• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 1998

This paper investigates how the factor inputs of firms are affected by the expectation about land-price increase in the future. We develope a two-factor (land and labor) model, in which expectation about land-price increase plays a key role in determining the "optimal" input level of labor and land. Expecting capital gains from input of the land when land price increases, firms input land up to the point where the marginal productivity of land falls short of the marginal cost of purchasing the land, in order to maximize the "joint-profit". That is, firms have an incentive to use more land than they do when capital gains are not expected. We mean joint-profit by profit in the standard sense plus capital gains. Once the land is input "excessively", the productivity of labor increase and labor is also input more, since land and labor are assumed as complementary in production. This mechanism works in the opposite direction when land price decrease. This paper suggests that land price fluctuation is a major destabilizer of an economy.or destabilizer of an economy.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.337-347
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• 1995

In the problem of some sequential estimation, the stopping times may be written in the form $N(c) = inf{n \geq n_0; n \geq c^2 S^2_n/\delta^2 (\bar{X}_n)}$ where ${s^2_n}$ and ${\bar{X}_n}$ are the sequences of sample variance and sample mean of the independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables with distribution $F_{\theta}(x), \theta \in \Theta$, respectively, and $\delta$ is either constant or any given positive real valued function. We obtain some asymptotic normality and asymptotic expectation of the N(c) in various limiting situations. Specially, uniform asymptotic normality and uniform asymptotic expectation of the N(c) are given.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.785-791
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to find out the level of patient expectation and satisfaction on their services. The questionaire reports of 781 patients, which were structured with the question about the level expectation and satisfaction of the services. Major findings of this study were as follows 1) The percentage of patients satisfied with the services as a whole is 59.1 %,where more patients are satisfied with the attitude of therapists (87.3 %), the therapeutic-skill of therapists(84.1 %) and the adequateness of treatment (63.9 %) than the expenses of services (42.0 %) and waiting time(47.4 %). 2) Fourty two percents of patients responded that they expected to be recovered completely.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.45-68
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• 2018

We uncover a nexus between actual inflation, inflation perceptions and expectations in Korea through analyzing micro as well as aggregate data from the Consumer Survey. We document two novel findings. First, households' subjective perceptions of inflation exert more impact on expectation formation than actual inflation. Second, inflation perceptions are broadly in line with the trajectory of the inflation trend. This is attributable to the fact that changes in actual inflation have been generated mainly by the consumption items whose price changes are perceived more sensitively as those items are frequently bought or have a larger share in household expenditures. Conducting a cross-country comparison, we find that information rigidity in expectation formation process and the nexus between perceptions and expectations of inflation prove to be stronger in Korea. Additionally, we reconfirm the existing finding that the scope of information utilized for forming inflation expectations is fairly circumscribed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.26
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• pp.205-230
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to research the recognition of hotel customers when the outside special restaurants opens at hotel instead of restaurant owned by hotel in Seoul City. The major factors are showed up factor analysis as specialty and reliability of hotel and outside restaurant image. They are consisted of 5 categorizes and the results of this study are as follows; First, it is proved that the expectation of customers after opening restaurant will be increased in terms of the lower price and more variety of food & beverage products. Also, the food & beverage will be increased. However, the quality and specialty of products will not be improved as much as customers expected. Considering that the results, hotel guests expect the effect of opening restaurant at hotel for variety products and service. So, Hotel management should understand the changing attitude of customer' needs and expectation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-75
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• 2009

This paper develops an integrative model for IT continuance in the internet shopping environments by integrating the expectation-confirmation and the switching cost factors. Using this model, in addition, this study investigates their differential effects on the mediating variables, such as user satisfaction, commitment, and trust which have been identified as antecedents of users' IT continuance intention. Results show that the product and service-related expectation confirmation factors and the relational switching cost factor can have greater impacts on users continuance intention than the web site design factors, and the financial and procedural switching cost factors. In particular, it is interesting to note that relational switching cost can lead users to more commitment, which is revealed as the strongest antecedent of their continuance intention to use a certain shopping site.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify the expectation of vocational abilities and the level of the existing abilities of the door-to-door saleswomen in the cosmetic industry, in order to provide baseline information that can be used to improve sales ability. The data were collected from 1,168 respondents to a questionnaire. Major findings were as follows: 1. The most commonly expected aptitude for the door-to-door salesperson was the ability 'to gain the confidence from customers'. The other important aptitudes were 'good attitudes', 'product information' and 'pleasant personality and patience'. 2. The overall level of the abilities according to their self-evaluation when compared with the level of expected abilities was 64.9 %. The item that received the lowest self-evaluation was 'ability in developing new market and audience'. 3. Vocational ability expectation was affected most strongly by education level. The variables that affected self-evaluation were career paths, education level, income, sales volume and position.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.113-122
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• 2004

This study examined. the acculturation type and adjustment of 914 Korean-Chinese adolescents living in Shenyang and Harbin, China. Adolescents completed a questionnaire consisted of items regarding acculturation, school adjustment, expectation of education, and internal locus of control: The results are summarized as follows: 1) Adolescents in Shenyang spoke more chinese and showed lower internal locus of control than adolescents in Harbin. 2) Adolescents in Shenyang showed more integration and assimilation types, while adoelscents in Harbin showed more separation type. 3) Adolescents in Shenyang showed difference in their adjustment across acculturation types, while adolescents in Harbin did not. In Shenyang, adolescents of integration and assimilation showed higher expectation of education, and adolescents of separation revealed higher internal locus of control.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1132-1139
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• 2019

Big data is prominently used as a prediction method in achieving a goal, because it can analyze the regularities to predict future results from a vast amount of past data. Furthermore, big data has huge influence in very diverse academic fields. On such awareness, this study analyzed the regular effect of e-Commerce usefulness from the effects which expectations on big-data service affect the usage purpose of e-Commerce usefulness. This study categorized e-Commerce usefulness into quality recognition, service, and ease, and studied how each category works between the relationship of big-data service expectation and the use intention.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.687-703
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• 2023

In this paper, under some suitable conditions, we study the Spitzer-type law of large numbers for the maximum of partial sums of independent and identically distributed random variables in upper expectation space. Some general results on necessary and sufficient conditions of the Spitzer-type law of large numbers for the maximum of partial sums of independent and identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectations are established, which extend the corresponding ones in classic probability space to the case of sub-linear expectation space.