• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in Korean postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed data of 2,019 postmenopausal women aged 50-64 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2008-2011 and were free of cardiovascular disease history. Blood pressure, height, and weight were measured. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Waist circumference was used to measure obesity. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight<1 standard deviation below the gender-specific means for healthy young adults. The estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk was calculated by Pooled Cohort Equation. Subjects were classified as non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity based on status of waist circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 16.3% (n=317) and 18.3% (n=369), respectively. The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk in the sarcopenic obesity group was higher ($3.82{\pm}0.22%$) than the normal group ($2.73{\pm}0.09%$) and sarcopenia group ($3.17{\pm}0.22%$) (p < 0.000). The odd ratios (ORs) for the ${\geq}7.5%$ 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease risk were significantly higher in the sarcopenic obesity group (OR 3.609, 95% CI: 2.030-6.417) compared to the sarcopenia group (OR 2.799, 95% CI: 1.463-5.352) (p for trend < 0.000) after adjusting for independent variables (i.e., exercise, period of menopausal, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) score, income, education level, calorie intake, %fat intake and hormonal replacement therapy). Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity appear to be associated with higher risk factors predicting the 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. These findings imply that maintaining normal weight and muscle mass may be important for cardiovascular disease risk prevention in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2009

Recently, an increasing number of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw(BRONJ) is being reported. A guideline has been already established in the US, but it does not seem to be fully recognized by clinicians in Korea. Therefore, a survey study was done to inform and have clinicians realize the seriousness of BRONJ. 1,341 practitioners were randomly selected out of 13,405 practitioners(by Feb of 2008, KDA) in Korea. A questionnaire was given to them between May to July in 2008. Questions were designed to investigate each respondent's experience term years in the clinic, occupation, speciality, awareness on risk of bisphosphonate, experience on treating osteonecrosis patients, awareness about the guideline on BRONJ suggested by AAOMS and whether if they ask about bisphosphonate medication history to patients before invasive treatment. 45.1% of the clinicians have reported on experiencing delayed healing on bone exposed site after extraction both in the maxilla and the mandible. However, clinicians have asked the patients whether if they are on bisphosphonate or not in only 15.1% of these cases. 56.5% of the clinicians simply knew about BRONJ but only 28.9% of the clinicians were aware that bisphosphonate can cause osteonecrosis after invasive dental treatment. Only 19.3% knew about the contents of guideline on BRONJ and 57.2% were aware of the seriousness of BRONJ. Clinicians with shorter clinical experience term were more aware of BRONJ and the guideline on BRONJ than the experienced clinicians. But awareness of the possibility of BRONJ after invasive dental treatment were about the same regardless of their clinical experience. The results show that Korean clinicians need to be more aware about BRONJ. Data on BRONJ cases in Korea should be collected and provided with additional education to let Korean clinicians know and be more aware about BRONJ.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

Narcolepsy is characterized by sleep attack with excessive daytime sleepiness(EDS), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucination. Paradoxically, narcoleptics tend to complain of frequent arousals and shallow sleep during the night time despite their excessive sleepiness. However, nocturnal sleep fragmentation in narcoleptics is relatively ignored in treatment strategies, compared with sleep attack/EDS and cataplexy. In our paper, we attempted to investigate further on the poor nocturnal sleep in narcoleptics and to discuss possible treatment interventions. Out of consecutively seen patients at Seoul National University Sleep Disorders Clinic and Division of Sleep Studies, we recruited 57 patients, clinically assessed as having sleep attack and/or EDS. Nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test(MSLT) were done in each of the subjects. We selected 19 subjects finally diagnosed as narcolepsy(mean age $26.0{\pm}18.3$ years, 16 men and 3 women) for this study, depending on the nocturnal polysomnographic and MSLT findings as well as clinical history and symptomatology. Any subject co-morbid with other hypersomnic sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or periodic limb movements during sleep was excluded. Sleep staging was done using Rechtschaffen and Kales criteria. Sleep parameters were calculated using PSDENT program(Stanford Sleep Clinic, version 1.2) and were compared with the age-matched normal values provided in the program. In narcoleptics, compared with the normal controls, total wake time was found to be significantly increased with significantly decreased sleep efficiency(p<.01, p<.05, respectively), despite no difference of sleep period time and total sleep time between the two groups. Stage 2 sleep%(p<.05), slow wave sleep%(p<.05), and REM sleep%(p<.01) were found to be significantly decreased in narcoleptics compared with normal controls, accompanied by the significant increase of stage 1 sleep%(p<.01). Age showed negative correlation with slow wave sleep%(p<.05). The findings in the present study indicate significant fragmentation of nocturnal sleep in narcoleptics. Reduction of REM sleep% and the total number of REM sleep periods suggests the disturbance of nocturnal REM sleep distribution in narcoleptics. No significant correlations between nocturnal polysomnographic and MSLT variables in narcoleptics suggest that nocturnal sleep disturbance in narcoleptics may be dealt with, in itself, in diagnosing and managing narcolepsy. With the objective demonstration of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of nocturnal and daytime sleep in narcoleptics, we suggest that more attention be paid to the nocturnal sleep fragmentation in narcoleptics and that appropriate treatment interventions such as active drug therapy and/or circadian rhythm-oriented sleep hygiene education be applied as needed.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-127
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• 2005

