• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in smoking rates according to the major occupational categories in South Korea. Methods: The study subjects were a weighted sample of 24,495 men and 26,121 women aged 25-64 from the 2003 Social Statistics Survey, which was conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office. Occupation was classified according to the Korean Standard Occupation Classification. We computed the age-standardized smoking rates according to gender and occupations after adjusting for the education level, marital status, and self-rated health. Results: For men, the smoking rate in elementary occupations was two times higher than that of clerks (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.74-2.26). In general, a more prestigious job(professionals) correlated with lower smoking rates, and less prestigious jobs correlated with higher smoking rates, except for legislators, senior officials and managers. For women, smoking among service workers was 4.1 times higher than among clerical workers (OR=4.11, 95% CI=2.87-5.88). For women, their occupations, except elementary workers, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, failed to show significant differences in smoking compared with the clerical workers. After adjusting for education, occupational differences in the smoking rate for men were attenuated in most occupations, except for legislators, professionals, and technicians. Further adjustment for marital status and self-rated health had a minimal effect on the occupational differences in the smoking rate for men. For women workers with service or elementary occupations, the ORs of smoking were attenuated with adjustment of the educational levels. However, the ORs of smoking were increased in workers with service, sales or elementary occupations, as well as for legislators, and the unemployed, the retired and the armed forces, after additionally adjusting for marital status. Conclusions: More prestigious jobs generally correlated with lower smoking rates in both sexes. The anti-tobacco policy should consider smoking rate differentials by occupations.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Children, who have a language disorder, have difficulty in expressing their reaction about stimulus of sound and vision. So it is very hard to grasp that they recognize external stimulus or not. For solving these problem, we can check response time and make them to choose stimulus by giving stimulus of sound and vision to them through Audio and Visual Stimulus and Reaction Meter System. Additionally, We can help them by improving response time by repeated study based on the results and making them to recognize and choose stimulus faster without aversion about external stimulus. It would make them not to feel uncomfortable and isolated because they are unfamiliar with external stimulus.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.885-899
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• 2010

The purpose of this research project is to explain why high-achieving high school students in our country do or do not choose a science major and to explore gender differences. First-year students attending science high schools and international high school participated, responding to open-ended questions on science activities, self-concept of strengths for science learning, and rationales for choosing or not choosing a science major. For high- achieving students, it is shown that intrinsic interest has the greatest correlation with choosing a science major, with the next important influence being self-efficacy. On the other hand, in not choosing a science major, the lack of self-efficacy has a greater correlation than the lack of intrinsic interest. Self-concept in science-learning and science activities occurring outside of school classes are also compared and analyzed, and implications are discussed from educational and policy viewpoints.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2015

This paper proposed system for providing the national competency standards learning module, which has changed and updated from time to time. The provisioning server of the proposed system provides learning module, and the management server carry out fault management, billing, request management, statistics and aggregate, etc, and the target server requests the learning module in the provisioning server through the domain. The proposed system determines provide of the learning module by CORS based on filter, which is to determine whether matches or not with domain of the provisioning server and the target server. The proposed system can be patch and maintenance remotely about NCS based learning module to be new update and removed. Also, the proposed system may provide contents in conjunction with existing educational systems, and may be extended in the future to enable the management for domain of the target server.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.13
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

