• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.198-202
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• 2004

잔류물질 간이 시험법으로 EEC-4 plate test와 Charm II test가 항생물질과 합성항균제 잔류검사에 널리 이용되고 있는 바, 이들 상호간의 결과 수치를 비교, 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. EEC-4 plate혹은 Charm II 에서 양성으로 나타난 돈육 71건에 대하여 HPLC로 정량 분석한 결과, only tetracyclines 46건, only sulfonamides와 solfonamides+tetracyclines가 각각 4건씩, amphenicols+tetracyclines와 amphenicols+sulfonamides+tetracyclines가 각각 1건씩 검출되었고, 15건에서는 검출되지 않았다. Sulfonamides 계열에서 검출된 9건의 경우, Charm-II test 결과 수치가 낮은 경우에 정량 검출량이 높게 나타났고, EEC-4 plate test 결과 pH 6.0, pH 7.2, pH 8.0 모두에서 양성으로 나타나는 등 두 시험방법 간에 연관성이 있었고, chloramphenicols 계열에서 검출된 2건과 검출되지 않은 7건의 경우, Charm-II test결과 수치가 낮은 경우에는 오히려 정량 검출되지 않았으나, control point 근방의 양성 수치에서는 검출량이 높게 나타날 뿐 아니라 EEC-4 plate test에서도 pH6.0, pH7.2, pH8.0 모두에서 양성으로 나타나는 등 두 시험방법 간에 연관성이 있었다. 한편, tetracycline계열의 경우, EEC-4 plate와 Cham-II간에 연관성은 없었다. 또한, EEC-4 plate와 Charm II에서 각각 양성을 나타내었으나 HPLC에서는 검출되지 않는 경우는 tetracyclines계열에서는 $10.5\%(6/57)$, sulfonamides계열의 경우는 없었고, chloramphenicols계열의 경우는 $81.8\%(9/11)$로 각각 나타나 EEC-4 plate와 Charm II가 세 가지 잔류물질 시험에 대한 screening method로서 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.256-260
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• 1999

본 연구는 EEC 4-plate법과 그 변법 그리고 식품공전상 간이검사법으로써 어류질병의 예방 및 치료에 사용되는 28종류의 항균물질에 대한 최저 검출한계를 서로 비교하여 어체내 잔류 항균물질의 최적 간이검사법 (bioassay)으로서의 유효성을 확인하고자 하였다. 식품공전상 간이검사법은 PCs에 뛰어난 검출감도를 나타내었으며 AGs에 대하여 좋은 감도를 보였으나 TCs, MLs, NFs, QNs에 대해서는 낮은 검출감도를 나타내었다. 한편, SAs에 대하여는 대단히 저조한 감도를 보였다. EEC 4-plate변법은 TCs에 대하여 우수한 검출감도를 나타내었다. EEC 4-plate법 및 그 변법은 PCs, MLs, NFs, QNs, SAs에 대하여 상대적으로 높은 검출감도를 나타내었다. 시험법들은 모두 CMs에 대하여는 검출감도가 낮았다. 결국 EEC 4-plate 변법이 여러계열의 항균물질에 대해 검출감도가 뛰어나고 항균활성의 범위가 넓어 어체내 잔류 항균성물질을 가장 유효하게 스크리닝할 수 있는 간이검사법으로 확인되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.313-321
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• 1997

The antibiotic residues of the urine, the liver, the lung, the kidney and the spleen in slaughtered pigs at Kyongbuk province were detected by TLC(505 kit) and EEC-4 plate method. 1. The positive rate of residual sulfamethazine which was detected by 505 kit in the urine (n=200) was 0.0%. 2. The positive rate of residual sulfamethazine which was detected by EEC-4 plate in the urine (n=126), the liver(n=98), the kidney(n=72), the spleen (n=68) and the lung(n=48) were 63%, 49%, 36%, 34% and 24%, respectively. 3. By EEC-4 plate method, the positive detection rates of the urine were 53.0% in BS(pH 6.0), 29.0% in BS(pH 7.2), 11.5% in BS(pH 8.0) and 13.0% in ML(pH 8.0) medium, that of the liver 41.5% in BS(pH 6.0), 22.0% in BS(pH 7.2), 6.5% in BS(pH 8.0) and 5.0%, in ML (pH 8.0) medium, that of the lung 21.0% in BS(pH 6.0), 9.5%, in BS(pH 7.2) and 8.5% in BS(pH 8.0) medium, and that of the kidney 31.5% in BS(pH 6.0), 14.5% in BS(pH 7.2), 20.0% in BS(pH 8.0) and 3.0% in ML(pH 8.0) medium. In the spleen, only in BS(pH 6.0) medium the positive rate was detected as 33.5 %. 4. The positive rates of samples which shown TLC-positive detected by EEC-4 plate method were 53.9% in no band, 77.8% in one band, 80.9% in two bands, 66.7% in three bands, respectively. In conclusion, the EEC-4 plate method could be applied for the detection of residual antibiotics in samples which shown as out of standard Rf values by TLC-method (SOS kit).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to determined the sulfamethazine residues In urine, serum and muscle of slaughtered pigs(n: 230) by the method of TLC, EEC-4-plate and HPLC. 1. Inhibition diameter characteristics of reference bacterial substance by EEC-4-plate method and antibacterial inhibition zone was appeared sulfonamides in BS pH 7.2 2. Residual sulfamethazine was detceted from 7 serum(3.04%) and 10 urine(4.35%) by TLC test and concentration of residues was higher In urine than serum. 3. Residual sulfamethazine was detected from 9 muscle(3.91%) by EEC-4-plate method. 4. Positive samples by TLC test and EEC-4-plate method were exceed 0.1ppm quantitative analysis from 7 muscle(3.04%).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 1996

