• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2004

This study is to investigate the effect of dietary mixed protein and L-carnitine supplementation on lipid metabolism in the rats fed high fat diet. Six experimental groups were organized and each group had eight Sprague-Dawley male white rats with the initial weight of around 180g. The six experimental groups were CO(supplemented with casein), CC(supplementedwith casein and cartinine), ISO(supplemented with isolated soy protein), ISC(supplemented with isolated soy protein and cartinine), CIM(supplemented with casein and isolated soy protein), and CIC(supplemented with casein, isolated soy protein and cartinine). Each group was supplemented with the experimental diet for four weeks, and carnitine contained 3efo of the diet. The results were as follows; 1. There was no significant difference in food intake among the experimental groups. The weight increased more significantly in the group supplemented with the mixed protein than in the group supplemented with casein(p<0.05).2. There was weight reduction effect by the supplementation of carnitine(p<0.05), however no weight reduction effect by the supplementation of carnitine was observed in the group supplemented with the mixed protein and isolated soy protein. 3. Food efficiency was lower in the group supplemented with the mixed protein than in the group supplemented with casein (p<0.05), however it was similar in the group supplemented with isolated soy protein.4. Serum total lipid and se겨m total cholesterol were lower in the group supplemented with mixed protein than in the group supplemented with casein(p<0.05). 5. There was no significant difference of serum triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol among the experimental groups. 6. Liver triglyceride was the highest in the group supplemented with mixed protein (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference of liver total lipid and total cholesterol among the experimental groups. 7. In the groups supplemented with mixed protein, the level of liver TBARS showed the lowest when casein was supplemented(p<0.05), and there was no significant difference of GSH-Px activities among the experimental groups. In summary, when mixed protein was supplemented to the rats weight gain and food efficiency were similar with those in the group supplemented with isolated soy protein, however they were lower than those in the group supplemented with casein. The effect of carnitine on weight was not observed in the group supplemented with mixed protein and isolated soy protein, however it was observed in the group supplemented with casein. Serum Total lipid and total cholesterol were lower than those in the group supplemented with casein. Liver total triglyceride was high in the group supplemented with mixed protein, and the antioxidant effect was observed in the group supplemented with mixed protein.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.5-18
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• 2013

This study analyzed the effect by comparing it with 2D game using playtest experimental treatment methodology to verify the video effect, materiality and fatigue effect of 3D video game. First, for the hypothesis to verify the difference of video experience of users for 3D and 2D games, visual clarity was rejected, but materiality, tangibility and presence hypotheses were all accepted. Second, it was shown that there was no difference in eye fatigue and physical fatigue in 3D and 2D games. It was different from results of existing research which claimed that fatigue occurred due to video distortion occurring in 3D video and fatigue inducing factors. Third, the results of measurement of changes in brain wave occurring in the course of playing 3D and 2D games showed that there was no difference in average amplitude of EEG alpha wave, but EEG beta wave occurred in higher amplitude. This study proved the cerebral physiological change and difference in the process of experience to use 3D video game by complementing the methodology in measurement in EEG brain wave in the traditional experimental method.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 2012

In the present study, we collected the information of the 18 major food safety incidents and conducted a delphi survey with 10 experts to analyze the effect of difference between terms used in reporting of the major food safety incidents on risk communication. In the result of the analysis of information from the major food safety incidents, discord of terms used from government, local government, media and consumer groups had a tremendous effect on the socioeconomic losses and caused the expansion of the incidents. The survey with 10 experts showed that there was a high correlation between the difference in ripple effect of reporting terms and the difference in reporting terms. A correlation coefficient was 0.865. Therefore, ripple effect of incidents was significantly affected by reporting terms and we concluded that standardization of term is necessary in reporting of the food safety incidents. These results can be used as a basic material for successful risk communication among the government, enterprises and consumers.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

In the current study, it is suggested that when two emotions are presented through cross-modality, such as auditory and visual, incongruence will influence arousal, recognition, and recall of subjects. The first hypothesis is that incongruent cross-modality does not only increase arousal more than the congruent, but it also increases recall and recognition more than congruent. The second hypothesis is that arousal modulates recall and recognition of subjects. To demonstrate the two hypotheses, our experiment's conditions were manipulated to be congruent and incongruent by presenting positive or negative emotions, visually and acoustically. For dependent variables, we measured recall rate and recognition rates. and arousal was measured by PAD (pleasure-arousal-dominance) scales. After eight days, only recognition was measured repeatedly online. As a result, our behavioral experiment showed that there was a significant difference between arousal before watching a movie clip and after (p<.001), but no difference between the congruent condition and incongruent condition. Also, there was no significant difference between recognition performance in the congruent condition and incongruent condition, but there was a main effect of the clips' emotions. Interestingly after analyzing recognition rates separately depending on clips' emotions, there was a significant difference between congruent and incongruent conditions in the only negative clip (p= .044), not in the positive clip. In a detailed result, recognition in the incongruent condition is more than in the congruent condition. Furthermore, in the case of recall performance, there was a significant interaction between the clips' emotions shown in the clips and congruent conditions (p=.039). Through these results, the effect of incongruence with negative emotion was demonstrated, but an incongruent effect by arousal could not be demonstrated. In conclusion, in our study, we tried to determine the impact of one method to convey a story dramatically and have an effect on memory. These effects are influenced by the subjects' perceived emotions (valence and arousal).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Effect of Decyl Alcohol Emulsifiable Concentrate on sucker control and phytotoxicity to tobacco plants were tested on flue-cured tobacco and burley tobacco. There were no significant differences of sucker inhibition effect between Decyl Alcohol EC and Choline Salt of Maleic Hydrazide Soluble Concentrate(control chemical). Tobacco plants applied with Decyl Alcohol EC showed no visible symptoms of phytotoxicity and no significant differences of number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and stalkt height. Yields increased considerably with no difference from ones of plants treated with control chemical.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 1986

