• 제목/요약/키워드: Early Modern Korea

검색결과 376건 처리시간 0.026초

민족 정체성의 건축적 구현: 1900년 전후의 핀란드 민족낭만주의 건축에 관한 고찰 (Architectural Embodiment of National Identity: Finnish National Romanticism around 1900)

  • 김현섭
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.59-72
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    • 2005
  • Architectural embodiment of a national identity has long been a significant topic in Korean architectural circles. For this reason, it must be helpful to examine the so-called, 'National Romanticism' of Finnish architecture around 1900 in that Finnish architects of the time struggled to embody their national identity through their projects. Considering the historical and linguistic affinities between Finland and Korea, the Finnish architectural situation draws . our additional attention. This paper aims at showing its historical background, the meaning of each type of buildings in the stream, and limitations it implies. The atmosphere of Finnish nationalist movement, which was provoked by [Kalevala] publications (1835; 1845) and shown in Karelianism, was heightened by Tsarist Empire's Russification programme of Finland in the late 19th century Architecture was one of the most important genres expressing her national identity. Finnish national romantic architecture could be divided into three. The first is a log house style for artists' studio house, motivated by the Finnish vernacular farmstead - especially by Karelian farmhouse. This type of building signifies the Finns' will to return to their motherly soil. The second is a stone architecture style for public buildings, inspired by Finnish church or castle of an early medieval time. By using roughly-cut granite as the main exterior material, buildings of this type symbolise the toughness of legendary heroes and Finns' desire for national Independence. The third type of building was based on both of the former or more dependent on architects' Imagination and creativity. However, Finnish national romantic architecture has been criticised by some critics owing to its decorative, eclectic and self-indulgent characteristics. Probably, it was not really national but rather inter-national because of the Influences of English Arts and Crafts Movement, the American Richardsonian architecture and the continental Art Nouveau. And the negative images of 'national' and 'romantic' made some historians coin other terms like 'national realism' or 'material realism'. As another limitation, one raises the low degree of its contribution to the entire architectural history. Despite these criticisms, however, this paper argues that Finnish national romantic architecture is meaningful in itself, particularly because it illustrates vividly Finns' struggle to search for their national identity and, after all, their craving for national independence.

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중력파와 천문학 (GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND ASTRONOMY)

  • 이형목;이창환;강궁원;오정근;김정리;오상훈
    • 천문학논총
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.71-87
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    • 2011
  • Gravitational waves are predicted by the Einstein's theory of General Relativity. The direct detection of gravitational waves is one of the most challenging tasks in modern science and engineering due to the 'weak' nature of gravity. Recent development of the laser interferometer technology, however, makes it possible to build a detector on Earth that is sensitive up to 100-1000 Mpc for strong sources. It implies an expected detection rate of neutron star mergers, which are one of the most important targets for ground-based detectors, ranges between a few to a few hundred per year. Therefore, we expect that the gravitational-wave observation will be routine within several years. Strongest gravitational-wave sources include tight binaries composed of compact objects, supernova explosions, gamma-ray bursts, mergers of supermassive black holes, etc. Together with the electromagnetic waves, the gravitational wave observation will allow us to explore the most exotic nature of astrophysical objects as well as the very early evolution of the universe. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the theory of gravitational waves, principles of detections, gravitational-wave detectors, astrophysical sources of gravitational waves, and future prospects.

일제강점기 언해한의서 『단방비요경험신편』 연구 (A Study on the Korean Vernacular Script Medical Classic Danbang-Biyo-Gyeongheom-Shinpyeon Written during the Period of the Japanese Occupation)

