• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

As AI technology develops, its application has been extended to diverse fields. In particular, AI-enabled Chatbot services have garnered growing attention and such services are more important as a tool of communication in mobile shopping. However, research on chatbots is in its early stage and the understanding of chatbots in the context of mobile commerce is very limited. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate consumer responses to a shopping chatbot with a focus on the effects of chatbot agent types and message types. Specifically, a $2{\times}2$ between-subjects experimental design, with the agent type (secretary/friend) and the message type (factual/evaluative) as the independent variables, was employed. The results show that although main effects of chatbot agent and message types are not found, interaction effects between chatbot agents and message types on consumer responses are significant. Specifically, when the agent type was a secretary, consumer responses to product recommendation with a factual message were more positive. On the other hand, in the case of the friend agent, the evaluative message led to more positive responses. The findings suggest that communication elements are important in the understanding of consumer responses to chatbots in mobile shopping and effective strategies for utilizing chatbots for mobile commerce should be considered.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.492-501
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• 2019

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as quinoline, quinazolinones and indole are scaffolds of natural products and have broad biological effects. During the last years those structures have been intensively synthesized and modified to yield new synthetic molecules that can specifically inhibit the activity of dysregulated protein kinases in cancer cells. Herein, a series of newly synthesized isoquinolinamine (FX-1 to 8) and isoindoloquinazolinone (FX-9, FX-42, FX-43) compounds were evaluated in regards to their anti-leukemic potential on human B- and T- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Several biological effects were observed. B-ALL cells (SEM, RS4;11) were more sensitive against isoquinolinamine compounds than T-ALL cells (Jurkat, CEM). In SEM cells, metabolic activity decreased with $10{\mu}M$ up to 26.7% (FX-3), 25.2% (FX-7) and 14.5% (FX-8). The 3-(p-Tolyl) isoquinolin-1-amine FX-9 was the most effective agent against B- and T-ALL cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.54 to $1.94{\mu}M$. None of the tested compounds displayed hemolysis on erythrocytes or cytotoxicity against healthy leukocytes. Anti-proliferative effect of FX-9 was associated with changes in cell morphology and apoptosis induction. Further, influence of FX-9 on PI3K/AKT, MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling was detected but was heterogeneous. Functional inhibition testing of 58 kinases revealed no specific inhibitory activity among cancer-related kinases. In conclusion, FX-9 displays significant antileukemic activity in B- and T-ALL cells and should be further evaluated in regards to the mechanisms of action. Further compounds of the current series might serve as templates for the design of new compounds and as basic structures for modification approaches.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.83-95
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Power Card strategy on the receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorders. Method: Three children with autism spectrum disorder were selected for this study and the power card strategy language intervention was applied, using a multiple baseline design across individuals. The target vocabulary was selected by examining the individual preferred characters. Power cards were constructed, and intervention was applied to improve the receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary through the baseline stage, intervention, and maintenance. Result: The application of the power card strategy showed that the acquisition rate of receptive vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorder was increased, and expressive vocabulary acquisition rate was also improved. Conclusion: During the intervention period using the power card strategy, the children's target receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary acquisition rates improved, and the acquisition rate was maintained, even after the intervention. This suggests that the power card strategy is effective in improving the vocabulary of autistic children with disabilities, of school age.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.180-190
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• 2019

Patients who have a moderate periodontitis with pathologic tooth migration of maxillary incisors, it is necessary not only periodontal treatment for reduce periodontal inflammation, but also orthodontic treatment to teeth repositioning. For orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to apply less force and careful considerations of the center of resistance of the tooth and optimal force of tooth movement. At this time, the segmental arch applied only to the target teeth, is more effective and predictable, because applied force and direction can be controlled. In addition, to design the orthodontic appliance that can prevent the unwanted tooth movement that used as an anchorage is important. In recent years, various types of skeletal anchorage system have been used for preventing loss of the anchorage. We reported the patient who had extruded maxillary central incisor due to pathologic tooth migration, treated by a successful periodontal-orthodontic multidisciplinary treatment using an orthodontic appliance designed to apply less traumatic force and reduce an anchorage loss.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine effects of the spiritual care education program on self esteem, communication, existential well-being and spiritual care competence in nurses. A non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized with pre-posttest design was used. The participants were 63 nurses(30 in an experimental group and 33 in a control group)attending a bachelor program of C Colledge in G metropolitan city. The experimental group attended 7 sessions of a SCE(Spiritual Care Education) program. Sessions were 90 minutes each, held once per week for 7 weeks. The scores for self-esteem, communication, existential well-being and spiritual care competence were measured before and after the treatment. Data were collected between October 10 and December 5, 2017 in an experimental group, April 24 and June 5, 2018 in a control group. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The existential well-being(p<.025) and spiritual care competence(p<.001) were significantly increase in the experimental group compared to the control group after the intervention. Results suggest that this SCE program could be effective in increasing the existential well-being and spiritual care competence of nurses.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-153
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• 2019

