• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.391-407
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• 2012

The loss of connectivity and fragmentation of forest landscapes are seriously hindering dispersal of many forest-dwelling species, which may be critical for their viability and conservation by decreasing habitat area and increasing distance among habitats. For understanding their environmental impacts, numerous spatial models exist to measure landscape connectivity. However, general relationships between functional connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately measure landscape connectivity in whole landscape and individual patches. We reviewed functional and structural definition of landscape connectivity, explained their mathematical connotations, and applied representative 13 indices in 3 districts of Seoul having fragmented forest patches with tits, the threshold distance was applied 500m by considering the dispersal of tits. Results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that connectivity indices could be divided by measurement methods whether they contain the area attribute with distance or not. Betweenness centrality(BC), a representative index measuring distance and distribution among patches, appreciated highly stepping stone forest patches, and difference of probability of connectivity(dPC), an index measuring including area information, estimated integrated connectivity of patches. Therefore, for evaluating landscape connectivity, it is need to consider not only general information of a region and species' characteristics but also various measuring methods of landscape connectivity.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.735-743
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• 2012

Since the CBD(Conservation on Biological Diversity)'s 10th Conference of the Parties adopted the protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing in Nagoya 2010, the importance of endangered species studies such as habitat distribution, protection and management have been more emerged. Corylopsis coreana, an endangered species in Korea, was isolated nationally and has been damaged by anthropogenic factors. In this paper, we identified the factors affecting C. coreana habitat at the national scale and regional scale using National Survey of Natural Environment and predicted the distribution of C. coreana. Annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest quarter, temperature seasonality and Digital Elevation Model(DEM) were derived as important factors at the national scale, and precipitation of wettest quarter, DEM and solar radiation on spring were identified as important factors at regional scale. Colylopsis distribution was affected by an effect of climate significantly at the national scale, and by additionally the microclimate and topography at regional scale. These findings will be used as the basis on habitat conservation and restoration plan and climate change.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.683-693
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• 2012

The urban waterfront well created, could provide mental stability and comfort and also foster personality. In addition it could provide the calmness and rest of mind. Especially, recently the urban waterfronts are restored here and there and are created whenever developing a new town The purpose of this study is to develop a method of calculating the weight of each evaluation criterion for deciding the priority of restoration among for deciding the priority of restoration among the urban waterfronts. The method includes the analytic hierarchy process that can calculate the reasonable weight of each evaluation criterion, because the importance (weights) of evaluation criteria appears to be different among the evaluators; the results of this study can be summarized as that this method can be useful for calculating the weights of evaluation criteria, and also that the superiority of ecological resources is the most important factor (highest weight) in selecting the best waterfront, followed by accessibility, tourism vacation, and proximity to parks. And then the lowest factor in importance is the scale of reservoir.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 2011

The energy produced by wind power generation is a clean energy product because it is acquired by using renewable resource. Wind power plants("wind farms), in Korea, have been built and operated as 345.6MW facilities from 2001 until now 2009. Nevertheless, environmental issues regarding construction of wind power plants have arisen. accordingly it is time to consider the environmental and social issues of wind power in accordance with the government's policy objectives of increased wind power production. In this study, we investigated the influence that noise and low frequency noise caused by Wind power plants have on neighborhood and residents. We also sought solutions to these issues. In order to analyze the issues of wind power facilities, we compared and examined precedents and the solutions for noise and low frequency noise in Europe, the United states and Japan. We intended to examine the influences of wind power facilities and propose alternative in dealing with these issues.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

Carbon sequestration on soil is one of the counter measurements against climate change in agricultural sector. Increasing incorporation of organic fertilizer would increase soil organic carbon (SOC) but it could bring high potential of nutrient losses which would result in water quality degradation. In this paper, literature review on soil organic carbon behavior according to agricultural management is presented. The results of field experiment to identify the effect of organic and commercial fertilizer applications on SOC and runoff water quality were also presented. Field experiment confirmed increased SOC and nutrient concentrations in runoff water as application rate of organic fertilizer increase. The potential use of simulation model to develop best agricultural management practice considering carbon sequestration and water quality conservation at the same time is discussed and monitoring and modeling strategies are also suggested to achieve the goal.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 2011