  • 구현희
    • 한국의사학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.89-101
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    • 2016
  • Hae-Yong Shin was a renowned merchant during the transitional period from Korean Imperialism to Japanese Occupation, and devoted his life during the period of Japanese Occupation as a proponent of patriotic enlightenment movement and translator. He also authored many medical and scientific works; in particular, he integrated the modern Western medicine into the Korean herbal medicine in his writings. His early works include New Edition of Natural History (1907), Physiology published in six series in the YaRoe, a magazine for the patriotic enlightenment movement, and the New Edition of Zoology (1908). These writings are assumed to have deepened Shin's knowledge of and insights into human and animal physiologies and anatomies. In the Danbang-Biyo-Gyeongheom-Shinpyeon (1913), he sought to incorporate the aspects of the Western medicine while mainly adopting the approach of the Korean herbal medicine. While keeping the contents and formations of Donguibogam, he recorded many empirical prescriptions and deleted theories incomprehensible for the general population, shamanic prescriptions, and poisonous and deadly ingredients. Its most salient features are the use of the Korean vernacular script for explications and simple ingredients for prescriptions. As medicinal materials, he presented commonly found low-cost native ingredients easily obtainable and affordable for. In the disciplines of childbirth, childbearing, and first aid, he adopted Western medical treatments. Danbangshinpyeon is particularly significant in that it contributed to public health by spreading practical basic medical knowledge in the vernacular script easily applicable at home in difficult situations for obtaining medical services under the Japanese colonial rule.

Structural Change as a Source of Growth: An Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries

  • Han, Hongyul
    • 분석과 대안
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.195-222
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    • 2022
  • From the economic development perspective, economic growth should accompany structural improvement in order to meet complex demands from a society. In the context of development economics, economic growth is critically dependent on successful structural advancement. The issue of structural change is also important for advanced economies as the landscape of modern industry is changing fast. Many advanced countries of slow growth are experiencing dawdling changes in industry structure. However, there is no definitive answer to the question of whether there is a causal relationship between structural change and growth. This study empirically assesses the relationship between structural change or 'speed' thereof and economic growth in developed countries of OECD. Rather than looking into the causes of structural changes, this study simply measures structural changes in OECD economies and examines if structural change is really contributing to growth. The reason why this study focuses on advanced countries of OECD is rather obvious; technological innovation and emergence of new industries pressure these countries to restructure their economies to address these new challenges though they are at stages well beyond conventional industrialization. And structural rigidity can always limit growth even in advanced countries. The main results of this study can be summarized as a positive relationship between 'change and growth'. 'Change' in this study refers to changes in the industrial structure based on value-added and was analyzed to have a close positive relationship with economic growth. This result is consistent with arguments of early development economists emphasizing structural upgrade as an indispensable process for growth and development. The result of this study potentially confirms that the main argument of development economics is valid also for advanced economies. One of our results suggests that business/professional services and social services should be main targets for restructuring for advanced economies. The rational may be that rapid convergence of manufacturing and services is a key for structural advancement in the era of new technologies. Obviously, as manufacturing technology and production are standardized, it is difficult to secure international competitiveness through traditional manufacturing alone and the role of R&D, design, logistics, and marketing is becoming more important.

스마트 헬스케어: 미래 병원을 위한 AI, 블록체인, VR/AR 및 디지털 솔루션 구현 (Smart Healthcare: Enabling AI, Blockchain, VR/AR and Digital Solutions for Future Hospitals)

  • ;;;김희철
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.406-409
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    • 2022
  • 최근 몇 년 동안, AI 시스템, 블록체인, VR/AR, 3D 프린팅, 로봇 공학, 나노 기술과 같은 기술의 발전은 바로 우리 눈앞에서 건강 관리의 미래를 재편하고 있습니다. 또한, 의료는 소비자의 요구에 초점을 맞춘 예방 중심의 의학으로 패러다임이 전환되었습니다. Covid-19와 같은 전염병의 확산으로 의료 및 치료 시설의 정의가 변경되어 병원의 물리적 환경을 재설계하고 사회적 거리 두기 요구사항을 해결하도록 통신 모델을 조정하고 가상 의료 솔루션을 구현하고 새로운 임상 프로토콜을 수립하기 위한 즉각적인 조치가 필요하게 되었습니다. 전통적으로 의료 시스템의 허브 역할을 해 온 병원은 이러한 환경에 맞서 스스로를 재정립하는 것을 추구하거나 강요당하고 있습니다. 미래의 건강관리는 질병을 치료하는 것뿐만 아니라 건강과 예방에 초점을 맞출 것으로 예상됩니다. 개인화된 진료에서는 장기적인 예방 전략, 원격 모니터링, 조기 진단 및 탐지가 매우 중요합니다. 이러한 현대 기술로 정의되는 스마트 헬스케어에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라, 본 연구는 스마트 헬스케어의 정의와 서비스 종류를 조사했습니다. 스마트 병원의 배경과 기술적 측면도 문헌 검토를 통해 탐구했습니다.