Estimating tunnel construction time and costs are the most fundamental part of a tunnel project planning, which has been generally assessed on a deterministic basis until now. In this paper, excavation cycle time was investigated for two road tunnels and one subway tunnel, and the results were compared with the Standard of Construction Estimate (SE), which is made for the estimation of construction time and cost in a design stage. The results show that the difference in cycle time between SE and actual cycle time is 50%, 7% and 31% respectively for the three tunnels, which means that SE does not reflect practical operation time. The major reasons of the difference are skilled level of tunneling workers, the change of operation sequences for more effective operations, much more complicated working atmosphere in a tunnel than the assumption of SE etc. Finally, even though the results can not be generalized since investigated tunnels are only 3, but it is thought that SE needs to be upgraded into the model able to consider quite common situations through additional tunnel investigation and studies in the future.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.13-37
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Korean medicine for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We analyzed the result of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that applied Korean medicine to NAFLD patients through meta analysis and systematic review. Methods: The key question was to the effects of Korean medicine for NAFLD patients according to the PICO-SD (participants, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) and we included only RCTs. We searched 10 databases including NDSL, KMBASE, KISS, KISTI, KoreaMed, Koreantk, OASIS, Cochrane, Pubmed, EMBASE without a language restriction. We assessed risk of bias by Cochrane group's Risk of Bias tool. Results: The finally selected 12 RCTs were analyzed. Total number of participants was 1189 (male 719, female 470) as 684 and 505 in the oriental medicine group (i.e. herbal drugs, acupuncture, acupoint embedding therapy) and control group (conventional drugs, placebo), respectively. The meta analysis results of examining 7 RCTs comparing the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicine with that of Western medicine showed statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in the efficacy evaluation, liver function test results, blood lipids, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Furthermore, the meta analysis results of investigating 3 RCTs comparing the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicine with that of a placebo showed statistically significant (p<0.05) differences in the liver function test results, blood lipids, and waist circumference. Conclusions: The research showed that Korean medicine for NAFLD can be effective treatment. But more studies are required to enhance the level of evidence and we should report on safety.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.237-245
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the effects of baby care using dolls on nursing students' contraceptive attitude, sexual attitude, and recognition of unmarried mothers. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects of the study were 104 nursing college students who agreed to participate. The control group (n=52) received lecture sex education while the experimental group (n=52) received lecture sex education and baby care education using a doll. The contraceptive attitude, sexual attitude, and unmarried mother's recognition were then examined. Data were collected from September to December, 2017 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-tests, and t-tests with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. The scores of contraceptive attitude differed significantly between the experimental group and the control group (t=4.66, p=<0.001). Additionally, the sexual attitude score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (t=-2.23, p=0.028), with pleasure playfulness showing a significant decrease (F=3.96, p=<0.001). However, recognition of unmarried mothers did not differ significantly between groups (t=-0.08, p=0.937). Overall, the results showed that baby care using a doll has positive effects on contraceptive attitude and sexual attitude. In the future, effective sex education should include methods that complement lectures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.383-392
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• 2018

This study was conducted to examine the effects of a meta-cognition teaching and learning program on nursing students' self-leadership, collaborative preference and problem solving ability. The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected between March 5 and June 30, 2018 from 74 2-year nursing students in D College of D City who were assigned to an experimental group (n=36) or a control group (n=38). The meta-cognition teaching and learning program consisted of 10 sessions of combined individual and small group learning. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, as well as a t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, and paired t-test with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. After receiving the meta-cognition teaching and learning program, significant differences were observed in self-leadership (t=4.79, p<0.001), collaborative preference (t=5.07, p<0.001), and problem-solving ability (t=6.48, p<0.001) of the experimental group. The results of this study indicate that the meta-cognition teaching and learning program was effective at increasing self-leadership, collaborative preference and problem-solving ability in nursing students. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data to improve self-leadership, collaborative preference and problem-solving ability of nursing students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Program on middle school students' knowledge regarding smoking, self-efficacy, and daily amount of smoking. The study used a nonequivalent control group pre-post-test design and included 47 students who smoke from two middle schools located in city U as subjects. Subjects were separated into two groups, an experimental group with 23 students and a control group with 24 students. Data were collected from February 19, 2018 to May 11, 2018 and analyzed using the IBM SRSS/win 24.0 program to conduct a t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, and a paired t-test. After subjects went through the Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Program, their knowledge regarding smoking (t= 3.38, p=0.002), self-efficacy (t= -3.37, p=0.002), and their daily amount of smoking (t=3.38, p=0.002) showed significant changes. The results indicate that the Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Program is effective at increasing subjects' knowledge regarding smoking and self- efficacy while decreasing their daily amount of smoking. Therefore, to induce cessation of adolescent smoking, Motivation Enhancement for Smoking Cessation Programs tailored to each student should be held.