• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.574-579
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• 1995

To investigate the effect of the midsummer drainage method on growth and lodging characters, Dongjinbyeo was direct seeded on dry paddy field under 4cm of soil depth at May 1 by seeding machine. Three kind of drainage methods were treated such as, once in 20day, towice in 20, 30 days and 3 times 20, 30, 40 days after flooding. As increase the drainage times, the culm and internode length were shorter, culm wall of 4th internode was thicker, breaking weight was heavier, height of center weight was lower, lodging index was reduced, and dry weight of root was increased. Field lodging occured seriously at none drainage but didn't, with two or three times of drainage. Grain yield was not shown significantly different compared with constant flooding irrespective of midsummer drainage times. Therefore two or three times of midsummer drainage could be recommended as the effective water management for the reduction of lodging occurance in direct seeding culture on dry paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

The effect of seeding depth on the growth, mesocotyl elongation and herbicidal response of rice(Oryza sativa L., Japonica type, cv. "Tongjin") and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var orizicola Ohwi.) were studied in greenhouse experiments. Barnyardgrass growth as affected by different water depths was briefly tested. Rice and barnyardgrass were broadcast in soil into Oem, 1cm, 2cm and 3cm in seeding depth under dry direct-seeded condition. Butachlor(N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide) at dose rate of 1800g ai/ha and thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethyl carbamothioate) at dose rate of 2100g and 4200g ai/ha were soil applied to them at 5 days after seeding. At 10 days after seeding, plants harvested to examine their growth as affected by seeding depth. Root length and shoot fresh weight of rice untreated was greatest in 1cm- and 3cm-seeding depth, respectively, however, mesocotyl did not elongate. While plant height of barnyardgrass grew regardless of seeding depth and water depth, but root length was greatest in 1cm-seeding depth of dry condition and reduced with increased water depth. And mesocotyl was elongated in only dry condition and its length increased with increased seeding depth. At 10 days after application thiobencarb applied pre-emergence inhibited plant height, and shoot fresh weight of rice in only 0cm-seeding depth under dry condition whereas was unaffected in above 1cm-seeding depth, similar to untreated control, and ever increased root length and root fresh weight of rice. On the other hand, shoot, root and leaf growth of barnyardgrass was, severely inhibited regardless of application rates and seeding depths. Reduction of shoot growth by treatment of herbicide was significantly greater than that of root growth. Consequently, reduction of barnyardgrass growth by treatment of thiobencarb did not be associated with seeding depth and mesocotyl elongation as affected by different seeding depth.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.241-244
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• 2005

This study was carried out to compare growth characteristics, and extract and crude saponin contents of 4-year-old ginseng cultured by direct seeding and transplanting cultivation at several farms of the main producing district, Geumsan and Eumsung. Though root weight per plant of direct seeding cultivation was lower than that of transplanting cultivation, but yield of the former was higher than that of the latter owing to high rate of survival plant and Leaf Area Index. Dry matter partitioning ratio of direct seeding cultivation was high in primary root and low in secondary root because direct seeding cultivation elongated the length of primary root, while it suppressed the growth of secondary root. Ratio of rusty root was decreased in condition of direct seeding cultivation, while the contents of extract and crude saponin were lower than that of transplanting cultivation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.88-89
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.74-75
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.325-325
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• 2017

In the 20th century, the average temperature of Korea has risen by $1.5^{\circ}C$, whereas it has risen by $0.6^{\circ}C$ globally. Few studies have investigated the effect of seeding date in hilly pastures on their growth characteristics and productivity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of seeding dates at a hilly pasture establishment on its growth characteristics and productivity caused by increasing temperatures in Korea. The experiments were conducted from 2014 to 2016 at Pyeongchang, South Korea, at an altitude 600-700 m above sea level. The composition of grass mixture was tall fescue, orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, and white clover. Treatments comprised four seeding dates (August 13 and 27, and September 10 and 24). The establishment rate was lowest on September 24, resulting in only 20% establishment over the winter, and the proportion of weeds was highest on September 24 (58%). Early seedling growth before overwintering is a critical approach to ensure successful establishment of grassland. The main components were orchard grass and tall fescue on the early seeding date (August 13), and Kentucky bluegrass on the late seeding date (September 24). Late seeding increased the proportion of bare lands invaded by weed species, especially during second and third cutting periods. Early seeding date resulted in a progressive increase in biomass. Total annual production was significantly affected by the seeding date; lowest dry matter production was on September 24 ($2,441kg\;ha^{-1}$), whereas maximum dry matter yield was on August 27 ($6,608kg\;ha^{-1}$). The results of the study indicate that growth condition and productivity could be increased by early seeding, and seeding of grass in the Pyeongchang area should be completed before August 27. However, further studies are needed to determine the ideal seeding date at the hilly pasture establishment in Pyeongchang.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different seeding dates on agronomic characteristics, forage quality, dry matter (DM) and dry matter digestible (DDM) yields of sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) and oat (Avena sativaL.) at Seongju in Kyeongbuk from 2012 to 2013. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Sudangrass was seeded five times seeding dates of 10 days interval ranging from $1^{th}$ August to $10^{th}$ September in 2012 and 2013. Oat was seeded three times seeding dates of 10 days interval ranging from $20^{th}$ August to $10^{th}$ September in 2013. Sudangrass was harvested on $26^{th}$ October, 2012 and $2^{nd}$ November, 2013. Plant length and DM content decreased with delaying seeing date. The DM and DDM yields of sudangrass were higher (P<0.05) in first seeding date than all other seeding dates and decreased with delaying seeding dates (P<0.05). The DM and DDM yields of oat were higher (P<0.05) in first and second seeding dates than third seeding date. The results of this study indicated that early seeding of sudangrass would be a recommended than late seeding after $20^{th}$ of August, and late seeding of oat after $30^{th}$ August would be recommened for DM and DDM yields in the Southern Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2013

