• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.699-705
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• 1999

Given a probability space and a subsigma algebra A, each measure equivalent to the probability measure generates a different conditional expectation operator. We characterize those which act boundedly on the original $L^2$ space, and show there are sufficiently many such conditional expectations to generate the commutant of $L^{\infty}$ (A).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2020

This study examines the effects of children's play activities through forest experience on their parents' expectation and multiple intelligence improvement. To achieve this, an empirical survey was conducted by applying a structural equation model to 152 parents with children. As a result, first, physical and cognitive factors were adopted, and social factors were rejected in the factors that influence the physical, social, and cognitive factors of children's forest experience play activities on parents' expectation of children's safety activities and concern about fine dust. Second, their physical, social and cognitive factors affected their sociality among sub-factors of multiple intelligence improvement. Their social and cognitive spontaneities significantly affected their sensitivity and creativity improvements. Third, parents' expectation did not appear to play a significant mediating role in the effect of play activity through forest experience on multiple intelligence improvement. This study has confirmed that their physical and cognitive factors of play activities through forest experience are directly affected by their parents' concern about fine dust and expectation of their safe activities, and has suggested that their sociality can be thoroughly learned through various educational programs in daycare centers, which is somewhat far from their parents' expectation of their play activities through forest experience.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

A study herein is carried out for acceptance procedure of innovative products in the aspect which usage intention is formed by usefulness expectation and rejection factors for innovative products during acceptance procedure of users when information technology innovative products are launched in the market. Empirical study was carried out for non-smart phone users within mobile phone users. As a result of study, firstly, usefulness expectation of users for information technology innovative products is positively (+) affecting to usage intention, while usefulness expectation was shown to be negatively (-) affecting to rejection. Secondly, social factors were found which positively (+) affect to usefulness expectation for innovative products, and satisfaction for conventional products negatively (-) affects to usefulness expectation. Thirdly, there were satisfaction and consuming effort for conventional products from consumers for the factors which affects to innovative products rejection of consumers. Based on the result of study herein, there is a specific strategy needed for information technology innovative products although consumers have expectation usefulness for the products as well as rejection which brings out to remove the intention to use the products.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2000

This study was conducted to identify the effects of exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program that was based on Bandura's self efficacy model on self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study design was nonequivalent pre-test post-test control design. 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic were randomly sampled for this study. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen patients were assigned to the control group. To the experimental group, exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program that is composed of individualized exercise prescription for 12 weeks was provided. In case of the control group, they were instructed to continue their usual lives. Data collection period was from March 1998 to June 2000 Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINDOW 10.0 program. The results were as follows. In experimental group, The score of self efficacy has increased from 64.20 to 66.65 after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program and it was statistically significant(t=2.07, p=.04). The anaerobic threshold has increased from $18.20\;m{\ell}$/kg/min to $19.07\;m{\ell}$/kg/min and it was statistically significant(t=2.05, p=.04). Level of fasting blood sugar has decreased from $188.20\;mg/d{\ell}$ to $155.55\;mg/d{\ell}$ after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program and it was statistically significant.(t=-2.69, p=.01). For the lipid metabolism, percent body fat has decreased from 27.16% to 26.57% after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program. In conclusion, the exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program showed positive effect of self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and glucose and lipid metabolism.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.287-299
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical data to get the government to have positive recognition of education for middle-aged and aged people about provision for old age after retirement and present a model of policy direction of realistic elderly education for middle-aged and aged people and an ideal program for middle-aged and aged people in Korea. Such an empirical research obtained the following results. First, as for effects of recognition of the need of elderly education and the desire to participate in elderly education on provision for retirement, the need of elderly education and the desire to participate in elderly education were found to have effects. Second, as for effects of the level of retirement expectation on provision for retirement, new departure, career completion, and continuous expectation were found to have effects. Third, as for mediating effects of retirement expectation in terms of effects of recognition of the need of elderly education and the level of desire for participation, the need of elderly education has retirement expectation partly affect physical, psychological, and economic preparation. As for the desire to participate in elderly education, expectation of retirement had completely mediating effects on physical preparation and partly mediating effects on psychological and economic preparation. Fourth, the need of elderly education, the desire for participation, retirement expectation, and recognition of provision for retirement by general properties were found to have statistically significant results in terms of gender, age, occupation, and educational background.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.495-513
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• 2004