Absorption enhancing effect of 5 MSA-Na at the mucous memberanes of the rectum and duodenum was studied via in vitro sac test. There were no significant differences between two membranes. Effect of 5MSA-Na on the transfer of CMZ to the tissue was also studied via in situ loop method. There was no significant difference at the duodenum, compared to the control when CMZ was administered intravenously. Transfer of CMZ to the loop of the rectum was increased in the presence of 5MSA-Na compared to the control, which might be attributed to the enhanced permeability of the mucous memberane of the rectum.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.291-298
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• 1998

The object of this study is to investigate the effect of elastic wheel from the viewpoint of noise and vibration of railway vehicle. The vibration reduction was predicted from the FRF difference between elastic wheel and solid wheel by FEM simulation. The elastic wheel and solid wheel were compared in viewpoint of carbody vibration and car interior noise level. The effect of elastic wheel on the noise and vibration of subway vehicle was obtained. But, the application of elastic wheel must be reviewed in some aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.181-195
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the effect of body exposure and color of a woman's suit on the perception of modesty, and 2) the effect of perceiver's sex and age on impression formed by the function of clothing variables. The instrument of this study consisted of a response scale and stimuli. Thirteen items of 7-point semantic differential scales were developed to measure the perceiver's impression on wearer's modesty. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing one of 8 types of suit constructed by a 2 $\times$ 2 $\times$ 2 factorial design. The manipulation of each level of the clothing variables were: color of the suit by black and red, leg exposure by varying skirt lengths to a Chanel-line and mini skirt, and neck exposure by shirt collar blouse and scarf. Two models, representing typical female college students living in Seoul, were selected to eliminate model effect. The sample include 384 subjects, consisting of 4 groups of male and female college students and middle aged men and women. Eight experimental groups were randomly assigned to one of eight stimuli based on between-subject design. One half of each group responded to model 1 and the other half to model 2 of same stimulus. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed (pc model, Varimax rotation) to identify factors constructing impression of modesty. Two factors emerged regard­less of subgroups; Elegance and Extroversion factor. The first factor was found to be dominant, accounting for 60 percent of the total variance. The other accounted for just 11 percent. Multidimensional ANOVA (5-way, 3-way) was conducted to test the effect of the clothing variables against two factors identified from the factor analysis. Leg exposure was the most powerful variable affecting the impression of Elegance and Extroversion factor for all per. ceiver subgroups. Neck exposure had primary effect on the impression of Elegance, whereas it partially influenced that of Extroversion. Color of suit had only partial effect on the impression of Extroversion. Hypothesis I was partially supported from the findings above. The effect of perceiver's age and sex on impression by the function of clothing variables was tested by comparing the result between four subgroups. In forming an impression of the wearer's modesty, male college students were least affected by the manipulation of clothing variables, while middle aged males were affected most. In the female groups, there was no age difference and they fell between the male groups in the degree to which they were affected. Hypothesis II was supported only by age difference in two male groups, and by sex difference in two student groups.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.125-133
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• 2022

This study attempted to find out whether learning time has a mediating effect according to the gender, region, and grade of middle school students in the relationship between academic engagement and self-esteem. To this end, a survey of 1,045 middle school students in Gyeongsangnam-do was conducted on academic engagement, learning time, and self-esteem. Difference verification was conducted to determine the difference in academic engagement, learning time, and self-esteem according to the general characteristics of the study subjects, correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between major variables, and regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of learning time. As a result of the analysis, first, there was no difference in the academic engagement of middle school students by group. In the learning time, middle school students in the city area were significantly higher than those in the township area, male students had higher self-esteem than female students, and students in the city area had significantly higher self-esteem as the grade went up. Second, as a result of correlation analysis, learning time, academic engagement, and self-esteem showed a positive correlation. Third, in the entire group not divided by group, both the direct path through which academic engagement reaches self-esteem and the partial mediating model from learning time to self-esteem showed significant effects. In the analysis by gender, only female students excluding male students showed a partial mediating effect, and the analysis results by region showed a partial mediating effect only on students in the city. The analysis results by grade showed a partial mediating effect only for second-year middle school students. In order to improve the self-esteem of middle school students, education and counseling should be conducted in consideration of not only individual differences by gender and grade, but also the region in which they live.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate thermal effect and medication compliance of red ginseng extract. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical study was performed. Twenty four healthy, married women aged 30-45 years with FSFI score below 25 were randomly divided into two groups; red ginseng group(N=12) and placebo group(N=12). During the first 6-week period (Study1), each group was dosed with red ginseng or placebo twice a day. Before starting the second 6-week period(Study2), a crossover design was chosen with a 2-week break(Washout period). Interchanging two groups after Washout period, red ginseng and placebo were dosed to each group. The efficacy of thermal effect was measured with subjective warm sensation scale and lower abdomen temperature by Digital Infrared Thermographic imaging(DITI) before and after each 6-week period. A medication compliance was assessed after each 6-week period and the correlation medication compliance between Sasang Constitution and subjective warm sensation was analyzed. Results: Overall 23 participants completed the study. In subjective warm sensation scale, after taking placebo, all participants exhibited an improving trend, but there was no significant difference. In lower abdomen temperature by DITI, statistically significant objective thermal effect of red ginseng was also not shown. A medication compliance was higher in Yin constitution(Taeumin, Soeumin), and showed an upward trend with decreasing subjective warm sensation. But no statistically significant difference was exhibited. Conclusion: Statistically significant thermal effect of red ginseng was not shown in this study. We anticipate if a long-term clinical trial is practiced, significant thermal effect of red ginseng will be shown.