과학박물관은 과학기술 유물의 수집, 보존, 연구, 전시를 통해 과학과 그것의 역사적 배경에 대한 깊이 있는 시각을 제공하며, 사이언스 센터는 직접적인 조작과 실험을 통해 과학에 대한 흥미를 유발시킴과 동시에 과학원리를 교육하는 기능을 수행한다. 그러나 과학박물관에 나열된 유물이나 사이언스 센터의 작동모형이 정치, 경제, 문화, 예술, 위험, 환경 등과 복잡하게 얽혀 있는 현대 과학을 이해하는데 충분한 안목을 길러주지는 못한다. 이 글은 21세기 우리의 과학(박물)관이 나아가야 할 방향을 정립하는데 있어 제 1세대인 과학박물관과 제 2세대인 사이언스 센터의 장점은 살리면서 한계를 극복해 나가려는 시도가 필요함을 주장한다. 본문에서는 우선 서구에서 과학박물관과 사이언스 센터가 어떻게 탄생하였으며 그 사회적 역할과 최근 동향은 어떠한지를 살펴볼 것이다. 또한 한국 과학관의 역사를 국립과학관을 중심으로 짚어 봄으로써 한국 사회에서 과학관의 현주소를 밝혀 보고자 한다. 이어서 국내외 과학박물관과 사이언스 센터에서 보여주고 있는 변화의 움직임을 과학과 예술과의 접목, 사회적 공론의 장이 되는 과학박물관 전시, 신개념의 사이언스 센터와 같은 사례를 통해서 살펴보고, 이러한 시도들이 가지는 의미를 탐색해 볼 것이다. 끝으로 '광장'으로서의 제 3세대 과학(박물)관이 과학의 '공공이해를 넘어서 '공공참여'까지 이끌어내는 사회적 기능을 수행해야 한다는 의미에서, PUS와 과학(박물)관의 관련성에 대해서 논의하며, 이러한 논의들이 현재 한국 사회의 과학(박물)관의 현실에서 지니는 의미와 시사점을 이 글의 마지막에서 제시할 것이다.것을 전제로 생명을 창조하는 것을 허락하는 배아복제에 참여하면서 "생명" 수호자의 정체성을 부여받는 것이 각기 내포하는 모순에 대해 여성이 어떻게 순을하고 타협하고 저항할지에 따라 배아복제 연구의 방향과 속도가 달라질 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2020

우리나라에서 발생하는 여성암 중 1위는 유방암으로 또한 지속적으로 발생률이 증가하고 있다. 이는 경제성장과 함께 좌식 생활이 증가한 영향 때문이라는 의견이 다수다. 본 연구는 경기도 소재 암 전문병원을 내방한 환자와 정상군을 대상으로 국제표준 운동상태 설문을(IPAQ) 실시하였고 설문의 운동 상태를 표준 점수화(MET) 하여 환자군과 정상군의 표준점수 차이에 따른 유방암 발생의 영향 정도를 비교하였다. 연구 대상자의 나이는 환자군과 정상군과의 통계적 차이를 벗어나지 않는 대상자로 선정 하였고 유방암 발병의 운동 상태외의 요소에 의한 유방암 발생 영향 파악을 위하여 체질량, 가족력, 초경 연령, 출산력, 교육 정도 등을 함께 설문하였다. 대체로 유방암 환자군이 정상군 대비 낮은 MET 점수 결과를 나타났고 폐경 전 여성보다 폐경 후 여성에서의 운동에 의한 유방암 발생 영향이 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 체질량 크기와도 유사한 유방암 발생영향 결과를 나타났다. 운동을 통한 적정 체중 유지는 체내 유방암의 발암 물질 축적을 낮출 수 있어서 유방암 발생을 낮출 수 있는 효과가 있다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 1988

