• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.562-570
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• 1995

The recent ABB/CE(Asea Brown Boveri Combustion Engineering) type pressurized oater reactor-s have the on-line monitoring system, i.e., the COLSS(core operating limit supervisory system), to prevent the specified acceptable fuel design limits from being violated during normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences. One of the main functions of COLSS is the on-line monitoring of the DNB(departure from nucleate boiling) overpower margin by calculating the MDNBR(mini-mum DNB ratio) for the measured operating condition at every second. The CETOP-D model, used in the MDNBR calculation of COLSS, is benchmarked conservatively against the TORC mod-el using an inlet flow factor of hot assembly in CETOP-D as an adjustment factor for TORC. In this study, a technique to optimize the CETOP-D inlet flow factor has been developed by elim-inating the excessive conservatism in the ABB/CE's. A correlation is introduced to account for the actual variation of the CETOP-D inlet flow factor within the core operating limits. This technique was applied to the core operating range of the YongGwang Units 3&4 Cycle 1, which results in the increase of 2％ in the DNB overpower margin at the normal operating condition, compared with that from the ABB/CE method.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate antithrombotic activities of Saegeumsan (瑞金散, SGS) which has effects of activating blood, removing thrombus. This study is designed to measure the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD solution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. We standardized the time when the experimental animals were incapable of functioning the hind legs more than 20 minutes or maintained trembling. Being classified one group of eight mice, each of them was divided into Normal, Control, and SGS. The normal group supplied a saline solution and the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood after an hour of administering the saline solution. Also, SGS was dissolved in $2m{\ell}$ saline solution and then we dosed it to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood in the same way as the Control group. The results were obtained as follows, SGS significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine when analyzed by the Sigmoid $E_{max}$ model in WinNonlin. $EC_{50}$ values of SGS were 4.61 mg/ml and 12.41 mg/ml for ADP and epinephrine respectively. SGS showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. SGS increased blood flow rate significantly as compared with the control group in vitro. SGS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine(inhibitive rate is 37.5 %). SGS increased number of platelet and fibrinogen amount significantly, and shortened PT and APTT as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. According to, SGS is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2001

Purpose : We investigated the temporal alterations of apoptosis and mitotic death following irradiation in the rat's small intestinal crypts. Materials and methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated 2 Gy by 6 MV linear accelerator and sacrified at 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 hours after irradiation. The mean numbers of the apoptotic cells and mitotic cells per their small intestinal crypts were measured in the unirradiated control and irradiated groups. To compare with H & E staining, ISEL (In Situ End Labelling) were peformed in the group having the highest apoptotic count. Results : The mean number of the apoptosis per crypt in the control group was 0.14 and those at 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 hours after irradiation were 1.43, 3.19, 1.15, 0.26, 0.17, respectively. So the apoptosis development was increased upto 4 hours and then normalized around 24 hours following irradiation. The mean number of the mitotic cells per crypt in the control group was 1.29 and those at 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 hours after irradiation were 0.56, 0.47, 0.23, 0.65, 1.19, respectively. The mitotic cell counts following irradiation was decreased to 8 hours and recovered to the normal level about 48 hours. So the increment of apoptotic cell count was occurred earlier and more remarkable than the decrement of mitotic cell count after irradiation. According to the staining time, false positivity was found in the ISEL staining. Conclusions : The cell death in the small intestinal crypt developed by acute radiation damage was usually decreased to the normal level within $24\~48\;hours$ after irradiation and the apoptosis was thought to be more important process than the mitotic death.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.373-384
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• 2000

