• 무역학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.45-63
• /
• 2021

This paper investigates the effects of China's participation in global value chains (GVC) on the productivities focusing on the manufacturing industries. In this study, several indicators of participation in global value chains were used. These include GVC participation, forward GVC participation, backward GVC participation and GVC position index. In particular, we used the data obtained from 18 manufacturing industries in China during 15 years from 2000 to 2014. The main results of the analysis are as follows. First, the higher the degree of total participation in GVC, the higher the productivity. This means that with the increase in exports and imports of intermediate goods, productivity has increased through technology spillover effects or competition effects, and so on. Second, the backward participation does not increase the productivities significantly while forward participation leads higher productivity. Third, the productivity improvement effects of GVC participation was larger in the high-tech industries than in the low-tech industries. These results show that GVC participation was helpful for the economic growth of China and the efforts for moving toward upstream production stage in GVC is necessary for the improvement of international competitiveness in Chinese manufacturing industry.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 1992

Paleomagnetic study on the sedimentary rocks in the Choongnam Coal Field has been carried out to determine the direction of declination and inclination of NRM and position of paleomagnetic pole, and to investigate the geotectonism and geomagnetic stratigraphy of the sedimentary rocks in the Daedong Group. As a result of paleomagnetic study, the study area can be divided tectonically into two blocks by Baegunsa fault, namely northwestern and southeastern blocks. Site mean declination and inclination of Baegunsa and Seoungjuri Formations in the northwestern block are $23.2^{\circ}$ and $54.9^{\circ}$, respectively. Those of Amisan, Jogyeri, Baegunsa and Seoungjuri Formations in the southeastern block show normal direction with declination and inclination of $-22.1^{\circ}$ and $11.2^{\circ}$, and reversed direction with those of $158.5^{\circ}$ and $-12.6^{\circ}$, respectively. Average paleomagnetic pole position in the northwestern block is located at $212.9^{\circ}E$ and $71.1^{\circ}N$, and that in the southeastern block at $345.7^{\circ}E$ and $53.3^{\circ}N$. This difference suggests relative rotation of about $45^{\circ}$ between two blocks. The paleolatitude of Daedong Group at the time of sedimentation is $5.6^{\circ}N$ much lower than present latitude of $37.7^{\circ}N$. Compared with worldwide Mesozoic paleomagnetic polarity stratigraphy, Amisan Formation is correlated with the lower boundary of Nuanetsi reversal zone in Graham interval, and Baegunsa and Seoungjuri Formations are correlated with just upper part of the upper boundary of Nuanetsi reversal zone, and their geologic ages are Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. The position of paleomagnetic pole acquired from Daedong Group in the study area is different from those in other places. This may be attributed to the different tectonic movement by Daebo Orogeny occurred after the deposition of Daedong Group.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2014

The remarkable growth of China's economy over the past several decades has obtained tremendous achievements. The construction industry play a leading role un this rapid economic expansion. And China's huge construction market gives it great economic influence around the world, it has attracting many enterprises to entry, although many enter barriers and market risks exist. However many construction enterprises have not doing well, especially foreign construction enterprises are not doing as well as we thought in the Chinese construction market. Although China's construction market has great development and become increasingly open, foreign investors and contractors now have much broader access to the Chinese construction market than before. But nonetheless, there are a wide range of practical problems that bring potential risks for them to invest in China. This paper aims to identify foreign construction enterprises' position by understanding the local market environment, and adopt he SWOT analysts Identifies the foreign construction enterprises' strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the Chinese construction market, to Proposes appropriate Strengths-Opportunities (SO), Weaknesses-Opportunities (WO), Strengths-Threats (ST) and Weaknesses-Threats (WT) strategies to make the foreign construction enterprises movling forward.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.317-342
• /
• 2017

The US dollar has kept as a position of key currency in the global economy in the changing international monetary system where the euro was introduced to some states of the EU in 1999. It is an evidence of inertia of the US dollar as a key currency. Our previous study (Ogawa and Muto, 2017b) conducted empirical analysis to investigate effects of several events on inertia of the US dollar. One of our findings was that the introduction of the euro increased utility of euro while utility of US dollar was kept unchanged. This paper examines the effects of the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis as well as the introduction of the euro on the utility of the Japanese yen. The introduction of the euro significantly decreased the utility of the Japanese yen. It indicates that the introduction of the euro increased the utility of the euro while reducing the utility of the Japanese yen rather than the utility of the US dollar. The utility of the Japanese yen has significantly decreased while the global financial crisis and the euro zone crisis occurred. The Japanese yen has a declining trend in terms of its utility over time in the changing international monetary system.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1998

Paleomagnetic data have been obtained from the Lower Triassic Tonggo Formation which is exposed in Tanyang area comprising the Pyeongan Supergroup in eastern Korea. Mean characteristic direction of the Tonggo Formation is declination/inclination=$121.4^{\circ}/-26.4^{\circ}$ (k=52.7, ${\alpha}_{95}=7.2^{\circ}$, N=9 Sites) and paleopole at longitude/latitude=$30.7^{\circ}E/33.3^{\circ}N$ ($dp/dm=4.2^{\circ}/7.8^{\circ}$). The mean direction passes reversal test and fold test at 99% confidence level. Therefore, it is inferred to be a pre-folding component. The paleopole position of this study is close to the Triassic pole positions of the North China Block; it is far from those of the South China Block. Therefore, a first order correlation between the Korean Peninsula and North China at least since Lower Triassic times is identified in this study.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
• /
• pp.198-200
• /
• 2006