The Chos$\hat{o}$n society witnessed internal unrest that culminated in popular uprisings during the years of 1700~1870, and this circumstances in Korean society offered a good opportunity to reorganize the relationship between production and society. However, it is not clear whether this pointed toward a modern capitalist society. Nevertheless, Korean society and agriculture developed under various difficult circumstances. In the view of the increase of land productivity and population during this period. Despite such tribulations, alter WWII the country underwent rapid industrialization, but it is not clear how lar the historical experience aided this development. The educational investment which builds upon the peasants' work morale and thriftiness certainly transforms the human capital and thus exerts important influence on the development of Korean modernization.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.237-250
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of newly graduated nurses with educational programs and their experiences in role transition. Methods: Data were collected from November 1 to December 15, 2018 and 483 new graduate nurses working at 15 tertiary hospitals and 10 general hospitals participated. For data collection, self-report questionnaires including the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey tool and satisfaction with education were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance. Results: Satisfaction with education ranged from 3.09 to 3.27, and satisfaction with preceptors was 3.45(maximum 4). The skill that new nurses ranked as most difficult during the first 3 months was charting/documentation, and throughout a whole year, the top 4 difficult skills were cardiopulmonary resuscitation/emergency response, ventilator care, end-of-life care, and prioritization/time management. In comfort/confidence, new graduates felt most comfortable with support and least comfortable with patient safety. More than 50 percent of new graduates experienced stress during role transition, and the most frequently experienced stressors were related to job performance and personal life. Levels of satisfaction with education and comfort/confidence differed according to the hospital type and number of preceptors for new nurses. Conclusion: In order to facilitate the transition of new graduate nurses to professional nurse, an extended period of education, systematic and standardized transition programs, and continuous support during the first year of practice are required.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-46
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the role of and to analyze the job of nurses in a regional emergency center using the Developing a Curriculum(DACUM) process, a job analysis technique. Methods: The DACUM committee was organized, and three workshops were held from June 1st to July 4th, 2016. One hundred two nurses in a regional emergency center participated in a survey from October 3rd to 10th, 2016. The frequency, importance and difficulty of each tasks and task elements in the DACUM were investigated on a Likert scale. Results: The roles of nurses in a regional emergency center were identified and the DACUM chart was developed with 6 duties, 29 tasks and 153 task elements. According to the survey, some tasks such as 'CPR,' 'acute respiratory distress care,' and 'drug administration' showed high frequency and importance or difficulty in all nursing units in common, and different results reflected the characteristics of each nursing unit were also found. Conclusion: The results showed the feature of the regional emergency center. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop educational programs for practice.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.670-677
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• 2007

Virtual instruments are the mobile software designed to help users navigate, measure hidden environmental properties, or support various user interactions in a virtual environment. Over the past few years, we have developed several virtual instruments for educational virtual environments. However, the process of constructing virtual instruments is often difficult and time consuming because it requires the developers to understand not only the virtual reality systems but also mobile computing platforms. In this paper, we Int identify a few requirements for the development of virtual instruments. Then, we introduce the VIST (Virtual Instrument Scripting Toolkit), specifically designed for reducing the effort of designing virtual instruments. Finally, we will illustrate some applications of using VIST and then discuss the future research directions.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.43
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• pp.272.1-272.12
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• 2018

Background: In Korea, the breastfeeding (BF) rate of infants aged 6 months or more is drastically decreasing, and this phenomenon is particularly worrisome for the future health of the population. The present study aimed to identify an antenatal strategy for initiation and continuation of human BF, and to identify how Baby-Friendly Hospitals (BFHs) may positively influence the intention to breastfeed. Methods: A total of 414 pregnant Korean antenatal women were surveyed using questionnaires to determine current knowledge of the benefits of human breast milk, whether they planned to breastfeed after delivery, to continue BF after reinstatement in the workforce, are willing to abide by rooming-in care for infants, and plan to give birth at BFHs. Results: We found that planning room-in care, greater awareness of BF benefits for infant and mother, participation in antenatal education programs, and provision of BF facilities in the workplace were positively associated with plans for exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and longer BF duration. The mothers who planned to give birth at BFHs also desired to breastfeed immediately after birth, implement in-room care, continue BF at their workplace, participate in antenatal BF educational programs, and were more aware of the benefits of BF. Conclusion: If the beneficial effects of BFHs were well known to individuals, these would enhance the success rate of BF in Korea. Antenatal education and consequent acquisition of better knowledge of the benefits of BF are important for increasing the rate of BF practices.

• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.150-154
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• 2018

As disasters have been increasing in recent years, disaster health literacy is gaining more important for a population such as middle-age women. This is because they face developmental crises (menopause) and situational crisis (disaster). Due to the growing elderly population, it is imperative to seriously consider the issue of aging women's healthcare, and their educational needs relative to emergencies and disasters. The purpose of study was to clarify the importance of disaster health literacy for middle-age women. This study is a review of the literature using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, OVID, ProQuest, Springer, and Wiley. Data was collected with keywords related to the research topic ("Women's health" OR "Geriatric health") AND ("Health literacy" OR "Disaster health literacy" OR "Disaster prevention literacy" OR "Risk knowledge" OR "Knowledge management") AND ("Disasters" OR "Risk" OR "Crises") in combination with the Boolean-operators OR and AND. We reviewed full text English-language articles published November 2011 November 2017. Additional references were identified from reference lists in targeted publications, review articles and books. This review demonstrated that disaster health literacy is critical for elderly women, because they may suffer from physical and psychological problems triggered by developmental crises such as menopause and situational crises such as disasters. Disaster literacy could enable them to improve resiliency and reduce disaster risk. Education has vital role in health promotion of middle-age women. Policymakers and health managers should be aware of the challenges of elderly women as a vulnerable group in disasters and develop plans to incorporate disaster health literacy for preparedness and prevention in educating this group.