The goal of this paper is to develop a computational method to predict cancellous bone density distributions based upon continuum levels of volumetric strain. Volumetric strain is defined as the summation of normal strains, excluding shear strains, within an elastic range of loadings. Volumetric strain at a particular location in a cancellous structure changes with changes of the boundary conditions (prescribed displacements, tractions, and pressure). This change in the volumetric strain is postulated to predict the adaptive change in the bone apparent density. This bone remodeling theory based on volumetric strain is then used with the finite element method to compute the apparent density distribution for cancellous bone in both lumbar spine and proximal femur using an iterative algorithm, considering the dead zone of strain stimuli. The apparent density distribution of cancellous bone predicted by this method has the same pattern as experimental data reported in the literature (Wolff 1892, Keller et al. 1989, Cody et al. 1992). The resulting bone apparent density distributions predict Young's modulus and strength distributions throughout cancellous bone in agreement with the literature (Keller et al. 1989, Carter and Hayes 1977). The method was convergent and sensitive to changes in boundary conditions. Therefore, the computational algorithm of the present study appears to be a useful approach to predict the apparent density distribution of cancellous bone (i.e. a numerical approximation for Wolff's Law)

• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.615-630
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• 2018

Basin analysis is a research field to understand the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins. This task requires various geoscientific datasets as well as numerical and graphical modelling techniques to synthesize results dimensionally in time and space. For basin analysis and modelling in a comprehensive workflow, BasinVis 1.0 was released as a MATLAB-based program in 2016, and recently the software has been extended to BasinVis 2.0, with new functions and revised user-interface. As a case study, this work analyses the southern Vienna Basin and visualizes the sedimentation setting and subsidence evolution to introduce the basin modelling functions of BasinVis 2.0. This is a preliminary study for a basin-scale modelling of the Vienna Basin, together with our previous studies using BasinVis 1.0. In the study area, during the late Early Miocene, sedimentation and subsidence are significant along strike-slip and en-echelon listric normal faults. From the Middle Miocene onwards, however, subsidence decreases abruptly over the area and this situation continues until the Late Miocene. This is related to the development of the pull-apart system and corresponds to the episodic tectonic subsidence in strike-slip basins. The subsidence of the Middle Miocene is confined mainly to areas along the strike-slip faults, while, from the late Middle Miocene, the depocenter shifts to a depression along the N-S trending listric normal faults. This corresponds to the regional paleostress regime transitioning from NE-SW trending transtension to E-W trending extension. This study applies various functions and techniques to this case study, and the modelled results demonstrate that BasinVis 2.0 is effective and applicable to the basin modelling.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1247-1264
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• 2021

