• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6227-6232
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• 2014

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains as one of the most difficult malignancies to control because of its high propensity for local invasion and cervical lymph node dissemination. The aim of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of novel pH and temperature sensitive doxorubicin-methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles (DOX-MTX NP) in terms of their potential to change the VEGF-C expression profile in a rat OSCC model. Materials and Methods: 120 male rats were divided into 8 groups of 15 animals administrated with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide to induce OSCCs. Newly formulated doxorubicin-methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles (DOX-MTX NP) and free doxorubicin were IV and orally administered. Results: Results indicated that both oral and IV forms of DOX-MTX-nanoparticle complexes caused significant decrease in the mRNA level of VEGF-C compared to untreated cancerous rats (p<0.05). Surprisingly, the VEGF-C mRNA was not affected by free DOX in both IV and oral modalities (p>0.05). Furthermore, in DOX-MTX NP treated group, less tumors characterized with advanced stage and VEGF-C mRNA level paralleled with improved clinical outcome (p<0.05). In addition, compared to untreated healthy rats, the VEGF-C expression was not affected in healthy groups that were treated with IV and oral dosages of nanodrug (p>0.05). Conclusions: VEGF-C is one of the main prognosticators for lymph node metastasis in OSCC. Down-regulation of this lymph-angiogenesis promoting factor is a new feature acquired in group treated with dual action DOX-MTX-NPs. Beside the synergic apoptotic properties of concomitant use of DOX and MTX on OSCC, DOX-MTX NPs possessed anti-angiogenesis properties which was related to the improved clinical outcome in treated rats. Taking together, we conclude that our multifunctional doxorubicin-methotrexate complex exerts specific potent apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis properties that could ameliorate the clinical outcome presumably via down-regulating dissemination factor-VEGF-C expression in a rat OSCC model.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.583-601
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• 2007

The desktop interface is not suitable for the environment in which mobile devices are used commonly with moving, because much attention should be paid for it. And the miniaturizing of mobile devices increases the workload for using them, makes the operation speeds lower and makes more errors. So the study of appropriate level of the input interface for this changing environment is needed. In the aspect of mobile devices. input style and the complexity of the menu hierarchy, this study will look for the way to decrease the workload when doing some primary tasks and using mobile devices simultaneously with moving. The input style was classified into gesture input style, button input style, and pointing input style. The accuracy and speed were measured when doing dual tasks, including a menu searching task and a figure memory task, through one input style of three. By Changing the level of menu hierarchy in the menu searching task, the accuracy of task execution was examined. These Experiments were done in standing state and moving state. In both state the pointing input style was the highest in the accuracy of task execution but the slowest in the speed. In contrast, the gesture input style was not high in the accuracy but the fastest in the speed. This fact shows that the gesture input style is suitable for the condition needed for speedy processing rather than accurate execution when moving.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to develop the new vehicle classification algorithm and minimize classification errors. The existing vehicle classification algorithm collects data from loop and piezo sensors according to the specification("Vehicle classification guide for traffic volume survey" 2006) given by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The new vehicle classification system collects the vehicle length, distance between axles, axle type, wheel-base and tire type to minimize classification error. The main difference of new system is the "Wandering" sensor which is capable of measuring the wheel-base and tire type(single or dual). The wandering sensor obtains the wheel-base and tire type by detecting both left and right tire imprint. Verification tests were completed with the total traffic volume of 762,420 vehicles in a month for the new vehicle classification algorithm. Among them, 47 vehicles(0.006%) were not classified within 12 vehicle types. This results proves very high level of classification accuracy for the new system. Using the new vehicle classification algorithm will improve the accuracy and it can be broadly applicable to the road planning, design, and management. It can also upgrade the level of traffic research for the road and transportation infrastructure.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

Changes in the distribution and sharing information using the Internet is changing the most part in our daily life, Utilizing the Internet of our lives to the rapid development of IT technology, are living in the off-line (off-line) and online (on-line) a mix of life, We expect now online life specific gravity is further increased. However, do not systematically implement the education of Internet ethics awareness deficiencies of objective indicators to assess the current knowledge level of the Internet ethics is the actual situation. Therefore, in this paper, it provides a development process in order to establish a common standard for the evaluation of Internet ethics index. Development procedure of Internet ethics index in order to establish a common standard, "evaluation item (draft) derivation", "Creating a questionnaire", "the calculation of the analysis and item-by-item weight of the questionnaire", and a common reference determination of the stage having. Was also a questionnaire that target 46 people to calculate the weight of the common reference. Internet ethics index evaluation model through the establishment of the common standards developed in this paper, municipal road Office of Education, related organizations, high school, such as small, medium, can be utilized as an indicator to measure the Internet ethics education level.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.155-165
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• 2012

In any military services, young leaders are superiors to another and the leaders must be equipped with not only command and control(C2) and management capabilities but with a skill set that addresses their service members' problems and hardships throughout a counseling approach. These young leaders other than regular professional counselors are wearing dual hats as a commander and a counselor to address their service member's issues. There are couple of hours to give a lecture about counseling during the basic training course, however, we noticed that there are some limitations to cover up the uniqueness of counseling during the course, since we cannot rule out the unique vertical situation within military system that runs by its hierarchy. Therefore, we developed education program in order to enhance commander's counseling skills, refined the program with thorough review and commentary by professions and military commanders, and provided 10 events of program to the young leaders. As a result, the leaders scored high on self-effectiveness, communication skills, and counseling development-level. If we adjust minor changes to the program, it will be the outstanding program to improve young leaders' counseling capability.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2019