Clonorchiasis should be realized as an important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. This study was designed to obtain the infection rate, contributing factors as well as the behavior of infected persons among the factory workers in Pohang area where that parasite still remains as a problem. Study was undertaken from September '86 to October '87. Clonorchiasis skin test was performed for 3180 factory workers, and stools of skin test positive reactors were examined. Praziquantel was prescribed to stool examination positive persons for clonorchis sinensis ova. After one year. stool examination was repeated for them who received medicine. At the same time. a structured questionnaire was given and the results were analyzed and compared with control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis. 1) Clonorchiassis skin test positive rate was $26.2\%$ (834/3180). 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova) positive rate among skin test positive reactors was $21.6\%$ (129/598) All 129 infected persons were male. 2. Contributing factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection. 1) The chance of infection was higher in low-educated peple(p<0.01) 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova)positive rate was higher among the persons who reside near the riverside now(p<0.01), or among the persons who long history of riverside residence(p<0.01) 3) The infection rate was higher in thoes who like sliced raw fresh water fishes than in those who like cooked fishes(p<0.05). 4) Correct answering rate for questions about the cause and route of Clonorchis sinensis infection was low in infected persons. 5) The infection rate was lower among those who had experience of previous clonorchiasis test(p<0.01). 6) Family members of infected persons show higher rates of infection(p <0.01). 3. Treatment effect and compliance of infected person to treatment. 1) After one year, negative stool conversion rate was $85.4\%$. 2) $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine; Only $3.1\%$ of them consulted to physician to know the medication effect; As many as $29.4\%$ of them continued to consume raw fresh water fishes. As a conclusion, City of Pohang area, Hyung San River in the center, is an endemic area of clonorchiasis. Current clonorchiasis control system seemed to be ineffective; many of the skin test positive group did not submitted their stool for examination; only $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine even though the drugs were given free of charge; $29.4\%$ continued to consume raw fresh water fishes after taking medicine. Therefore. proper education program should be provided to improve the compliance to treatment. Follow-up for infected cases is mandatory to prevent waste of restricted budget.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

2004년 2월부터 2005년 6월까지 제주특별자치도 애월읍 신엄리에서 흑로의 번식과정을 조사하였다. 한배 산란수는 $3.24{\pm}0.75$개(N=17, 범위 $2{\sim}4$개)였으며, 알은 새벽이나 밤에 $1{\sim}3$일 간격으로 산란하였다. 알(N=39)의 크기는 장경 $46.73{\pm}l.91mm$, 단경 $34.06{\pm}0.83mm$, 무게 $27.67{\pm}3.12g$, 두께 $0.26{\pm}0.03mm$였다. 흑로의 둥지 보수나 짓기는 매년 2월부터 시작해서 늦게는 4월말까지, 산란기는3월초부터 늦게는 5월 초순까지였고, 부화기는4월 초순에서 5월 중순까지, 이소기는 5월 중순부터 7월말까지였다. 보충 산란은 1차 번식과정 중 포란과 육추에 실패한 $5{\sim}6$월에 바로 시도하는 것으로 추정된다. 포란 기간은 $28.17{\pm}4.12$일(N=6)이었으며, 알은 비동시성으로 부화되었다. 육추 기간은 $40.00{\pm}6.84$일(N=5)이었으며, 새끼의 부리, 날개, 부척, 체중의 성장속도는 부화가 빠른 개체일수록 빠른 경향을 보였다. 우리나라에서 번식하는 백로과 조류의 산란시기를 비교해보면, 흑로는 왜가리보다는 느렸으나, 해오라기, 쇠백로, 중대백로는 보다는 빨랐다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