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아동문학에 나타난 가족, 그리고 해체 (The Family in Children's Literature and Its Disintegration)

  • 원유경
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제58권1호
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    • pp.117-142
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    • 2012
  • The education of children is one of the most important parts in children's literature. Children's literature, whose implied readers are both children and parents, is a good means to teach how they should behave and interact. Therefore, literary conventions of children's literature tend to be conservative with happy endings or fairy tale elements. Most of the children's literature of the 18th century were read as a conduct book which teaches children good manners and proper behavior, and at the same time served as a guidebook which tells parents how to discipline children. It emphasized the need of discipline to ascertain the hierarchy and order of the family, and cherished the close relationship between parents and children. In the 19th century, the ideal of family becomes more internalized. In the early 20th century, the ideology of family still remained, even though the world wars and economic depressions caused the cracks and collapses of the family. In the later 20th century, the disintegration of the traditional family was accelerated. The ideal of family based on the close relationship between parents and children, has had problems from the start. The attachment and over-closeness became stressful and sometimes could be poisonous. Recent children's literature shows the process of disintegration of the traditional nuclear family, children suffering in the fractured family, children's mental trauma, and nostalgia for the lost family. However, modern children's literature manages to find the lost or ideal surrogate family, and often shows fairy-tale elements such as mystical and heroic child protagonists or helpers who might solve all the difficult problems at once, despite the collapse of the family in reality.

도진우(都鎭羽)의 『동서의학요의(東西醫學要義)』에 대한 연구 (A Study of Do Jinwoo's Dongseo uihak youi (東西醫學要義))

  • 김현구;안상우;김남일
    • 한국의사학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.99-112
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    • 2023
  • This paper analyzes the historical context, the author, and the organization of contents of Dongseo uihak youi (Essentials of Eastern and Western Medicines), which was written by Do Jinwoo. In the colonial situation of the early twentieth century, the tradition of Korean medicine faced crises and challenges in many ways. Members of the Korean medicine community were simultaneously faced with continuing the tradition of Korean medicine and becoming healthcare providers with a specific role within the healthcare system of the time. Dongseo uihak youi is the result of the collective and official efforts of the Association of Korean Medicine of the time to maintain its tradition where only Western medicine was officially allowed to be taught and tested after the promulgation of the Rules of the Medical Student (ŭisaeng). Dongseo uihak youi was the first Korean medicine book to precisely describe and compare the names of diseases in Eastern and Western medicines. Dongseo uihak youi contained not only medical theories and prescriptions but also laws and forms, in that the purpose of the book was not simply to cultivate clinical skills but also to demarcate the boundary of medical knowledge and activities required of a practitioner of Korean medicine in the modern colonial health care system of the time.

『동서의학요의(東西醫學要義)』 간행으로 본 1920년대 한의학 정체성 변화에 관한 고찰 (A Study on the Identity Formation of Korean Medicine in the 1920s: Focusing on the publication of Dongseo uihak youi)

  • 김현구;안상우;김남일
    • 한국의사학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2023
  • This paper describes the transformation of the knowledge system of Korean medicine in the early 20th-century colonial context of the 1920s in terms of 'identity formation'. At the time, newly introduced Western medicine was the dominant form of medical knowledge due to strong support from the colonial government but had did not enjoy popular support from the general public especially when compared to Korean medicine. Furthermore, the Japanese colonial government needed to utilize Korean medicine practitioners' labor due to a serious shortage of Western medicine doctors. In this context, Dongseo uihak youi (Essentials of Eastern and Western Medicines) provides an overview of the role of Korean medicine practitioners in the colonial healthcare system of the time. The book contains a figure of a 'modern' Korean medicine practitioner working within a healthcare system influenced by colonial modernity. The association of Korean medicine doctors at that time not only published Dongseo uihak youi but also attempted to establish a school specializing in both Eastern and Western medicines or integrated Korean medicine, which would produce "the Chosŏn doctors" (Chosŏn ŭisa) on a par with doctors trained in Western medicine. Although their attempts did not materialized, they provide a clue as to how and in what direction Korean medicine pursued its identity in the 1920s.