This study was to execute the flipped learning as a learner-centered teaching and learning method in the course on family living culture for home economics education students in a college of education, and to investigate its effect. Flipped learning was designed in three stages(Pre class/In class/After class), and a questionnaire survey was distributed to 40 students to measure the class satisfaction. In addition, class worksheets and reflection journals that students wrote after every class were analyzed. Students positively evaluated flipped learning because they could take non-competition class with questions and discussion, etc. escaping from a one-way lecture. This study found that the level of class satisfaction was high due to high learning effect as the dual learning was available in case of prerequisite learning or individual learning. In particular, the class using Visual Thinking was considered interesting and useful in understanding and summarizing the learning contents. This study has shown that the willingness to take other flipped learning class in their major was high. To conclude, this study has found positive learning effects in the learner-centered teaching and learning method or flipped learning for the course concerning family living culture. This researcher expects that flipped learning may be utilized in the secondary education in the future as an effective learner-centered teaching and learning method for the purpose of fostering talents for the future in the era of the fourth industrial revolution.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.83-112
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• 2016

Increase of immigrants in Korean society means that ethnic and cultural diversity witnessed in Western immigration countries is also appearing in overall Korean society. The purpose of this study is to suggest policy directions which fit multicultural society in the future by comparing and analyzing the difference in the recognition of multiculturalism between Koreans and immigrants. As the result of empirical analysis, it turned out that there is difference in recognition between Koreans and immigrants, for which different policy directions are required. First, it was contact experience that decided Koreans' multicultural attitudes. High level of influence of contact experience means that although Koreans take multicultural society as granted, they actually have low level of contact experience with immigrants, which requires policy tools to convert actual strengthened contact experience into positive directions. Second, in the case of immigrants, the less they recognize discrimination and the more bias is fortified, the more they accept multiculturalism as a threat. This exhibits their dual sense of identity in which they recognize themselves as foreigners toward Koreans but they distinguish themselves from other foreigners. Thus, assimilation to Korean society is not deemed to be the only alternative and Korean society needs to practice genuine multiculturalism to strengthen immigrants' ethnic identity. Study also conducted in-depth discussions on the implications of above results.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 2011

Medvedev administration has adopted new foreign policy line because of Obama administration's 'Reset' policy and Global economic crisis. The objectives of Medvedev's new foreign policy are the creation of a favorable external environment and the efficient use of external resources for Russia's economic modernization. To achieve these goals, Medvedev's government fleshed out such specific action plans as the avoidance of conflicts with other powers, the prevention of conflicts around Russia's borders, the activation of capital investment, and the introduction of advanced technology from the outside. This foreign policy line takes shape in the building of a foundation for strategic cooperation with the United States, the preparation for 'Modernization Alliance' with Europe, the management of cooperation and conflict with China and Japan, and the introduction of a dual strategy of strategic stability and economic integration in relations with post-soviet states. In Russia's new foreign policy line the strengthening of relations with the United States and Europe acquires highest priority. However, this does not mean a return to a 'pro-Western liberal line' in the early 1990s. The ultimate goal of Russia's 'modernization' program still lies in the rebuilding of a powerful Russia in accordance with the multipolar world order that was Putin administration's foreign policy line. In this context, foreign policy change under Medvedev administration could be defined as a 'program change at international level' that signifies a change in the means to achieve goals without changing them.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-125
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• 2021

This study tried to identify the psychological mechanisms that middle and high school students can adaptively solve various problems, and to identify differences according to gender and school level. To this end, the growth mindset was set as an independent variable predicting the problem-solving ability of middle and high school students, and ego-resilience and emotional intelligence were set as the mediating variables. As for the research data, responses of 94 middle school students(40 males, 54 females) and 134 high school students(63 males, 71 females) who participated through mobile and off-line were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results are as follows. First, differences according to gender and school level were significant only in emotional intelligence. Second, ego-resilience and emotional intelligence mediated the relationship between growth mindset and problem-solving ability respectively. Third, the dual mediation effect of ego-resilience and emotional intelligence was significant in the relationship between growth mindset and problem-solving ability. Based on these results, theoretical and practical discussions and implications for improving problem-solving ability of middle and high school students are presented.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to understand family changes and dynamics of and to suggest institutional/policy-level tasks for coping with them, by paying attention to changing family values of single-person households and their caring work performed in everyday life. This study selected 11 single-person households residing in Ulsan by considering their age and marital status, and analyzed their overall daily lives, family values, and the characteristics of household work and caring. The characteristics of these single-person households in Ulsan, not only showed the coexistence of "simplicity, but instability" when maintaining and living their own lives, but also showed the ambivalent characteristics of family values by showing a gap between the perception and reality of diversity. In regard to family life, the participants complained of difficulties in "caring and relationship of family of origin" and the "economic factors", and notably showed the "dual value system". For a more stable life, the single-person households were forming social networks to relieve a sense of isolation and loneliness, and to recover relationships, instead of limiting themselves to only the traditional method of family formation. Thus, it would be possible to respond to family changes when changes are promoted in each area of "the perception of life", "family life", and the "family & social relationship", and this research suggests policy-level tasks based on the results of this study.