These experiments are being conducted to obtain data of plant height, panicle length, heading date, number of culm, and fresh and dry weight, crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN) by six times seeding of 10 days interval ranging from May 1st to June 21st for two types of barnyard millet from the Suwon area in Korea. In the early-heading type, IT 170609 (Echinochloa crus-galli), the plant height and the number of culm per square meters are decreased by late seeding relatively, and heading date is 7 to 10 days earlier than the late seeding. And the dry weight of forage is rapidly decreased after the June 11th seeding. In the late-heading type, IT 195422 (Echinochloa frumentacea), the plant height and the number of culm per square meters are also decreased by late seeding relatively, and heading date is about 13 days earlier than late seeding. The dry weight of forage was rapidly decreased after the June 11th seeding. In both two types, the nutritive value of ADF, NDF, and TDN are not changed by late seeding, but crude protein is increased by late seeding. The TDN yields of late-heading type, IT 195400, show average amounts in the June 1st seeding, but the TDN yield of early-heading type, IT 170606, indicate safety amounts of dry weight to the March 21st seeding. And these data are available for cropping systems, cultivating barnyard millet in summer and cereals for forage in winter, to get high production of forage in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.513-520
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• 1991

The objective of experiment was to investigate the effects of seeding rate on forage yield and feed value, and to clarify the optimum seeding rate of rye in middle west area when cultured in paddy field. The field experiment treated with 5 levels of seeding rate was carried out at Yesan area in 1989. The plant height and the number of tillers per m' were increased but the dry matter rate was decreased as seeding rate increased. The fresh and dry weights of rye plant were increased as seeding rate increased. The highest yield was obtained from the harvest of May 15 and 25 in Yesan area. The TDN content and RFV were decreased by the increased seeding rate and delayed cutting date. The highest TDN yield was obtained from the seeding rate of 18kg/l0a and the next highest yield was obtained from the 23kg and 28kg/l0a seeding rate. The content of ENE, NEL, NEM, and NEG was decreased by the increased seeding rate and delayed cutting date. The highest ENE and NEL yields were obtained from the seeding rate of 23kg/l0a and May 15 harvest. The highest NEM and NEG yields were obtained from the seeding rates of 18kg/l0a and May 15 harvest, and of 18-28kg/l0a and May 5 harvest, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding timing and method of rye and/or hairy vetch on seasonal soil and foliar nutrient concentrations as well as fruit quality in a pesticide-free pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments included as followed: single seeding of rye in September (Sep-Mono), November (Nov-Mono), and January (Jan-Mono), or mix seeding of rye+hairy vetch in November (Nov-Mix) and January (Jan-Mix), or sod culture as a control. Cover crops or vegetation was mown and mulched on the soil surface in April and May for two years. Nov-Mix treatment produced the highest dry matter weight of $12,070kg\;ha^{-1}$, with the lowest dry matter weight for sod culture ($6,520kg\;ha^{-1}$), following Jan-Mix ($7,030kg\;ha^{-1}$). Nov-Mix treatments increased potential amount of N, P, and K from the raw materials of the cover crops as well as improved soil physical properties. Nov-Mix treatments overall elevated soil pH, EC, organic matter, and $P_2O_5$ in May compared to other cover crop treatments or sod culture. The difference of the seasonal nutrient concentrations in leaves or fruit qualities were not consistently occurred amongst treatments. CONCLUSION: Nov-Mix treatments showed playing role in a substitute of a chemical fertilizer. Delayed seeding of cover crops such as Jan-Mix did not increase the potential dry matter production due to the short growing period, and the seeding time would affect the dry matter production of cover crops.