hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand nicking assay, and antioxidative enzymes expression assay in H4IIE cell. In addition, HHT was examined for the inhibitory effect on the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) using by Ellman's coupled assay. Results: The HHT exhibit DNA protective effect in the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA Strand nicking assay, mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were recovered at a normal level by HHT treatment in H4IIE cell. Furthermore, water extract of HHT showed inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that HHT may be effective in delaying and preventing AD progression related to the free radical-induced DNA damage and AChE activity.