The European Economic Community four plate test(EEC 4-plate test, FPT, EU) has been used for monitoring antimicrobial drug residues in meat by Local Veterinary Service Center in Korea. This study was performed to evaluate sensitivity and group specificity of some antimicrobial drugs in FPT and to compare FPT with Charm II test. The minimal detectable levels of targeted antimicrobial drugs tested with standard solutions were 0.025∼1.0 ppm for 7 beta-lactams, 0.5∼1.0 ppm for 4 aminoglycosides, 0.05∼0.5 ppm for 5 macrolides, 0.05∼0.25 ppm for 3 tetracyclines and 0.25&1.0 ppm for 6 sulfonamides. In comparison of FPT and Charm II test, the results of FPT were not accord with those of Charm II test having the group specificity of seven families of antimicrobial drugs in meat samples except some families like tetracyclines.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1991

Antibiotic residues of raw milks collected in Anyang area were tested by TTC-reduction test, EEC-4plate method and TLC(SOS-kit ) method to improve and monitor the quality of milk. Antibiotic substances were not detected from 100 raw milk samples, but sulfamethazine was detected from only one sample(1.3PPM) by SOS test. Unclassified anti-microbic substances were detected from 22 samples by EEC-4 plate method. EEC-4 plate test was useful to categorize the species of antibacterial substances and SOS test was useful to detect the sulfamethazine field screening test.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

This survey was carried out to detect the residual antibiotics in beef (n = 1,071), pork (n=7,837) and chicken (n=1,536) from slaughter houses in Gyeongbuk province by EEC-4 plate method, Charm II and HPLC during 2005. Residues of antibiotic were detected from 9 beef (0.8%) and 119pork (1.52%) by EEC-4 plate method, and total positive rates were 1.23% (128). 126 samples of the 128 positive samples by the EEC-4 plate method were detected by charm II test. 128 samples were classified as tetracyclines 110 (95.5%), ${\beta}$-lactam 2 (1.6%), sulfonamide 22 (17.2%), quinolone 1 (0.8%). The highest residual concentration of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlor-tetracycline, penicillin, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine and enrofloxacin were 7.57, 0.27, 0.40, 0.24, 14.24, 4.33, 8.59, 0.12, 0.09 and 1.98 ppm, respectively and 49 samples were exceeded legal admitted levels.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2002

This study was carried out to compare the residual antibiotic materials in muscles of slaughter cattle and swine from slaughterhouses in Seoul from 2000 to 2001 by EEC-4-plate method, Charm II and HPLC method. 1. Residual antibiotic materials were detected from 95 samples(0.8%) by EEC-4-plate and 57 samples(10.2%) by Charm II. The final HPLC method determined the positives are 43(45.3%) and 27(47.3%) respectively. 2. The detection ratios were 45% by EEC-4-plate and 47% by Charm II. 3. Seventy samples were classified as tetracyclines 56(75.7.4%), sulfonamides 10(14.9%), $\beta$-lactam 6(8.1%) chloramphenicol 1(1.4%). Three of them were confirmed to be positive simmultaneously for tetracyclines, sulfonamides and chloramphenicol. 4. The highest residual concentration of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline, penicillin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 0.34, 11.29, 68.16, 0.13, 4.0, 0.12, 0.4 and 0.04ppm, respectively.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

This survey was carried out to detect the residual antibiotics in muscles of slaughter cattle from slaughter houses in Seoul from 1991 to 1998 using by EEC-4-plate method. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Residual materials were detected in 402 samples(3.12%) by EEC-4-plate method. The detection ratios were highest in 1995 (9.51%), autumn (39.8%), Kyeonggi province (54.2%), Holestain(60.4%) and male(50.7%). 2. Residual antibiotics for 18 samples were classified as TCs(72.2%), sulfonamides(38.8% ) and $\beta$-lactams(5.5%) by HPLC 3. The residual concentration of oxytetracycline, sulfonamide and $\beta$-lactams were 0.34~15.93ppm, 0.17~1.18ppm and 0.06ppm, respectively.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1997

In an effort to Improve the quality of meat and to monitor farms, residual tetracyclines in local beef and pork produced in the province of North Chung-cheong were determined by a EEC 4-plate, Charm II and HPLC, respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Of the 547 samples, 4 beef and 13 pork samples were judged to be positive by EEC 4 - plate method. 2. Detection rates of tetracyclines by type 1(++--) and type 2(+++ or ++$\pm$-) micro-bial growth Inhibition In EEC 4-plate method were 100% and 71%, respectively. 3. Of 17 positive samples, 6 were positive for tetracyclines, 4 were positive for tetracyclines and sulfonamides, 1 was positive for sulfonamides, and 2 were positive for others by Charm II test. 4. The best eluents were 0.01M methanolic oxalic acid, and the ideal temperature for stable concentration was $40^{\circ}C$ as optimal HPLC analytical conditions for the detection of tetracy-clines. 5. Of the 10 positive samples for tetracyclines by Charm II test, tetracyclines were confirmed in 2 beef and 6 pork samples, using HPLC, at levels ranging from 3.64~4.22 ppm and 0.2~1.20 ppm, respectively.