("황제내경소문(黃帝內經素問)" 중(中) 사혈(瀉血)에 관한 연구(硏究) (A Study on the Blood-Letting Therapy in Elementary Questions)

  • 이준근
    • 대한한의정보학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.19-42
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    • 2008
  • Blood-Letting Therapy is a rational and ecological medical treatment by which we can heal most of the diseases by removing the static blood which precipitates in the blood vessel and blocks the flowing of blood. And the static blood is the generic term for the injurious, bad, dead and precipitated blood which is blocked the capillary vessel. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine says that "the patient is treated with drugs internally and stone acupuncture externally. "In the old texts, the blood-letting therapy is mentioned as blood-letting, network vessel pricking, bloodletting, pricking, and arousing pulses etc and it is noted down as the method of network vessel pricking in 'On the Application of Needles' of Spiritual Pivot. Nine-pricking therapy, twelve-pricking therapy and five-pricking therapy are recorded in the methods of network vessel pricking and among them, the method of squeezing blood after pricking the affected part is explained as the network vessel pricking. There are four methods of network vessel pricking, pricking, picking, cluster needling and scatter-pricking and they are fluidly applied to the various symptoms of diseases. In 'On Discriminative Treating for Patients of Different Regions' in Elementary Questions, Ki-baek emphasizes "most of the local people, there are black in skin and loose in striate, and their diseases are mostly of carbuncle kind. It is suitable to treat the disease with stone therapy to prick with stone, so the stone therapy is transmitted from the east. "And in 'On the Corresponding Relation Between the Eum and Yang of Man and All Things' in Elementary Questions, when the Emperor asked Ki-Back, he answered "sthenia means the sthenia of evil, and deficiency means the deficiency of healthy energy. When the blood is sthenic, the evil should be discharged by pricking when out letting the blood; deficiency of vital energy is the asthenia of channels and network vessels, so the energy should drain from the channel which is not deficient, to replenish. "And in this case we can use the methods of 'Breaking out the static bloods', 'driving out the static bloods', blood-letting'. With this we can infer that the blood-letting therapy is made use of the important medical treatments from the ancient times. Especially in referring to the principles of treatment in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, it mostly alluded to acupuncture therapies and only eleven times to medicinal treatments. This is to verify that the blood-letting therapy formed the foundation of the medical art. In Dong's Therapy of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Bloodletting, Dong Kyeong-Chang gave emphasis on the points that there must be extravasated bloods without exception in the serious illnesses which is old, unnatural, accompanying acute pains and so we can revive our body‘s sprit by circulating 'gi' and static blood piled up in the network vessel, regulating the weakness and strength, and controling the disharmony of the internal organs. The blood-letting therapy has effect on the orifice in emergency, such as fore draining, freeing network vessels, harmonizing gi and blood, relieving pain, dispersing swelling and concretion, sedation, resolving toxin as well as strengthening the heart, relieving itching. So it has distinguished effect on all kinds of medical treatment to the modern people. But by the change of social customs and the confucianism of confucius - it is widely spread on the period of North and South Dynasties, 'Wi' and 'Jin' in china and the period of the Three States in korea - The blood-letting therapy which was regarded as the most important medicinal treatment withered rapidly. And Confucius accentuated the importance of our body and all its members, loyalty and filial piety and banned any damage of our body under no circumstances. As a result of it, the therapy of blood-letting had a rapid decrease and barely kept itself in existence in both countries. What is worse, at the period of Japanese colonial rule of korea and our nation's founding of early stage, it has been withered by the high-handed policy to change Oriental Medicine into modern medical science. So the therapy of blood-letting barely kept itself in existence in some Buddhist temples. Another case, it has handed down as a old-fashioned quick fix in folk remedies. But all kinds of the contamination of heavy metals and the misuses of antibiotics are widely spread nowadays, which increased diseases of adult people and incurable diseases as modern society unavoidably made its way into a highly industrial society. To make us more miserable, the western medical science - the antibiotics and surgical operation medical science - already reveals itself into a limit. The necessity of a new medical science which can give a security to the patients who are suffering from the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases is especially come into the force nowadays. In view of the results after bibliographically studying on the blood-letting Therapy in Elementary Questions of the Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine, the blood-letting therapy has acted for the important Oriental medicinal science and has been clarified the prominent effects on the diseases of adult people and the incurable diseases. So it is regarded as an appropriate thing that we lay out a determined theory of the blood-letting therapy and of course prevent the unwanted side effects from inappropriate medicinal treatments, and make full use of clinic by elevating the curative value and that we win back our self-respect of medical treatment which is dominated from the western medical science and ultimately contribute to national medical welfare.

