• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.86-92
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• 2000

This study was conducted to determine the optimal mixing ratio of the paper mill sludge(PMS) and pig manure(PM). Since the former contains lots of total carbon and low nitrogen, it was used as carbon source. Also, dried paper mill sludge(DPMS) was added to the mixture to control the water content. The treatments was composed of four as follows, PMS-100(PM 0%+PMS 80%+DPMS 20%), PMS-85(15+65+20), PMS-70(30+50+20), and PMS-55(45+35+20). The mixtures were composted under aerobic condition in $1.25m^3$ static piles. The piles were aerated for 15 minutes per day and turned over the mixture once a week at the early stage of composting. To estimate the maturity of composts, the changes of physico-chemical properties such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio and color were monitored every week. The 25-30 and 55-60% as optimal condition of C/N ratio and moisture content were respectively recommended for effective composting by the evaluation of the changes of phsico-chemical properties for materials taken from compost files during the composting period. When the 30 and 45% of PM were mixed with PMS, the maturity time at least demanded to the stable state were shortened and the qualify of the final product was improved in a view of nutritional components.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

In the present study, we investigated the effect of maturity and motility of spermatozoa on the formation of pronuc-leus and subsequent developmental capacity of the human embryo in vitro. The fertilization was performed by means of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in HEPES-buffered m-TCM-199 medium. In the first part of the experiment, motile or im-motile human spermatozoa ejaculated were injected into cumulus-enclosed human oocytes matured in vivo. Significantly (p<0.002) higher proportion of oocytes that was injected with motile spermatozoa formed 2 pronuclei than the oocytes injected with immotile spermatozoa (79.8% vs 51.7%). In the second part of the experiment, cumulus-enclosed human oocytes matured in vivo were injected with motile or immotile spermatozoa collected from testes. There was no difference between motile and immotile spermatozoa. In the third part of the experiment, using modified Tyrode's medium containing 10.0 mM lactate, 0.5 mM pyruvate, 0.2 mM taurine, 1.0 mM glutamine, 2.22 mM MEM amino acids, vitamin and 10% human follicular fluid, we found that the development of oocytes that formed 2 pronuclei were able to develop to 9-16 cells regardless of maturity and motility of spermatozoa.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 1982

The objective of this study was to test germinability of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties at low temperatures. Seeds of III sesame varieties representing different maturity groups and countries were tested at four different temperatures between $10^{\circ}C$ and $16^{\circ}C$. Average germination percentages of III varieties were 92%, 57% and 3.3% at $16^{\circ}C, 14{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$.respectively. The highest daily germination percentage was observed after 4 days of incubation at $16^{\circ}C$, while it was after 8 days at $14^{\circ}C$. A regression analysis indicated that $15^{\circ}C$ as the minimum temperature for satisfactory germination in field conditions. In general, Korean local collections had better germinability than introduced varieties from 6 countries at different latitudes. 'San dong', a Korean local cultivar. showed the highest germination percentage (24%) at $12^{\circ}C$ when the average germination percentage of all varieties was as low as $3.3^{\circ}C$. Early maturity varieties germinated better at $12^{\circ}C$ and $14^{\circ}C$ than medium or late maturity groups, but no difference was observed at $16^{\circ}C$. Although larger seeds showed better germinability within a variety, there seems to be no relationship between seed size and germinability in sesame.in sesame.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.434-438
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• 2001

Two late-maturing perilla cultivars for vegetables, ‘Ipdlkkae 1’ and ‘Manbaekdlkkae’, were planted on 15 May, 30 May, 15 June, 30 June, and 15 July in 2000 to determine the optimum planting date for seed production in Jeju Island. Significant interaction between cultivar and planting date was observed for number of days from planting to maturity. There were significant differences between two cultivars for days to flowering. Ipdlkkae 1 flowered two days earlier but matured one day later than Manbaekdlkkae. As planting was delayed from 15 May to 15 July, when averaged across two cultivars, days to flowering and maturity decreased from 137 to 77 days and 179 to 121 days, respectively. As planting was delayed, stem length, number of branches per plant and number of node on the main stem decreased from 150 to 81 cm, 17.0 to 7.3, and 16.9 to 10.3, respectively. Number of clusters per plant decreased 65.6 to 50.7 with delayed planting but number of capsules per cluster was not significantly affected by planting date. With delayed planting, 1,000-grain weight increased 3.2 to 3.9 g, but grain yield decreased from 1,820 to 1,338 kg/㏊. However, there was no significant difference for grain yield between 15 and 30 May plantings. The results of this study suggest that the optimum planting date for seed production of late maturing vegetable perilla may be from early May to late May in Jeju Island.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-179
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• 2011

A new soybean cultivar 'Daewang' was released by Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon Province in 2008. The Goals of breeding the variety was for large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance and resistance to diseases such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and bacterial pustule. 'Daewang' was derived from the cross of GWS91, which has yellow seed coat, large seed size and late maturity, and 'Seokryang-putkong', which has large seed size and early maturity. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection were carried out from 2002 to 2007. It has a determinate growth habit with purple flower, yellow seed coat, yellow hilum and large seed weight (33.6 g per 100 seeds). The maturity date of 'Daewang' is 16 days later than the 'Taekwang'. It has a high content of total isoflavone ($1,851{\mu}g/g$). The average yield of 'Daewang' was 2.68 MT/ha in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out in four locations in Gangwon province from 2004 to 2007 which was 4 percent higher than the check cultivar 'Taekwang'.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 1995