The need for and components of a contemporary community pharmacy externship for pharmacy students have not been clearly identified in Korea. Mail survey was performed among 20 college of pharmacy deans and 800 community pharmacists to analyze the current status and develop a consensus regarding major focus area and criteria of community pharmacy externship to be implemented under the separation of dispensary from medical practice in year 2000. Mail survey yielded $80\%\;and\;23.5\%$ response rate for pharmacy school deans and community pharmacists, respectively. Of the 16 pharmacy schools that responded 14 said they have externship program in hospital pharmacy, and only 8 pharmacy schools responded of having externship program for community pharmacy. However, these community pharmacy programs lacked criteria and standard guideline for the externship. The results of survey revealed that community pharmacy externship program for students should be organized and directed toward developing expert knowledge and skills in pharmacy practice activities, clinical services, communications, pharmacy management, and professionalism. Pharmacy practice components should include competencies and skills in computer application, prescription processing, dispensing, pharmaceutical compounding, Narcotics Control Law application, maintenance and provision of drug information, and laws and regulations. Clinical service components should include the ability to identify patient's drug-related problems, provide long-term patient care and appreciate drug therapy services. Communication skills should be taught to effectively express his/her professional opinion, deduce the needs of others, utilize appropriate techniques and media to communicate ideas and conduct a patient interview and to obtain patient drug history. Pharmacy management skills should be taught to be efficient in medical insurance and drug control process. It was found that professionalism, morality, pharmacy practice experience, ability to provide clinical services, collect and provide drug information and regality are important criteria of preceptors. Externship sites should possess the ability to stock various drugs, access and provide diverse pharmacy services and should have private patient counseling area. Most pharmacists agreed that top 200 drugs' generic and brand name, indications, dosage, side effects, and contraindication should be instructed during the externship. It was also found that student and preceptor should be evaluated for their performances during the externship. This information will be incorporated into teaming objectives for students and to develop Academic Extemship Program Guidelines.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2010

테마파크는 단순히 여가활동을 위한 오락적 공간이 아닌, 주제라는 관념적 울타리를 가지고 다양한 이야기를 담아내는 곳이다. 그 이야기는 방문자가 얻고, 채우고, 남기고 싶어 하는 '의미를 전하는 공간'으로 로봇랜드는 로봇과 인간 그리고 자연을 담아내고 있다. 본 연구는 민간사업자 선정을 위한 마산로봇랜드 설계공모에서 차순위협상대상자로 당선된 작품의 설계전략과 내용을 서술한 것이다. 계획의 주안점은 첫째, 테마파크의 성공여부인 재방문력을 위한 각 공간들의 구성력과 테마의 전달력에 있으며, 둘째, 기계산업의 핵심적 허브이자 아름다운 해안자원을 지니고 있는 마산의 잠재력을 적극으로 이용함에 있다. 먼저, 로봇, 인간, 자연의 요소별 특성을 융합할 수 있는 신진대사의 선형을 모티브로 이용하여 자연훼손을 최소화하면서 이용자의 욕구와 형태의 변화에 따라 유연하게 반응할 수 있는 공간을 창출하였다. 식재계획은 컬러로 규정된 상징적 의미를 이용하여 진입광장, 기존 산림지, 경사지, 휴양지, 단지 내부, 에코아일랜드 등에 각 공간적 특성에 맞추어 도입하였다. 또한 로봇의 전시 및 교육, 숙박자를 위한 휴양 시설, 다양한 놀이 및 상업시설, 유토피아형 가든의 공간을 테마로 대상지의 용도 및 성격에 맞게 조닝을 설정하여 세부공간을 모색하였으며, 마산로봇랜드가 단순히 경제적 효과뿐 아니라 지역적 정서를 근간으로 정신적 풍요를 만들어내는 참된 문화공간으로 조성될 수 있도록 계획하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제13A권6호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2006

웹의 활용이 보편화 되면서 웹을 통한 자료의 검색이 증가하고 있으나, 웹상의 방대한 자료 중에서 학습자가 꼭 필요한 학습자료를 찾는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 검색엔진을 이용할 경우 원하는 정보를 어느 정도 찾을 수 있으나 검색어 일치방식에 의존하는 현재의 검색엔진의 특성상 결과가 만족스럽지 못한 경우가 많다. 또한 검색 결과 중에서 연관이 없는 정보를 필터링하기 위해 사용자가 많은 시간을 낭비하기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 웹 자원의 의미정보를 구조화하여 정보의 효율적인 검색, 통합, 재사용을 가능하도록 하는 시맨틱 웹(Semantic Web)기술을 활용하여 초등학교 학습자료에 적합한 온톨로지(Ontology)를 제안하고, 의미적 연관관계를 통해 학습내용에 접근할 수 있도록 초등학교의 역사분야 학습 내용에 관한 온톨로지를 구축하였다. 또한 이를 기반으로 학습자료를 검색할 수 있는 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 검색시스템의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학습자료와 연관된 사용자 질의어를 보다 상세하게 입력받아 검색결과를 얻는다. 둘째, 사용자 질의어를 바탕으로 학습자료 온톨로지에 질의하여 검색어가 포함된 결과 및 검색어와 연관된 정보를 검색결과로 얻는다. 셋째, 질의어와 연관된 내용을 함께 제시함으로써 학습의 효율을 높일 수 있다.