This paper presents a development of an educational simulator of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and application for solving the test functions and economic dispatch (ED) problems with nonsmooth cost functions. A particle swarm optimization is one of the most powerful methods for solving global optimization problems. It is a population-based search algorithm and searches in parallel using a group of particles similar to other AI-based heuristic optimization techniques. In developed simulator, lecturers and students can select the functions for simulation and set the parameters that have an influence on PSO performance. To improve searching capability for ED problems, a crossover operation is proposed to the position update of each individual (CR-PSO). To verify the feasibility of CR-PSO method, numerical studies have been performed for two different sample systems. The proposed CR-PSO method outperforms other algorithms in solving ED problems.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 1987

The Daejang mine is one of the representatives of Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag) vein deposit related genetically to late Cretaceous granitoid in Korea. Sericite from an alteration halo of the mine yielded a K-Ar date of $95{\pm}3.5Ma$. Based on macrostructures of vein filling, three major mineralization stages (I, II and III) are distinguished by tectonic breaks. Major ore constituents are arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, boulangerite, with small amounts of Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, pyrargyrite, native bismuth, marcasite, siderite, ankerite, gudmundite and calcite. Characteristic feature of each mineralization stage and compositional variation of sphalerite and arsenopyrite are discussed in relation to the genetic environments. The FeS contents of sphalerites are 20.5~14.9 mole % in stage I, 17.9~11.9 mole % in stage IIA, 17.0~9.2 mole % in stage IIB, and 6.9~4.7 mole % in stage III. Their results are indicative of decreasing FeS contents during mineralization process in sphalerite coexisting with sulfur-rich sulfide assemblages, such as monoclinic pyrrhotite and pyrite, and is agreement with the conclusions shown by Scott and Kissin(1973). The composition of arsenopyrite decrease also in As content from stage I to stage III, and the compositional variation correlate with position of the associated minerals in the paragenesis. Temperature and pressure of the mineralization are determined as $250{\sim}430^{\circ}C$ and 4.0~0.3kb respectively, based on the chemistry of the minerals.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 1984

쌍극자 배치 사용시 지하천부에 존재하는 공동으로 인한 외견 비저항을 해석하였다. 쌍극자 배치를 사용한 비저항법을 이용하여 지하공동의 위치나 모양을 밝히는 데는 전도성 물체뿐만이 아니라 저항성 물체에 대한 외견 비저항 반응을 알아야 한다. 이들 물체에 대한 외견 비저항은 적분방정식을 이용한 수치계산 방법으로 구하였다. 외견 비저항의 크기와 패턴은 물체와 주위 비저항의 비율에 따라서 크게 달라진다. 전도성 물체의 경우 최대이상은 물체의 바깥쪽에 나타나지만, 저항성 물체의 경우 최대이상의 출현위치는 물체의 위치와 일치한다. 후자의 예로서 1978년 일본 오끼나와에서 실시한 야외조사에서 최대이상이 공동의 위치에 나타나는 것이 확인되었다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of was paper is to do a conceptual analysis of the determination of local superior commodities using the location quotient technique and an analysis of the contribution of superior products to the regional economy. The results of determining superior commodities are used to determine regional product specialization and its contribution to the regional economy. Local superior commodities are dynamic and selected based on the potential to increase regional income. Research design, data, and methodology - This study used location quotient techniques and regional economic analysis with annual data rocks, production data in the agriculture, plantation, fishery and forestry sectors. Local superior commodities are calculated to contribute to regional economists. Result - The findings obtained showed the location quotient technique can determine local superior commodities and local superior commodities contributed positively to the regional economy. The test results were carried out in Jember Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Conclusion - The ass well main commodities of Jember Regency are tobacco. Tobacco commodities contribute positively to the regional economy, they were not significantly due to affected by the low of commodity prices in harvest. The low prices indicate the strength of the weak bargaining position of farmers towards the market.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.171-194
• /
• 2005

The essay attempts at a critical reading of Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) in terms of character and socio-cultural change. Juxtaposing the story of Michael Henchard's career with the social and economic changes in the agricultural town, it attempts to elaborate on the complex ways in which Hardy relates the old modes of life and thinking to the material culture. Though the novel is centered on the story of Henchard, the Henchard-Farfrae clash represents the conflict of "old" and "new" modes of socio-economic organization and consciousness. The story of the rustic man of character struggling with his contradictory traits of strong will-power and emotional collapse suggests that Hardy's literary representation of the rural community and the rustic protagonist is deeply rooted in historical reality. However, while there is the interlocking of the changes in personal fate and social change, the representation is a "reinvented" literary construction with complex mediation. Despite the narrator's emphasis on Henchard's immutability, peculiarity, and resilience, his character is, in a complex, mediated way, shaped by the material conditions of English rural community in the late 19th century. The mediating role of Elizabeth-Jane as a narrative resolution embodies Hardy's ambivalent historical position concerning the period undergoing change and conflict.