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동아시아의 인구사상: 홍량길과 맬서스의 비교 (Population Thoughts in East Asia: A Comparison of Hung Liang-Chi and Malthus)

  • 박상태
    • 한국인구학
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.171-201
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    • 2004
  • 오늘날 전 세계 학문에 절대적인 영향을 미치고 있는 서구 학문의 기초는 그리스와 로마 문명임은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 그 결과 이집트와 페르시아를 포함하는 아랍세계의 훌륭한 업적과, 인도대륙의 심오한 사상, 그리고 중국을 포함하는 동아시아의 탁월한 업적이 등한시되거나 도외시되어 왔다. 인구에 관한 사상과 이론도 예외는 아니다. 본 연구는 우리가 간과(看過)한 과거 인구사상 중 동아시아 부분을 중국학자들을 중심으로 고대, 중세, 근세 등 시기로 나누어 유럽학자들과의 비교를 통해 재조명해 보았다. 중국을 위시한 동아시아에서는 고대로부터 과잉 및 과소 인구에 대한 우려가 자주 거론되었다. 춘추시대 인구에 대한 주요 관심은 인구와 자원과의 균형관계였으며 인구가 국부의 원천임은 대체로 인정하고 있었으나 과소인구에 대한 대책뿐만 아니라 과잉인구에 대한 단점도 심각하게 거론되고 있어 적정인구와 근대 맬서스주의의 기초는 이미 고대 춘추전국시대에 마련됐다고 볼 수 있다. 서양고대 그리스와 로마시기의 인구 사상의 발전은 플라톤과 아리스토텔레스의 적정인구론과 로마시기 팽창주의적 인구증가 장려책으로 대표된다. 천년이란 장기간의 중세 시기 유럽의 발전은 정체되어있었으며, 동아시아의 발전 역시 부진했으나 아랍세계의 발전은 주목할만한 것으로 알려져 있다. 근세에 들어와 유럽 특히 서구에서는 눈부신 학문적 발전을 이룩한데 비해 동아시아의 발전은 매우 저조한 것이었다. 그러나 맬서스가 그의 인구이론을 발표하기 수년전 중국의 홍량길은 불완전하나마 인구의 기하급수적 증가율의 문제를 논하고 인구증가에 대한 규제로서 맬서스의 적극적 규제 및 궁극적 규제에 해당하는 천지조제법과, 소극적 규제 및 즉각적 규제에 해당되는 군상조제법을 들고 있다. 특히 그가 상대적 과잉인구에 대해 논의를 전개하고 있음이 주목된다. 마지막으로 고대 탁월한 동아시아의 학자들과 근세 맬서스 직전 홍량길과 같은 학자도 있었으나 동아시아에서의 학문발전은 근세 이후 서양에 비해 비교될 수 없을 정도로 부진하게 된 이유를 학문내적 요인과 학문외적 요인으로 나누어 검토했다.