As this study is the descriptive research study that tries to present the basic data aiming to establish a role of nurses for the Community Welfare Center, by surveying the role expectation and the degree of role performance towards nurses for the Community Welfare Center that nurses for the Community Welfare Center and social workers recognize, it carried out the Questionnaire research targeting nurses who are working for the Community Welfare Center located in Seoul and social workers of institutions where nurses are working, and then analyzed the results, and the study results are as follows. Both the group of nurses and the group of social workers were highly recognizing the necessity and the importance of nurses for the Community Welfare Center, and expected that more effective services will be possible to be offered by means of that nurses do work for the Community Welfare Center. However, compared to the degree that social workers recognize a nurses specialty, the nurses thought that their specialty is not acknowledged in the Community Welfare Center, and even in case of duty friction between groups being felt while social workers and nurses are working together, nurses were experiencing further friction of duties. While nurses are well recognizing their roles, they are statistically and significantly recognizing the degree of role performance lower than expected, thus the difference between the role expectation and the role performance could be seen. Also, the group of nurses showed the higher role expectation towards nurses than the group of social workers, and in relation to roles of a counselor, referral resource, an advocator, an educator, a case manager, a and a coordinator, the degree of role expectation by the group of nurses is statistically and significantly higher than the group of social workers, thus it could be seen that there is difference in the expectation degree between both groups, as to a role of nurses for the Community Welfare Center. In particular, as to a role of universally medical services, the expectations between nurses and social workers showed mutual agreement, but in relation to a role of nurses for community in the more expanded sphere, social workers did not show a receptive attitude, thus it was indicating that there exists an element of role conflict. In relation to the role performance of nurses for the Community Welfare Center, nurses were feeling the disorder degree more than social workers, in all items of disorder factors, and there was difference in recognition between nurses and social workers, as to the priority of disorder factors. Because of, through this study, having been found the difference in recognition of role expectation, the degree of role performance, and a disorder factor between nurses and social workers, as to the nurses for the Community Welfare Center, it is required a study with a more diversified method on a role of nurses for the Community Welfare Center.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.189-203
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• 2021

Environmental changes, which are strongly requiring technological cooperation, such as technological development and strategic alliances according to industrial ecosystem change, have a significant impact on not only product quality but also services. Thus, there is a need for 'servitization' that can satisfy the needs of customers and the ecosystem of businesses through the convergence of manufacturing companies and services. This study uses the Expectation-Confirmation Model to examine the impact on user satisfaction and Continuance Usage Intention. Research(Study) was conducted on users who are using high-tech-based cars. For this, we used Expectation Confirmation(match expections for the user's pre-and post-use relationships), Perceived Ease, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction and Habitual Use and using Continuance Usage Intention as a dependent variable. Their causation was examined with the spss 26.0 and smartpls 2.0 statistical programs. As implications of this study, Expectation Confirmation has been shown to have significant positive effects on Perceived Ease, Perceived Usefulness, User Satisfaction and Habitual Use. For this results, the expectations before and after the use of high-tech cars lead to improved daily lives convenience and(or) work efficiency, leading to user satisfaction and further Continuance Usage Intention. Motors consider it important to pursue the work improvements that consumers want and use it useful in daily lives in the production and sale of high-tech cars. It is expected that it will create natural habits for services that users are satisfied with, and that these habits will affect the continuous growth and understanding of the trend of change.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.733-742
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• 2023

This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of outcome expectation in the relationship between strengths knowledge and career adaptability for nursing students. The participants of this study were 284 nursing students in three Universities in G City, J Province. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis. Also mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test.. Career adaptability is positively correlated with strengths knowledge(r=.61, p<.001), outcome expectation(r=.55, p<.001), and strengths knowledge is positively correlated with outcome expectation(r=.41, p<.001). The outcome expectation showed a partial mediating effect between the strengths knowledge and the career adaptability(Z=3.85, p<.001). The positive the strengths knowledge(𝛽=.44, p<.001), the higher the outcome expectation(𝛽=.33, p<.001), the higher the career adaptability level, and the explanatory power to explain career adaptability was 50%. Therefore, in order to improve the career adaptability of nursing students, it suggests that it is necessary not only to recognize strengths with positive thinking about individuals, but also to improve attitudes to form desirable outcome expectations at the same time.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.20-27
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to compare the key research-related constructs, research insterest, research self-efficacy, research productivity, and research outcome expectation of the graduate students, who are participating in Global Ph.D Fellowship (GPF) and Brain Korea (BK) 21 projects. The overall results show that the mean scores of GPF students in research interest, research self-efficacy, research productivity, and research outcome expectation are higher than those of BK21. However, the higher mean scores of doctoral students in both GPF and BK21 projects imply that the longer you stay in graduate program, the better researcher you can be. Although GPF program selected higher potential students and they seem to work very hard with high expectation to be competent researchers, compatible outcome also could be possible by BK21 project.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.17
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• pp.45-65
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a fundamental prevention of tax avoidance behaviors by individual businesses. For the purpose, this researcher surveyed factors surveyed individual business managers' disposition(type) of tax avoidance to determine factors influencing the avoidance, and proposed direction for further studies. Several hypotheses suggested here were verified to find that factors such as tax system, tax psychology, tax knowledge, social culture and the expectation of tax avoidance had effects on individual businesses' disposition of such avoidance. The multiple regression analysis made here showed that such factors as tax psychology, tax system and the expectation of tax avoidance affected the disposition of such avoidance and that the disposition was most influenced by tax system, followed by the expectation of tax avoidance and tax psychology in order. In conclusion, factors that have positive relations with tax avoidance, or tax burden and tax administration and those that have negative relations, or tax ethics and sanction are not helpful to preventing the avoidance. This is not consistent with previous results. Now behaviors of tax avoidance by individual businesses are prevailing and becoming more serious. In this sense, objective measurement devices should be developed to make possible further scientific studies about such behaviors. For the development, support by appropriate policies is needed.