This study was carried out to clarify the changes in dry matter weight and physicochemical property of job's tears grain during ripening period. Four varieties of job's tears were seeded at April 20, May 10, and May 30, andgrains were harvested at every 7 days from heading to maturity, The whole seed weight of thick hull varieties, Kimje and Aewon, was higher than that of improved thin hull varieties, Suwon 3 and Suwon 6, from heading to maturity, However, the dehulled grain weight of thin hull variety were higher than that of thick hullvariety from 35 days after heading. The first heading spikelet showed lower 100-grain weight com-pared with the spikelets headed at full blooming stage among the same plant. The increased rate of de hulled grain weight during maturing period was higher in thin hull variety than thick hull one, later seeding date than early seeding, and intermediate headed spikelet than early head-ed one, respectively. As maturing proceeds the protein content of de hulled grain was decreased, alkali digestibility value(ADV) showed a rising trend, and little change was found in gel consistency of milled grain flour. And same trends were found in protein content, ADV and gel consistency as the seeding date was delayed. Among amylogram properties of job's tears flour the maximum, minimum, and final viscosity as well as breakdown were decreased, and set back was increased in later seeding plots

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.122-125
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• 2005

‘Johyun’ was a new adlay variety which was developed from three way crosses of (Suwon-6xOkayama)x UCN300-25 at the Northern Agricultural Research Station, Gyeonggi Province ARES. This variety had purple sheath and green leaf blade in primitive growth stage and green leaf and culm in heading stage. Colors of pistil and seed coat were milky-white and dark-brown, respectively. Plant height of Johyun was 179 cm and shortened 22 cm less than Yulmoo-1 which was tested by check variety. Johyun shortened 8 days of heading date and 15 days of ripening date compared with Yulmoo-1. Yield of Johyun was 320 kg/10a of hulled grains in three regional yield trials and 18% higher than Yulmoo-1. This variety was adaptable to single cropping in central and northern region of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Jiaolai Basin is the Cretaceous continental sedimentary basin developed in Shandong Province of China. It is interpreted as a pull-apart basin which is filled with fluvio-lacustrine sediments and volcanic rocks. The sedimentary strata are divided into three formations: Laiyang Formation, Qingshan Formation and Wangshi Formation in ascending order. Laiyang Formation of the early Cretaceous consists of conglomerate, sandstone and shale, which are grey, black or red in color, respectively. Qingshan Formation of early Cretaceous includes various kinds of volcanic rocks. Late Cretaceous Wangshi Formation consists of red conglomerate, sandstone and shale. Various types of oil shows are observed on many outcrops in the basin such as asphalt filing fissures, oil smelling, rocks wetted with oil. However, commercial oil discovery was not made. Laiyang Formation is the richest in terms of organic matter contents. Some grey or black shales of Laiyang Formation contain more than 1% of organic matter. Kerogens of some layers mainly consist of amorphous organic matter or pollen. Thermal maturity of the organic matter reached main oil generation zone and hydrocarbon genetic potential is fairly good. According to such geochemical data, some layers of Laiyang Formation can act as hydrocarbon source rocks.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

This study was conducted to survey the utilization possibility of composting system of small scale static pile with animal manure produced from cattle shed and the effect of addition of microorganism on the maturity of compost. Microorganisms added in composting substrate were bacteria+lactobacillus(BL)+photo.(BLP). The composting practiced was a windrow system without aeration equipment and turning was practiced periodically. The water content of substrate mixed with cow manure, rice husk, and sawdust was about 60%. The temperature during the composting process was increased at over $60^{\circ}C$ within 3 days after composting starting. Increase of temperature at the early stage of composting was fasten in BLP and BL than Control. Because the pH of the raw material was high, the changes of pH during composting was little and stabilized in weak alkaline condition. EC value was high for accumulation of manure and urine excreted continuously by animal and the changes of those during composting occurred in 5~10% increase. Reduction rates of C/N ratio were the largest as the 22.7% in BLP and 19.2and 17.5% in BL and Control respectively. In the evaluation of phytotoxicity, there was stabilized within the short time in BLP and not the difference between BL and Control. Treatment of animal manure produced from small scale cattle shed was possible by using the small scale static pile composting system with reasonable water content and turning and the addition of microorganism in composting substrate was effected on the temperature increase at the early stage of composting and reduction of plant toxicity compounds but little on the maturity of compost.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.332-335
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• 2008

"Hwangkeumbora" is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a three way cross of Jinbubyeo, Odaebyeo, Fukei126 at Honam Agricultural Reaserch Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has about 110 days growth duration from transplanting to harvesting under Korean climate condition. The milled kernel of "Hwangkeumbora" is translucent with non- glutinous endosperm. Amylose content of "Hwangkeumbora" is about 19.3%. "Hwangkeumbora" has better palatability of cooked rice compared with "Odaebyeo" and shows high resistant reaction to the blast, but susceptible to major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice yield of "Hwangkeumbora" is about 5.37 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. "Hwangkeumbora" would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting in northern plain, mid-mountainous, southern mountainous of Korea.