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored. The current research investigated expression changes of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in rats at several recovery periods (2, 6, and 12 weeks) after the stop of ND treatment with different doses (2 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Body and testis weights were recorded, and transcript levels of molecules were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes of immuno-intensities of molecules. At 6 and 12 weeks of the recovery period, the 10 mg/kg ND-treated rats were lighter than other experimental groups. The interstitial compartment vanished by ND treatment filled up as the recovery period became longer. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was returned to the control level at 12 weeks of the recovery period. Expression levels of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and 17a-hydroxylase were increased in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group at 6 weeks of the recovery period, and transcript levels of these molecules in 2 and 10 mg/kg ND-treated groups at 12 weeks of the recovery period were significantly lower than the control. Expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type I and 17β-HSD type 3 in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group were comparable with those of control at 12 weeks of the recovery period, but not in 10 mg/kg ND-treated group. Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19) was reverted to the control level at 2 weeks of the recovery period. Except for Cyp19, there was a visible increase of immuno-staining intensity of other testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells as the recovery period progressed. This research has demonstrated that the cease of ND administration could restore the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes close to the normal level. Nevertheless, a relatively long recovery period, compared to the ND-exposure period would be required to retrieve normal expression levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Background: The light-emitting diode (LED) curing light used is presumed to be safe. However, the scientific basis for this is unclear, and the safety of LED curing light is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of LED curing light irradiation according to the conditions applied for the polymerization of composite resins in dental clinic on the cell viability and inflammatory response in Raw264.7 macrophages and to confirm the stability of LED curing light. Methods: Cell viability and cell morphology of Raw264.7 macrophages treated with 100 ng/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or/and LED curing light with a wavelength of 440~490 nm for 20 seconds were confirmed by methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and microscopic observation. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was confirmed by NO assay and $PGE_2$ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Expression of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ in total RNA and protein was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Results: The LED curing light did not affect the viability and morphology of normal Raw264.7 cells but affected the cell viability and induced cytotoxicity in the inflammation-induced Raw264.7 cells by LPS. The irradiation of the LED curing light did not progress to the inflammatory state in the inflammation-induced Raw264.7 macrophage. However, LED curing light irradiation in normal Raw264.7 cells induced an increase in NO and $PGE_2$ production and mRNA and protein expression of $(IL)-1{\beta}$ and $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, indicating that it is possible to induce the inflammatory state. Conclusion: The irradiation of LED curing light in RAW264.7 macrophage may induce an excessive inflammatory reaction and damage oral tissues. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the long-term irradiation which is inappropriate when applying LED curing light in a dental clinic.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.187-207
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of defining concrete and abstract nouns for the elderly. A total of 382 elderly participated in this study and they were classified into four age groups (i.e., over 55 to under 64, over 65 to under 74, over 75 to under 84, and over 85 year-old group). They performed the word definition task, composed of five concrete and five abstract nouns. The total scores and numbers and ratio of core/supplementary meanings were compared among four elderly groups. The frequency and ratio of error types were also examined. The results showed that all four groups had statistically significant differences in total scores, numbers and ratio of core and supplementary meaning of concrete noun definition task. In addition, abstract noun definition performances revealed group differences except the two groups (over 75 to under 84 and over 85-year-old group). The oldest group showed a sharp increase in error production. The highest ratio of error types were personal experience in over 55 to under 64-year-old group, and over 65 to under 74 year-old groups; and for the target word repetition in over 75 to under 84 year-old group; and no response in over 85 year-old group. In conclusion, both concrete and abstract word defining abilities had age-related deterioration. This decline results from impairment in spreading semantic knowledge within semantic network, which is vulnerable to aging. Characteristics of word definition for elderly can provide basic information to understand various neurolinguistic disorders associated with age.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a prototype system for abnormal sound detection and identification which detects and recognizes the abnormal situations by means of analyzing audio information coming in real time from CCTV cameras under surveillance environment. The proposed system is composed of two layers: The first layer is an one-class support vector machine, i.e., support vector data description (SVDD) that performs rapid detection of abnormal situations and alerts to the manager. The second layer classifies the detected abnormal sound into predefined class such as 'gun', 'scream', 'siren', 'crash', 'bomb' via a sparse representation classifier (SRC) to cope with emergency situations. The proposed system is designed in a hierarchical manner via a mixture of SVDD and SRC, which has desired characteristics as follows: 1) By fast detecting abnormal sound using SVDD trained with only normal sound, it does not perform the unnecessary classification for normal sound. 2) It ensures a reliable system performance via a SRC that has been successfully applied in the field of face recognition. 3) With the intrinsic incremental learning capability of SRC, it can actively adapt itself to the change of a sound database. The experimental results with the qualitative analysis illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 2021

Purpose In nuclear medicine blood tests, hemolysis samples are considered as inappropriate sample and are recommended not to be used for blood test. So, the lab are required to collect the blood again in the blood collection room However, The effect of hemolyzed samples on radioimmunoassay has not studied yet. This study was designed to evaluate effects of hemolysis on radioimmunoassay. Materials and Methods The kit manuals of 23 test items were reviewed to confirm whether hemolyzed samples were used. The subjects were 19 general applicants(male : 9, female : 13) and the samples were collected by each two SST tubes, one tube was obtained by centrifugation normally, and the other was obtained hemolyzed sample by centrifugation after external shock. It has been known that highly hemolyzed samples can affect the test results, so the test was performed using the severe hemolyzed sample. The test was performed for each test item using 23 normal serum and hemolysis serum, and SPSS19 program was used for statistical comparison of the test result. Results There was no significant difference between normal serum and hemolysis serum in 21 of 23 test items, but the results of insulin and C-peptide were significantly different(P<0.05). Conclusion It has been known that hemolysis in blood samples can affect the results of biochemical and hematological test, However, hemolysis effect is relatively low. Similarly, this study showed that hemolysis had not much effect on most of immunological radioimmunoassay except for some tests. Therefore, it is thought that the demand for re-collection due to hemolysis will be reduced in the laboratory, which will improve the work process of the laboratory.