Estuary is a transitional zone between river and ocean environment that receives the maritime and riverine influence simultaneously. Estuaries are the most productive habitats because their incoming water provides large quantities of nutrients. The Seomjin River estuary, located in the middle south of Korea, has no barrage and shows natural characteristic of estuary. However, due to dredging and reclamation the environment of the estuary has been changed significantly in the river mouth. In addition, increased freshwater intake in midstream of the Seomjin River results in salinity intrusion. In this paper salinity variation in downstream estuary of the Seomjin River has been simulated and tested using EFDC model. The results of simulation were compared with measured data collected at three points, Culture & Art Center, Sumjin Iron Bridge, and Mokdori, located at 9Km, 14Km, and 15.5Km respectively from downstream estuary. Based on the simulated results, the contribution of the flushing discharge has been evaluated in preventing the salinity intrusion by increasing the discharge flowrates released from the Juam dam.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.161-169
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• 2012

Recently various attempts have been made to apply HSPF model to calculate runoff and diffuse pollution loads of stream and reservoir watersheds. Because the role of standard flow is very important in the water quality modelling of Total Water Pollution Load Management, HSPF was used as a means of estimating standard flow. In this study, BASINS 4.0 and WinHSPF was applied to the Gomakwoncheon watershed, genetic algorithm(GA) and influence coefficient algorithm were used to calibrate the runoff parameters of the WinHSPF. The objective function is the sum of the squares of the normalized residuals of the observed and calculated flow and it is optimized using GA. Estimates of the optimum runoff parameters are made at each iteration of the influence coefficient algorithm. The calibration results showed a relatively good correspondence between the observed and the calculated values. The standard flow(Q275) of the Gomakwoncheon watershed was estimated using the ten years of weather data.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.373-382
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• 2010

A number of recent studies have shown that occupational stress is closely associated with increased fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. This study was designed to assess stress in workers in the field of EIA (environment impact assessment) from July 2009 through september 2009, and questionnaires were uesd to analyze the stress scores and identify the primary factors influencing stress in this occupation. The number of respondents was 272 working in the Capital (Seoul and Kyunggido), Chungcheongdo, Jejudo area. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants' socio-demographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, reaction factor (self-perceived fatigue, job satisfaction) and buffer factor (social support). Occupational stress and self-perceived fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. The analysis revealed a strong correlation between occupational stress, job satisfaction, and social support, with occupational stress being associated with an increased risk of fatigue and decreased job satisfaction. In the multiple regression analysis(stepwise), the main factors influencing occupational stress were found to be job satisfaction, supervisor, fatigue, working time, no. of personnel, career. The results of this study suggest that occupational stress is a determinant predictor of self perceived fatigue and job satisfaction. Thus, a strong recommendation is made for a stress management program for reduction of occupational stress, and for the development of relevant experts on the health and quality of life of environment impact assessment workers.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.617-629
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• 2012

This study aims to find out critical areas of a soil loss and propose feasible measures to reduce the water quality deterioration by a soil lose. As a study area, the So-ok stream catchment locating at the upper area of Daecheong Reservoir is selected and intensive field observation was carried out. RUSLE model is applied to assess the impact of the pollution migration by a soil ross from the critical areas during storms on the water quality of Chusori embayment. As results, total amount of the soil ross assessed against to the critical area on which major type of land use is a orchard for fruits is 54.3 ton/ha/yr and that of an abandoned mine site is about 200 ton/ha/year. In particular as effective measures, a plantation of an appropriate species of fruit trees and an application of ecologic restoration schemes are proposed against to the orchard and the abandoned mine site, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

The QUAL2K has the same basic characteristics as the QUAL2E model, which has been widely used in stream water quality modeling; in QUAL2K, however, various functions are supplemented. The QUAL2Kw model uses a genetic algorithm(GA) for automatic calibration of QUAL2K, and it can search for optimum water quality parameters efficiently using the calculation results of the model. The QUAL2Kw model was applied to the Gangneung Namdaecheon River on the east side of the Korean Peninsula. Because of the effluents from the urban area, the middle and lower parts of the river are more polluted than the upper parts. Moreover, the hydraulic characteristics differ between the lower and upper parts of rivers. Thus, the river reaches were divided into seven parts, auto-calibration for the multiple reaches was performed using the function of the user-defined automatic calibration of the rates worksheets. Because GA parameters affect the optimal solution of the model, the impact of the GA parameters used in QUAL2Kw on the fitness of the model was analyzed. Sensitivity analysis of various factors, such as population size, crossover probability, crossover mode, strategy for mutation and elitism, mutation rate, and reproduction plan, were performed. Using the results of this sensitivity analysis, the optimum GA parameters were selected to achieve the best fitness value.